چالش‌های نظام ترویج کشاورزی در سازگاری با تغییر اقلیم: دیدگاه کارشناسان کشاورزی استان فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه پیام نور

2 دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

اقلیم در حال تغییر است و پیش‌بینی‌های مختلف نیز حاکی از تسریع روند تغییر اقلیم در آینده می‌باشد. در­صورتی‌که کشاورزان و ساکنان مناطق روستایی از توانایی و ظرفیت مناسب برای رویارویی با ریسک ناشی از تغییر اقلیم برخوردار نباشند، خسارات جبران‌ناپذیری بر پیکره بخش کشاورزی و جامعه روستایی وارد خواهد شد. نظام‌های ترویجی می‌توانند نقش به­سزایی در افزایش سازگاری کشاورزان با تغییر اقلیم داشته باشند. لذا، این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی چالش‌های نظام ترویج کشاورزی در رویارویی با تغییر اقلیم و تبیین مهارت‌های حرفه‌ای مورد نیاز عاملین ترویجی به‌منظور افزایش سازگاری کشاورزان با تغییر اقلیم انجام شده است. بدین‌منظور نسبت به انجام مصاحبه‌های اکتشافی و گروهی متمرکز با 40 تن از کارشناسان ترویجی استان فارس اقدام شد. افزایش نوسانات اقلیمی، انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای، کاهش آب کشاورزی، کاهش مواد آلی خاک، کاهش عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی و ضعف دانش و آگاهی کشاورزان در زمینه تغییر اقلیم از چالش‌های نظام ترویج در رویارویی با پدیده تغییر اقلیم بود، اما محدودیت‌های ساختاری و انسانی ترویج را از سازگاری با تغییر اقلیم باز می‌داشت. این در حالی است که برخورداری عاملین ترویجی از مهارت‌های دانشی- اطلاعاتی، فردی- حرفه‌ای، ارتباطی، اجتماعی- روان‌شناختی و پژوهشگری مناسب نقش بسزایی در افزایش سازگاری کشاورزان با تغییر اقلیم دارد.   

