مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی کشاورزان دشت بیلوار نسبت به مصرف پایدار آب: تحلیل گروه‌های چندگانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی ، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

3 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی و مدرس دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

تقویت رفتار مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی کشاورزان برای مصرف پایدار آب به‌عنوان سازه‌ای حیاتی در دستیابی به توسعه‌ی پایدار کشاورزی شناخته شده است. پژوهش‌ها در این حوزه تمرکز خود را بیشتر بر مدل‌های رفتاری قرار داده‌اند و از نقش مهم ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناختیِ گروه‌های چندگانه‌ در تبیین این رفتار غفلت کرده‌اند. بنابراین هدف این پژوهش میدانی که داده‌های آن با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌ای محقق‌ساخته گردآوری شد، بررسی سطح مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی کشاورزان دشت بیلوار در قبال مصرف پایدار آب با توجه به برخی از مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناختی آنها بود (3500 =N). روش نمونه‌گیری از نوع انتساب متناسب در دو دهستان رازآور و میان‌دربند بود (263 =n). روایی و پایایی ابزار پژوهش از طریق تشکیل پانل متخصصان و به‌کارگیری آماره‌های میانگین واریانس استخراجی (AVE)، ضریب آلفای کرونباخ، پایایی ترکیبی (CR) و شاخص rho-A تأیید شد. یافته‌های تحلیل عاملی مرتبه‌ی دوم نشان داد که از میان ابعاد چهارگانه‌ی مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی، بُعد مسئولیت‌پذیری اقتصادی (با بار عاملی 695/0) بیشترین سهم را در تبیین رفتار مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی کشاورزان در قبال مصرف پایدار آب دارد. یافته‌های تحلیل واریانس یک‌‌طرفه حاکی از آن بود که تفاوت معنی‌داری در سطح یک درصد خطا بین سطح مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی کشاورزان با توجه به سطح درآمد آنها وجود دارد؛ به‌طوری‌که با افزایش درآمد کشاورزان میزان مسئولیت‌پذیری آنها به‌شکل معنی‌داری کاهش می‌یافت. یافته‌های تحلیل واریانس تک‌متغیره نیز نشان داد که علیرغم اثرگذاری مثبت و معنی‌داری متغیر نگرش بر رفتار مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی کشاورزان، اثر تعاملی آن با متغیر «میزان درآمد» بر متغیر وابسته معنی‌دار نیست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

Extended Abstract

Objective

It is not surprising if soon water will become the most valuable commodity in the country’s economic growth. Therefore, its sustainable exploitation can largely guarantee the economic growth and as a result political independence of a country. However, evidence in Iran indicates allot of crisis such as decreasing in agricultural productivity, scarcity of groundwater, increase in vulnerability of rural communities, and unsustainability in the ecosystems which many of them rooted in the lack of responsibility among farmers to sustainable use of water. Accordingly, the farmers social responsibility in sustainable use of water became a new research stream among scholars around the world. During this time, they have more focused on the behavioral models and emphasis on components such as attitude, knowledge, social norms, values and so on in explaining individuals’ behaviors. This is even though demographic characteristics can play a fundamental role in explaining farmers' behavior which scholars have paid little attention to them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is investigating the farmers’ social responsibility in sustainable use of water according to some of their most important demographic characteristics. A researcher-made questioner was used for data collection. Finally, data were analyzed using Smart-PLS 3.0, Excel 2019, and IBM-SPSS 2022 software.

Methods

As the findings of the study provide a comprehensive view of socio-cultural characteristics affecting farmers social responsibility behavior which change agents can use of them in their action plan to achieving sustainable agriculture, the study is an applied study in its nature. Data of this non-experimental research were collected via survey in a certain period (2022-2023). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to data collection which its reliability and validity confirmed by experts’ panel, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, average variance extracted (AVE), Composite reliability (CR), and rho-A statistics. The statistical population included of farmers in Bilevar plain, Kermanshah, Iran (N= 3500). From them, 251 farmers were selected as statistical sample using stratified random sampling method in Razavar and Mian Darband districts.

Results

Finding of second-order factor analysis showed that the economic responsibility with loading 0.695 has the largest contribution in explaining farmers social responsibility to sustainable use of water, followed by humanistic responsibility (with loading 0.674), ethical responsibility (with loading 0.595), and legal responsibility (with loading 0.405).

The results of the independent t-test with assuming equality of variances indicated that non-indigenous farmers in compare with indigenous farmers significantly have a lower level social responsibility in sustainable use of water. The results of the ANOVA analysis showed that there is a significant difference between farmers’ social responsibility to sustainable use of water according to their annual incomes; So that with the increase in the farmers' income, their responsibility decreased significantly. Finally, the result of the univariate variance analysis showed that despite positive and significant effect of farmers’ attitude on their social responsibility behavior to sustainable use of water, its interactive effect with the farmers income don’t have a significant effect on their actual behavior.

Discussion

     Profit seeking and acquiring more many among farmers neutralizes the significant effect of attitude on farmers social responsibility. Therefore, it can be argued that the farmers’ behavioral patterns for sustainable use of water do not always follow the mechanisms of changing beliefs, attitude, and values. In other words, beside psychological components there are many elements such as profit seeking play a fundamental role in explaining farmers sustainable-oriented behaviors. Change agents in agricultural extension sectors can use the finding of this research to driving farmers to achieve sustainable agriculture goals. 

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تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران
دوره 55، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 15-37

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