بسط اخلاقی نظریه رفتار برنامه‌ریزی شده برای پیش‌بینی قصد کشاورزان در انجام اقدامات حفاظت از منابع آب در شهرستان زنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 استادیار گروه، ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

آب یکی از ضروری‌ترین اجزای محیط طبیعی و در عین حال از اصلی­ترین نهاده­های بخش کشاورزی به شمار می­آید که کمبود آن بسیاری از جوامع را با چالش­های جدی مواجه کرده است. در این زمینه، بسیاری از محققان و صاحب‌نظران، انسان را محور برنامه‌های حفاظت از منابع آب دانسته و بر این باورند که حفظ منابع آب در گرو درک دقیق مؤلفه­ها و سازه­های تأثیرگذار بر تمایلات و رفتارهای حفاظتی بهره­برداران در بخش­های مختلف، به ویژه بخش کشاورزی است. با توجه به اهمیت موضوع، هدف اصلی این تحقیق توصیفی- همبستگی شناسایی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر قصد کشاورزان در انجام اقدامات حفاظت از منابع آب بر مبنای مدل بسط‌یافته رفتار برنامه­ریزی شده بود. جامعه آماری این تحقیق کشاورزان بخش مرکزی شهرستان زنجان بودند که 330 نفر از آنها با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی برای انجام تحقیق انتخاب شد. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه بر مبنای مدل بسط یافته رفتار برنامه­ریزی شده استفاده گردید. روایی صوری پرسشنامه با نظر پانلی از متخصصان مورد تأیید قرار گرفت و روایی سازه و پایایی ترکیبی ابزار تحقیق نیز از طریق برآورد مدل اندازه­گیری و پس از انجام اصلاحات لازم به دست آمد. نتایج تجربی تحقیق نشان داد که متغیرهای اصلی مدل پایه نظریه رفتار برنامه­ریزی شده شامل نگرش، کنترل رفتاری درک شده و هنجارهای اجتماعی اثر مثبت و معنی­داری بر قصد انجام اقدامات حفاظت از منابع آب داشتند و در حدود 45 درصد از واریانس آن را تبیین کردند. افزون بر این، پس از وارد کردن متغیر هنجارهای اخلاقی در مدل رفتار برنامه­ریزی شده، قدرت پیش­بینی این مدل در حدود شش درصد افزایش یافت. بر اساس یافته­های پژوهش، اعطای تسهیلات و اعتبارات مالی و ارائه مشاوره­های فنی از سوی کارشناسان، اجرای برنامه­های آگاهی­سازی اجتماعی در مقیاس بزرگ و برجسته کردن اهمیت حفاظت از منابع آب به عنوان یک هنجار اخلاقی مهم، از اصلی­ترین پیشنهادهای این پژوهش در راستای بهبود قصد کشاورزان در انجام اقدامات حفاظت از منابع آب هستند.

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