تحلیل ساختاری چندگانه رابطه بین کلیشه‌ها، صلاحیت‌ها و انگیزه‌های اکتساب نقش رهبری توسط مروجان کشاورزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان

2 استادیار گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور تهران

3 دانشیار ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

این تحقیق با دو هدف اصلی شامل تحلیل ساختاری کلیشه­های رهبری، صلاحیت­های رهبری، انگیزه‌های اکتساب نقش رهبری و بررسی نقش مداخله­گر جنسیت بر روابط بین این متغیرها انجام گرفت. این تحقیق با استفاده از نظرهای 303 مروج سازمان­های جهاد کشاورزی استان­های تهران، کرمانشاه و خراسان رضوی با روش پیمایشی با به‌کارگیری پرسشنامة ساختاریافته انجام گرفت. اطلاعات جمع‌آوری‌شده با استفاده از تکنیک چندمتغیرة مدل­سازی معادله‌های ساختاری تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد کلیشه­های رهبری و صلاحیت­های رهبری اثر معنی­داری بر انگیزه­های اکتساب نقش رهبری مروجان دارند، درحالی‌که ارتباط معنی­داری بین کلیشه­های رهبری و انگیزه­های اکتساب نقش رهبری وجود نداشت. همچنین، نتایج بیانگر آن بود که متغیر جنسیت دارای نقش مداخله­گر در ارتباط بین کلیشه­های رهبری با صلاحیت­های رهبری و انگیزه­های اکتساب نقش رهبری است. درواقع، براساس نتایج می­توان بیان کرد کلیشه­های رهبری، مردان را در توسعة صلاحیت­های رهبری و ارتقای انگیزه­های اکتساب نقش رهبری یاری می­کنند، درحالی‌که این ارتباط برای زنان منفی بود. هرچند ممکن است فشار کلیشه‌های فکری از بین نرود و تغییر آن‌ها امری زمانبر و نیازمند مذاکرات پایدار باشد، این مطالعه پیشنهاد می‌دهد ارائة برنامه­های آموزشی مرتبط برای اصلاح این کلیشه­های رهبری، راهکاری برای شروع فعالیت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Alderman, M. K. (2004). Motivation for achievement: possibilities for teaching and learning. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Allen, B. L. & Morton, L. W. (2006). Generating self-organizing capacity: leadership practices and training needs in non-profits. Journal of Extension, 44 (6), 12- 19.
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Razavieh, A. (2002). Introduction to research in education (sixth ed.). United States of America: Wadsworth, Thomson Learning.
Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory. Annals of child development, 6, 1-60.
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming (second ed.). New York, London: Taylor and Francis Group.
Burke, T. B. (2002). Defining competency and reviewing factors that may impact knowledge, percieved importance and use of competencies in the 4-H professional's job (doctoral dissertation)  Ph.D, North CarolinaUniversity Raleigh.  
Cannon, S. C. (2004). Supporting first-year college women in math, science, and related majors: A Career Development Intervention (Doctoral dissertation). Doctor of philosophy, North Carolina State University, United State.
Chauhan, J. (2007). Introduction to Agricultural Extension Education  Agricultural Extension Education. India: R. B. S. College, Bichpuri.
Connerley, M. L. & Mecham, R. L. (2008). Gender differences in leadership competences, expatriate readiness, and performance. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 23 (5), 300-316.
Fabusoro, E., Awotunde, J. A., Sodiya, C. I. & Alarima, C. I. (2008). Status of job motivation and job performance of field level extension agents in OgunState: Implications for agricultural development. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 14(2), 139-152.
Farmer, H. S. (1985). Model of career and achievement motivation for women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 32(3), 363-390.
Farmer, H. S. (1997). Women’s motivation related to mastery, career salience, and career aspiration: A multivariate model focusing  on the effects of sex role socialization. Journal of Career Assessment, 5(2), 355-381.
Goff, S., Lindner, J. R & Dooley, K. E. (2007). Organizational and leadership development: A case study of three coffee cooperatives in Rwanda. Paper presented at the Internationalizing with Cultural Leadership, May 20 to 24, Polson, Montana, Polson,Montana.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. United States of America Pearson prentice hall.
Hensley, L. (2002). The Influence of Gender Role and Gender Stereotyping on the Career Choice and Career Commitment of Adolescents. Retrieved 29 Jan, 2009 http:// www. samford.edu/schools/artsci/scs/hensley.html.
