شناسایی و واکاوی کنشگران شبکه نوآوری ایمنی غذایی کشاورزی ایران: کاربرد رویکرد تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آموزش کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد، ترویج و توسعه کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

جمعیت جهان پیوسته در حال افزایش است به طوری که سازمان ملل متحد پیش‌بینی کرده است که جمعیت از هفت میلیارد نفری جهان به هشت میلیارد در سال 2025 و 6/9 میلیارد در سال 2050 افزایش خواهد یافت. نیاز به تأمین مواد غذایی به توجه به نرخ رشد جمعیت همچنین افزایش 20 درصدی مصرف سالانه مواد غذایی در دهه اخیر باعث به کارگیری حداکثری از زمین‌های زراعی، کودها و سموم شیمیایی و تغییر ژنتیکی برای افزایش تولید محصولات غذایی کشاورزی شده است. این امر موجب ایجاد مشکلات زیست‌محیطی، آلودگی اکوسیستم و مهم‌تر از آن آلودگی مواد غذایی و ناامنی تغذیه و به خطر افتادن سلامت انسان و بروز انواع بیماری‌ها، مسمومیت‌ها و سرطان‌ها شده است. از مهم‌ترینمهم‌ترین منابع ایجاد مزیت رقابتی در این راه، ظرفیت نوآوری است که با وجود اهمیت بالای آن، موفقیت نیازمند دسترسی به دانش جدید است. با توجه به هزینه‌بر و زمان‌بر بودن خلق دانش جدید توسط یک سازمان مجزا و اینکه همه دانش مورد نیاز نوآوری و افراد باهوش، نوآور و خلاق در یک سازمان وجود ندارند، به کارگیری شبکه نوآوری متشکل از کنشگران مختلف مرتبط با ایمنی غذایی راه‌کاری مناسب و مفیدی جهت استفاده حداکثر از دانش جهت خلق نوآوری در این زمینه می‌باشد. این پژوهش با بهره‌گیری از روش تحقیق کیفی- کمی انجام شده است. جهت جمع‌آوری اطلاعات و شناسایی شبکه نوآوری ایمنی غذایی از روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی و مصاحبه عمیق با متخصصان و کارشنان در سازمان‌/شرکت‌های مرتبط با ایمنی غذایی کشاورزی در بخش کیفی و از پرسشنامه در بخش کمی تحقیق استفاده گردید. پس از شناسایی شبکه نوآوری با طراحی پرسشنامه حاصل از بخش کیفی با جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از جامعه کارشناسان و متخصصان حوزه ایمنی غذایی به دنبال ترسیم روابط مابین کنشگران و بررسی شاخص‌های شبکه با استفاده از نرم‌افزار UCINET می‌باشد. یافته‌های این پژوهش 21 سازمان را به عنوان کنشگران این شبکه شناسایی نمود که هشت کنشگر از جمله سازمان غذا و دارو، گروه صنایع غذایی و سایر کنشگران اصلی و مرکزی و همچنین 13 کنشگر دیگر از جمله گروه بهداشت و ایمنی غذایی، آزمایشگاه کنترل کیفیت سازمان غذا و دارو و سایر کنشگرانی پیرامونی بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران
دوره 53، شماره 3
مهر 1401
صفحه 647-670

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