چالش‌های نظام ترویج کشاورزی در سازگاری با تغییر اقلیم: دیدگاه کارشناسان کشاورزی استان فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه پیام نور

2 دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

اقلیم در حال تغییر است و پیش‌بینی‌های مختلف نیز حاکی از تسریع روند تغییر اقلیم در آینده می‌باشد. در­صورتی‌که کشاورزان و ساکنان مناطق روستایی از توانایی و ظرفیت مناسب برای رویارویی با ریسک ناشی از تغییر اقلیم برخوردار نباشند، خسارات جبران‌ناپذیری بر پیکره بخش کشاورزی و جامعه روستایی وارد خواهد شد. نظام‌های ترویجی می‌توانند نقش به­سزایی در افزایش سازگاری کشاورزان با تغییر اقلیم داشته باشند. لذا، این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی چالش‌های نظام ترویج کشاورزی در رویارویی با تغییر اقلیم و تبیین مهارت‌های حرفه‌ای مورد نیاز عاملین ترویجی به‌منظور افزایش سازگاری کشاورزان با تغییر اقلیم انجام شده است. بدین‌منظور نسبت به انجام مصاحبه‌های اکتشافی و گروهی متمرکز با 40 تن از کارشناسان ترویجی استان فارس اقدام شد. افزایش نوسانات اقلیمی، انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای، کاهش آب کشاورزی، کاهش مواد آلی خاک، کاهش عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی و ضعف دانش و آگاهی کشاورزان در زمینه تغییر اقلیم از چالش‌های نظام ترویج در رویارویی با پدیده تغییر اقلیم بود، اما محدودیت‌های ساختاری و انسانی ترویج را از سازگاری با تغییر اقلیم باز می‌داشت. این در حالی است که برخورداری عاملین ترویجی از مهارت‌های دانشی- اطلاعاتی، فردی- حرفه‌ای، ارتباطی، اجتماعی- روان‌شناختی و پژوهشگری مناسب نقش بسزایی در افزایش سازگاری کشاورزان با تغییر اقلیم دارد.   

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Challenges of Agricultural Extension Systems in Adaptation to Climate Change: The Perception of Fars Agricultural Specialists

چکیده [English]

Climate is changing and various scenarios indicate accelerated climate change in the future. If farmers and rural residents’ capacities do not enhance to adapt to the impacts of climate change, the impacts will overwhelm on agriculture and rural communities. Extension systems can play an important role in agricultural adaptation to climate change. The aim of this research was to explore the challenges of agricultural extension systems in climate change adaptation. The paper also identified the required competencies of extension agents in adaptation to climate change. A combination of exploratory and focus groups interview was used to gather data from 40 extension experts of Fars Province. Changing precipitation and temperature, increasing GHG emissions, reducing agricultural water resources, decreasing concentration of organic nutrients in the upper layers of the soil, increasing inter-annual variability of crop yields, and knowledge gaps were the main challenges of extension systems in adapting climate change. However, human and structural factors had limited the extension system’s capacity to adapt to climate change. This study verifies that professional supporting extension agents with appropriate knowledge and information, communication, social and psychological, and research related skills can promote adaptation to climate change.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • climate change
  • Adaptation
  • Extension systems
  • Extension agents
  • Skills

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تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران
دوره 47، شماره 2
شهریور 1395
صفحه 453-466

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