بررسی زمینه‌ها، دلایل و پیامدهای توسعه‌نیافتگی در استان کردستان (ارائه‌ی نظریه‌ی داده بنیاد در حوزه کشاورزی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• حسین دانش مهر ¹
• بهرام نصراللهی زاده ²

¹ گروه جامعهشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

² گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

چکیده

کلیدواژه‌ها

• استان کردستان
• توسعه‌نیافتگی
• توسعه‌ی محلی
• کشاورزی
• نظریه داده بنیاد

موضوعات

• اقتصاد کشاورزی، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، توسعه پایدار ، توسعه روستایی ، کارآفرینی و ....

Extended Abstract

Objectives

Iran, as a developing country, has faced challenges in achieving conventional economic growth and development objectives, and has experienced a shift towards significant negative factors during the course of planning and implementing economic programs. Extensive evidence suggests that the underdevelopment of peripheral and neighboring regions in Iran is a result of inappropriate and imbalanced development policies. Therefore, this research aims to address the central issue of identifying key factors and causes contributing to underdevelopment in border regions, specifically focusing on the Kurdistan province. The study examines the agricultural sector in Kurdistan province to explore critical areas and factors influencing the underdevelopment process.

Methods

This research draws on theories of socio-economic underdevelopment, local development, and grounded theory, along with agriculture-centered strategies emphasizing the Green Revolution. Contemporary development paradigms, particularly sustainable development, underscore the importance of locally-based and participatory approaches as strategies to combat underdevelopment. Participatory development approaches consider participation in development processes as a crucial variable for local development. In this study, development is defined as a multidimensional and time-oriented process aiming to empower and raise awareness in society by adopting context-specific approaches. The goal is to overcome barriers and enhance the quality of life through good governance and management that considers local development capacities, formulates policies, and implements them based on these capacities and advantages.

The research methodology employed is grounded theory. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with 17 experts, elites, activists, and officials in the agricultural sector of Kurdistan province. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the data and develop a conceptual model that illustrates the relationship between variables.

Results

The main outcome of this research is the paradigmatic model of agricultural underdevelopment in Kurdistan province. The model attributes agricultural underdevelopment to the direct and reciprocal relationship between traditional livelihood activities and modern activities, as well as the neglect of the province's agricultural capacities and inadequate coordination among responsible development organizations. Factors contributing to agricultural underdevelopment are found in areas such as inheritance laws, land fragmentation, and the traditional agricultural system. Additional intervening factors include inadequate continuous training, lack of educational and promotional workshops, weak financial capacity of the private and public sectors for investment in the agricultural field, stringent loan conditions, and a lack of participation and investment culture in the industrial sector, particularly agricultural and processing industries. Consequences of this situation include the neglect of agro-industrial transformation and branding of agricultural products in the province, absence of driving forces for sectoral development, and ultimately, marginalization of agricultural sector capacities in the provincial development process. Key strategies to overcome this situation involve the adoption of development policies and programs aimed at increasing productivity, diversifying agricultural products, and implementing activities.

Discussion and Conclusion

The development of agriculture in Kurdistan province necessitates specific programs and policies focused on mobilization and capacity development. Emphasizing the development of value-added processing for products with relative advantages, enhancing productivity, and implementing infrastructure projects such as agricultural processing and complementary industries are of primary importance. However, these objectives can only be achieved with a clear vision and coherent long-term policies.