بررسی تأثیر اسکان بر معیشت پایدار عشایر در شهرستان سمیرم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد توسعه روستائی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 کارشناس، اداره امور عشایر شهرستان سمیرم، سمیرم، ایران

چکیده

یکی از راهبردهایی متنوع­سازی معیشت در جامعه عشایری، اسکان عشایر و ایجاد سکونتگاه­های دائمی عشایر بوده است، در حالی که تاکنون ارزیابی دقیقی از تأثیر آن بر معیشت پایدار خانوارهای عشایری انجام‌ نشده است. هدف این تحقیق بررسی تأثیر اسکان بر معیشت پایدار عشایر در شهرستان سمیرم بود. طرح تحقیق حاضر شبه­آزمایشی و بر مبنای راهبرد پیمایشی به انجام رسید. جامعه آماری شامل عشایر اسکان‌یافته (تعداد 350 خانوار) و کوچ‌رو (تعداد 4845 خانوار) بود. از طریق فرمول کوکران از هر گروه 150 نفر به عنوان نمونه‌های تحقیق انتخاب شدند. روش نمونه­گیری در این تحقیق از نوع تصادفی طبقه­ای با انتساب متناسب در درون دو کانون اسکان و پنج طایفه عشایری بود. نتایج نشان داد تفاوت معنی‌داری بین دو گروه خانوارهای اسکان‌یافته و کوچرو در خصوص سرمایه‌های فیزیکی، طبیعی و مالی و کل دارایی معیشتی وجود دارد. نتایج آزمون فریدمن نشان داد که مهمترین راهبردهای معیشتی برای عشایر اسکان یافته کسب درآمد از فعالیت‌های کارگری، رانندگی و کشاورزی و برای عشایر کوچرو کسب درآمد از فروش دام زنده و محصولات دامی است. ارزیابی روندهای آسیب‌پذیری نشان داد که مواردی از قبیل افزایش فرصت کاری درآمدزا، افزایش سطح درآمد و قدرت خرید خانوار اهمیت بیشتری در کاهش آسیب­پذیری عشایر کوچرو داشته­اند. همچنین مواردی مانند افزایش ساخت و ساز و آبادانی، امنیت در محل و انسجام و همبستگی بین خانواده­ها اهمیت بیشتری در کاهش آسیب­پذیری عشایر اسکان‌یافته داشته­اند. به علاوه مواردی مانند تورم و گرانی و تغییرات قیمت گوشت اهمیت بیشتری در افزایش آسیب‌پذیری برای هر دو گروه داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating The Effect of The Settlement on The Sustainable Livelihoods of The Nomads in Semirom County

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tahereh Qarqani 1
  • Gholamhossein Abdollahzadeh 2
  • Mohammad Sharif Sharifzadeh 2
  • Iraj Dehghan 3
1 Ms.C Student of Rural Development, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Associated Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Expert, Department of Nomadic Affairs of Semiram County, Semirom, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the strategies for diversification of livelihood in nomad society has been the settlement of nomads and the establishment of permanent nomad settlements while, its impact has not yet been accurately assessed on the sustainable livelihood of nomad housholds. This research aimed to investigate the impact of nomads’ settlement on sustainable livelihoods in Semirom County. The research design was semi-experiment and carried out based on survey strategy. The target population of study included two groups of nomadic tribes (N=4845) and settled nomads (N=350). Through Cochran formula 150 households from each group were selected as research samples. The sample was selected by stratified appropriate sampling technique within 2 settlement sites and 5 nomad tribes. Results showed that natural and financial capitals and total assets were lesser than average and in inappropriate position among both nomads groups. Results of Independent t-test indicated that there are significant difference between two groups of households regarding physical, natural, financial capital and total assets. Assessing vulnerable trends indicated that some items such increased employment opportunities, enhanced income and family purchase power have more importance to decrease vulnerability among nomad households. While some items such increased in construction and development, enhanced local security and increased family solidarity and union have more importance to decrease vulnerability among settled households. Moreover items such inflation and increased prices and variation in meat price have more importance to increase vulnerability among two group of households.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sustainable Livelihoods
  • Nomad Settlement
  • Nomadic Society
  • Livelihood Approach
  • Semirom County

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تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران
دوره 53، شماره 4
دی 1401
صفحه 919-934

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