بررسی رفتار اقتصادی گندم‌کاران کرمانشاه برای کاهش آثار منفی زیست‌‌محیطی کودهای شیمیایی (کاربرد روش ارزش گذاری مشروط)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

بخش کشاورزی به­عنوان زیربنای اصلی تحقق امنیت غذایی، از مهم­ترین بخش­های اقتصادی جوامع محسوب می­شود. امروزه، رشد سریع جمعیت و افزایش تقاضا برای مواد­غذایی در دنیا، باعث افزایش فشار بر منابع­طبیعی و وابستگی شدید به مصرف نهاده­های شیمیایی در فعالیت­های کشاورزی شده است. کشاورزی متعارف که در آن تمرکز تولید افزایش استفاده از نهاده­های شیمیایی مانند انواع کودهای شیمیایی است، نه تنها باعث کاهش کیفیت منابع آب، خاک و کیفیت محصولات تولیدی می­گردد، بلکه سلامت مصرف­کنندگان را نیز با خطر مواجه می­نماید. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی رفتار اقتصادی کشاورزان گندم­کار شهرستان کرمانشاه در مورد برنامه­های کنترل آثار منفی زیست­محیطی کودهای شیمیایی با استفاده از روش ارزش­گذاری مشروط و در قالب تمایل به پرداخت کشاورزان می­باشد. برای این منظور، تعداد 245 نفر از کشاورزان گندم کار این شهرستان با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شده و داده­های مورد نیاز از طریق پرسشنامه جمع­آوری گردید. روایی محتوایی پرسشنامه توسط 20 نفر از اساتید و کارشناسان مورد بررسی و تایید قرار گرفت و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای بررسی پایایی پرسشنامه 838/0 محاسبه گردید. بر اساس نتایج تحقیق، میانگین تمایل به پرداخت کشاورزان برای کاهش آثار منفی زیست­محیطی کودهای شیمیایی معادل 1585 ریال برآورد گردید. برای بررسی عوامل موثر بر تمایل به پرداخت کشاورزان از الگوی لاجیت استفاده شد و نتایج حاصل از آن نشان داد که متغیرهای توضیحی تحصیلات و نگرش کلی کشاورزان نسبت به خطرات استفاده از کود شیمیایی در سطح پنج درصد از لحاظ آماری تاثیر مثبت و معنی‌دار بر تمایل به پرداخت کشاورزان دارند و متغیرهای سن و مالکیت زمین از لحاظ آماری تاثیر معنی­داری بر تمایل به پرداخت کشاورزان ندارند. 

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