عوامل فردی و آموزشی موثر بر دانش، نگرش و نیت کارآفرینانه دانشجویان کشاورزی: مطالعه مقطعی مکرر (مورد مطالعه: پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار موسسه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزش عالی،‌تهران، ایران

چکیده

کارآفرینی و کارآفرینان از عوامل مهم تحول در پیشرفت و توسعه کشور هستند. بنابراین، ضرورت دارد که این حوزه موضوعی مورد توجه ویژه پژوهشگران، برنامه­ریزان، و سیاست­گزاران قرار گیرد. هدف پژوهش حاضر پاسخ به این سوال است که آیا سطح دانش، نگرش و نیت کارآفرینانه دانشجویان نسبت به سال­های گذشته تغییر یافته است یا خیر. و آیا تاثیرگذاری عوامل فردی و آموزشی بر دانش، نگرش و نیت کارآفرینانه دانشجویان با گذشت زمان تغییری یافته­اند یا خیر. پژوهش با استفاده از روش پیمایش مقطعی مکرر صورت گرفت. جامعه آماری، دانشجویان سال آخر کارشناسی کشاورزی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع­طبیعی دانشگاه تهران در سال تحصیلی 93-92 (گروه الف) و 99-98 (گروه ب) بود که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، نمونه آماری به­شمار 120 تن از گروه الف و 98 تن از گروه ب انتخاب شد. ابزار اصلی برای گردآوری داده­ها پرسشنامه بود. روایی و پایایی پرسشنامه با نظرخواهی از تعدادی از استادان و صاحب­نظران و محاسبه آلفای کرونباخ بررسی و تایید شد (دانش کارآفرینی= 82/0، نگرش کارآفرینی= 91/0، نیت کارآفرینانه= 88/0). داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS و در دو بخش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی تحلیل گردید. یافته­ها نشان داد سطح دانش، نگرش و نیت کارآفرینانه دانشجویان نسبت به سال­های گذشته تغییر نموده و به­طور معنی­داری ارتقا یافته است. یافته­های به­دست آمده از تاثیر دوره آموزش کارآفرینی، تجربه کارآفرینی، و داشتن خانواده کارآفرین بر دانش، نگرش و نیت کارآفرینانه دانشجویان کشاورزی حکایت داشت. علاوه بر این، رابطه مثبت و معنی­داری بین متغیرهای دانش کارآفرینی و نگرش کارآفرینی با متغیر نیت کارآفرینانه دانشجویان مشاهده شد. در مجموع نتایج پژوهش، موضوع امیدبخش و انگیزه­آفرینی را نشان می­دهد که بالتبع، با بهبود قوانین و مقررات کارآفرینی و شاخص­های سهولت کسب­و­کار می­توان شاهد تبدیل نیت کارآفرینی افراد به فعالیت کارآفرینی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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