تعیین الگوی کشت بهینه محصولات زراعی در واحدهای تولیدی با تحلیل مزیت نسبی منطقه‌ای و ملی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران، و پژوهشگرو مرکز تحقیقات توسعه و امور نخبگان سازمان اتکا، تهران،‌ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد، مدیر مجتمع کشاورزی ورامین، سازمان اتکا، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناسی ارشد، معاونت تولید شرکت مزارع نوین ایرانیان، سازمان اتکا، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تعیین الگوی بهینه کشت محصولات زراعی در یک واحد کشاورزی در شهرستان پیشوا بر مبنای تحلیل مزیت نسبی، هدف این مطالعه بود. برای دست‌یابی به این هدف، شاخص‌های فیزیکی مزیت نسبی تولید به همراه مزیت صادراتی محصولات زراعی و گلخانه‌ای محاسبه شد. پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و بر پایه مطالعات میدانی بود. داده‌های لازم برای محاسبه شاخص‌های مزیت نسبی از طریق پرسشنامه، مصاحبه با کارشناسان واحد تولیدی و گزارش‌های آماری وزارت جهاد کشاورزی ایران و سازمان فائو بدست آمد. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که الگوی کشت فعلی واحد تولیدی ورامین دارای مزیت مقیاس، کارآیی و جمعی بوده و از این­رو الگوی فعلی کشت باید حفظ شود. تحلیل مزیت نسبی محصولات گلخانه‌ای در سطح منطقه‌ای نیز نشان داد که محصولات خیار، فلفل دلمه‌ای رنگی و گوجه فرنگی دارای مزیت نسبی در سطح استان تهران هستند. شاخص مزیت نسبی صادرات نیز نشان داد که محصولات خیار، فلفل دلمه‌ای رنگی و گوجه فرنگی گلخانه‌ای به همراه انواع کلم (برگ، گل و بروکلی) دارای مزیت صادراتی در سطح ملی هستند. بنابراین الگوی بهینه کشت واحد کشاورزی با حفظ الگوی کشت فعلی به همراه افزودن محصولات گلخانه‌ای دارای مزیت در سطح منطقه‌ای و محصول کلم دارای مزیت تولید و صادرات در سطح ملی بدست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining an Optimal Agronomic Cropping Pattern in Productive Units by analyzing the Regional and National Comparative Advantages

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yaser Mohammadi 1
  • Morteza Shalalvand 2
  • Kourosh Rezapour 3
1 Assistant Prof. of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran and Center of Advance Research and Development of Elite Affairs, ETKA Organization, Tehran, Iran
2 Graduate MSc., Manager of Varamin Agricultural Complex, ETKA Organization, Tehran, Iran
3 Graduate MSc.Production Deputy of Iranian Modern Farms Holding, ETKA Organization, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The main objective of this study was to determine an optimal cropping pattern in a productive unit located in Pishva County based on regional and national comparative advantage analysis. In order to achieve this goal, the physical indices of the comparative advantage of production including scale advantage, efficiency advantage, and aggregative advantage with the export advantage of both agronomic and greenhouse crops were calculated. The research was an empirical study based on field survey. Data were gathered through a questionnaire, interview with experts from Varamin Agricultural unit and statistical reports from the Ministry of Jihad-Iran Agriculture and FAO. The results of the study showed that the current cropping pattern of Varamin production unit has scale, efficiency and aggregative advantage and therefore the current farming pattern should be continued. These crops also had efficiency advantage in regional level according to Pishva County cropping pattern Analysis. The analysis of the comparative advantage of greenhouse products at the regional level showed that cucumber, colored pepper and tomatoes had comparative advantage in the province of Tehran. The revealed comparative advantage also showed that cucumbers, colored peppers and greenhouse tomatoes, along with cabbage (leaves, flowers and broccoli), have an export advantage at the national level. Therefore, the optimal cropping pattern of the agricultural unit can be reached through continuing the current cropping pattern along with the addition of greenhouse products with regional advantage and cabbage crop with national and export advantage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Optimal Cropping Pattern
  • Comparative Advantage
  • Agricultural Unit
  • Scale Advantage
  • Efficiency Advantage

مراجع

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تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران
دوره 49، شماره 4
دی 1397
صفحه 719-734

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