Ho, R. (2006). Handbook of univariate and multivariate data analysis and interpretation with SPSS. United States of America: Chapman & Hall/CRC, Taylor & Francis Group.
Hoyt, C. L. (2007). Women and leadership. In P. G. Northouse (Ed.), Leadership theory and practice (fourth ed.). Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: SAGE Publication.
Khalil, A. H. O. (2008). Relationships between extension competencies, organizational commitment and job satisfaction with performance of agricultural extension workers in Yemen (doctoral dissertation). Doctor of phylosophy, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor.
Khalil, A. H. O., Ismail, M., Suandi, T. & Silong, A.D. (2008). Extension worker as a leader to farmers: influence of extension leadership competencies and organizational commitment on extension workers’ performance in Yemen. Journal of International Social Research, 1(4),
368-387.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press.
Ladewig, H. & Rohs, F. R. (2000). Southern extension leadership development: Leadership development for a learning organization. Journal of Extension,, 38(3), 121- 129.
Leal, V. M. (2006). Predictors of non-traditional career self-efficacy in Mexican American adolescent women (doctoral dissertation). phd, The Ohio State University USA.
Luk-Fong, P. & Brennan, M. (2010). Women Teachers in Hong Kong: Stories o changing gendered identities. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 30(2), 2123-229.
Maccoby, M. (2000). Understanding the Difference Between Management and Leadership Research Technology Management, 43(1), 57-59.
Morse, R. S., Brown, P. W. & Warning, J. E. (2006). Catalytic leadership: reconsidering the nature of extension's leadership role. Journal of Extension, 44(2), 87- 93.
Muijs, D. (2004). Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS. London • Thousand Oaks • New Delhi: Sage
Nisha, M. (2006). Understanding extension education. New Delhi, India: Kalpaz Publications.
Northouse, P. G. (2007). Leadership theory and practice (fourth ed.). Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: SAGE Publication.
Pedhazur, E. (1982). Multiple regressions in behavioral research: Explanation and predication. New York, Reinhart & Winston.
Powell, G. N., Butterfield, D. A., & Parent, J. D. (2002). Gender and managerial stereotypes: have the times changed? Journal of Management, 28 (2), 177-193.
Powell, G. N., & Graves, L. M. (2003). Women and men in management. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
Rahim, M. S. & Asnarulkhadi, A.S. (2010). Community development through community capacity building: A social science perspective. Journal of American Science, 6(2), 68-76.
Rahim, M. S. (2010). Empowering of agricultural extensionists through knowledge and skill of the extension profession. Paper presented at the International Conference on Agricultural Extension, AGREX 10: Empowerment of Agri-Food Stakeholders in Facing Global Challenges Towards Sustainability Palm garden IOI hotel & resort, Malaysia.
Sadighi, H. (2006). Factors affecting agricultural extension personnel's motivation level. Paper presented at the 22nd Annual Conference of AIAEE "International Teamwork in Agricultural and Extension Education", May14 to19  Clearwater beach, Florida.
Scheer, S. D., Ferrari, T. M., Earnest, G. W. & Connors, J.J. (2006). Preparing extension professionals: The Ohio State University's model of extension education. Journal of Extension, 44(4); 56- 63.
Schwarz, M. H. & Jerry D, G. (2006). A need assessment of agricultural extension agents, specialists and program administrators in extension programming. Paper presented at the 22nd Annual Conference of AIAEE "International Teamwork in Agricultural and Extension Education", Clearwater beach, Florida, pp. 617-626.
Vijayaragavan, K., Singh, P. & Wason, M. (2005). Developing training modules for improving management skills of extension professionals. Paper presented at the 21st Annual Conference"Educational, Extension and Research Strategies for a Changing World", San Antonio, TX, pp. 13-24.
Williams, M. (2003). Making sense of social research London: SAGE Publication Ltd.