ارزیابی و تحلیل مزیت‌های‌نسبی، رقابت‌پذیری و آثار سیاست‌های حمایتی محصولات منتخب پهنه‌های اقتصادی-کشاورزی افغانستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 استاد و وزیر زراعت، آبیاری و مالداری جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان، کابل، افغانستان

چکیده

بخش کشاورزی محور رشد و توسعه اقتصادی افغانستان و بخش راهبردی در تأمین غذا و معیشت جمعیت رو به رشد آن است. توجه به مزیت­های ­نسبی و رقابتی منطقه­ای محصولات این بخش از جنبه­های مهم تخصیص کارآمد منابع محدود و برنامه­ریزی و سیاست­گزاری تولید و تجارت است. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی مزیت­های نسبی، رقابتی و آثار سیاست­های حمایتی ملی و بین­المللی محصولات منتخب هر پهنه اقتصادی-کشاورزی از جمله گندم آبی و دیم، ذرت، برنج، پنبه، سیب­زمینی، زعفران و خشخاش در سال زراعی 98-1397  می‌پردازد. برای دستیابی به این هدف از دو نوع شاخص­های هزینه­ای (تحت ماتریس تحلیل سیاستی PAM) و فیزیکی (مزیت­های کارایی، مقیاس و جمعی) برای تعیین مزیت و همچنین از شاخص­های حمایتی و توان رقابتی استفاده شد و بر اساس آن­ها اقدام به اولویت­بندی محصولات گردید. نتایج نشان می­دهد، با وجود حمایت از کشاورزان در بخش نهاده­های قابل تجارت، سیستم تولید غیرحمایتی بوده، همراه با تحمیل مالیات می­باشد. عدم توجه به شاخص­های مزیت­نسبی و رقابتی و سطح­ پایین آن­ها، لزوم اتخاذ سیاست­های مناسب حمایتی در جهت پیشبرد تولید و صادرات محصولات دارای مزیت­نسبی و رقابتی و اقدامات لازم در جهت افزایش عملکرد و کاهش هزینه­های تولید برای محصولات استراتژیک فاقد مزیت نسبی را ضروری می­نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران
دوره 53، شماره 2
تیر 1401
صفحه 301-323

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