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع

  1. Abbasi, M. (1996). Symbols of effectiveness of rural extension. Jihad Magazine, 182-183(2), 19-25 (In Farsi).
  2. Anaeto, F.C., Asiabaka, C.C., Nnadi, F.N., Ajaero, J.O., Aja, O.O., Ugwoke, F.O., Ukpongson, M.U., & Onweagba, A.E. (2012). The role of extension ofiicers and extension services in the development of agriculture in Nigeria, Wudpecker. Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(6), 180-185.
  3. Asadi, A., Mosavi, S., Saadi, H., & Pishbin, A. (2004). Necessary competencies for animal extension agents. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34(2), 333-343 (In Farsi). 
  4. Azizi Khalkhili, T., & Zamani, Gh. (2012). Meta-analysis of required competencies of agricultural agents. Fourth Congress of Extension and Education in Agriculture and Natural Resources Management. Tehran, Iran (In Farsi).
  5. Babaei, M., Alibeigi, A., Gholami,, & Pourmardani, A. (2013). Critical investigation of educational programs of agricultural extension. Research on Management of Agricultural Education, 24: 30-41 (In Farsi).
  6. Boyd, B. (2004). Extension agents as administrators of volunteers: Competencies needed for the future. Journal of Extension, 42(2), 23-31.
  7. Cooper, A.W. & Graham, D.L. (2001). Competency needed to be successful county agent and county supervisors. Journal of Extension, 39(1), 45-51. 
  8. Davis, K.E. (2009). Agriculture and climate change: An agenda for negotiation on Copenhagen “The important role of extension systems”. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, USA.
  9. Falkenmark, M. (2007). Global warming: Water the main mediator. Stockholm International Water Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.  
  10. FAO (2005). Impact of climate change, pests and diseases on food security and poverty reduction. Special event background document for the 31st session of the Committee on World Food Security, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 23-26 May 2005.   
  11. Ford, J.D., & Berrang-Ford, L. (2011). Introduction. In J.D. Ford, & L. Berrang-Ford (Eds.), Climate Change Adaptation in Developed Nations: From Theory to Practice (pp. 3-20). Springer, New York.
  12. Fussel, H.M. (2009). An updated assessment of the risks from climate change based on research published since the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Climatic Change, 97(3–4), 469-482.
  13. Ghafari, J., & Hosseini, M. (2007). Investigation of professional skills that required for extension agents of western provinces of Iran. Jihad, 293, 293-306 (In Farsi).
  14. Ghanian, M., & Zamani, Gh. (2003). Factors affecting on job satisfaction of extension agents in Azarbaiejan Gharbi, Kordestan and Kermanshah. Scientific Journal of Agriculture, 26(1), 93-103 (In Farsi). 
  15. Gunawansa, A. (2010). The Kyoto protocol and beyond: A south Asian Perspective. In K. Kheng-Lian, L. Lin-Heng, & J. Lin (Eds.), Crucial Issues in Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol: Asia and the World (pp. 473-504). World Scientific Publishing Co, Singapore.
  16. Heydari, A., Hosseini, M. & Shahbazi, E. (2007). Comparing the characteristics of extension agents in the Ministries of Agriculture and Jihad-Sazandegi in order to prioritize and determine the optimal characteristics for agricultural extension system. Journal of Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Science, 2(2), 17-29 (In Farsi).
  17. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; IPCC (2007). Climate change- impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Combination of working group JP II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
  18. Karami, E. (2012). Climate change, resilience and poverty in the developing world. Paper presented in a conference on Culture, Politics and Climate change, hosted at the University of Colorado Boulder, September 13-15.
  19. Kobzev , A., & Borodina, O. (2001). Developing sustainable agricultural extension services: Conceptual issues and policy implications for Ukraine policies and agricultural development in Ukraine, 20 pages. 
  20. Leeuwise, C. (2006). Communication for Rural Innovation: Rethinking Agricultural Extension, 3rd edition. The Netherlands Publishing.
  21. Lincoln, Y.S., & Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage, Newbury Park.
  22. Molen, M.K., Dolman, A.J., Ciais, P., & Eglin, T. (2011). Drought and ecosystem carbon cycling. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151(7), 765- 773.
  23. Murphy, T. & Bruening, T. (2006). A cross-national study of agricultural extension and education competencies. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 10(1), 51-59.
  24. Mustapha, S.B., Undiandeye, U.C., & Gwary, M.M. (2012). The role of extension in agricultural adaptation to climate change in the Sahelian zone of Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2(6), 48-58.
  25. Namdar, R., Pezeshkirad, G., & Chizari, M. (2011). Professional competencies required by the Ministry of Agriculture evaluation experts. Journal of Agricultural Education Management, 12(1), 23-31 (In Farsi).
  26. Nelson, G.C. (2009). Agriculture and climate change: An agenda for negotiation in Copenhagen. 2020 Focus, No. 16. Retrieved from http://www.ifpri.org/ 2020/focus/focus16.asp.
  27. Oven, M. (2004). Defining key sub-competencies for agricultural extension workers. Journal of Extension, 44(2), 33-39. 
  28. Ozor, N. (2009). Implications of climate change for national development: The way forward. Debating policy options for national development, Enugu Forum Policy paper 10, African Institute for Applied Economics, Enugu, Nigeria, 25-42.  
  29. Ravindranath, N.H., & Sathaye, J.A. (2003). Climate Change and Developing Countries. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
  30. Rezaei, M., & Shabanali Fami, H. (2009). Motivation of local extension agents for participation in agricultural extension activities. Third Congress of Extension and Education in Agriculture and Natural Resources Management. Mashhad, Iran (In Farsi).
  31. Rezaei, R., Ghadimi, A., Eshaghi, R., & Vedadi, E. (2012). An Investigation of the Competencies Needed by Extension Workers as from the Viewpoints of Agricultural Extension Personnel, Ardabil Province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 43(3), 473-482 (In Farsi).
  32. Robert, T. (2006). Competencies and traits of successful agricultural science teachers. Journal of Technical Education, 22(2), 1-11.
  33. Shabanali Fami, H., Mohammadzadeh Nasrabadi, M., Rasouli, F., & Morid Sadat, P. (2007). Factors determining professional competencies of public and local extension agents in agricultural extension system of Iran. Jihad, 124 (In Farsi).  
  34. Shahpasand, M., & Bagheri, A. (2011). A Survey of the Effects of Technical- Vocational Education (during Years 2000-2004) on Staffs' Professional Skills the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 42(1), 129-141 (In Farsi).
  35. Sharifi, M., Hosseini, M., Iravani, H., & Sharifzadeh, A. (2010).  Investigating Factors Influencing the Facilitation Competency of Agricultural Extension Experts. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 41-2(2), 243-255 (In Farsi).
  36. Singh, I., & Grover, J. (2013). Role of extension agencies in climate change related adaptation strategies. International Journal of Farm Sciences, 3(1), 144-155.
  37. Soltani, S., & Zarifian, S. (2009). Extension Agents' Characteristics that Affect Meeting Farmers' Satisfaction (Case Study, Pishva, Varamin). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 40(1), 149-155 (In Farsi).
  38. Souri, S., & Pezeshki Rad, Gh. (2012). An Identification of Difficulties and Limiting Factors Influencing Agricultural Extension Education Activities from the viewpoint of Agricultural Extension Experts. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 43(2), 241-252 (In Farsi).
  39. Stake, R.E. (2006). Multiple Case Study Analysis. The Guilford Press, New York. 
  40. Stevan, L., King, J.A., Ghere, G., & Minnema, J. (2005). Establishing essential competencies for program evaluators. American Journal of Evaluation, 26(1), 43-59.
  41. Stott, P.A., Gillett, N.P., & Hegerl, G.C. (2010). Detection and attribution of climate change: A regional perspective. Wiley Interdisciplinary Review of Climatic Change, 1(2), 192-211.
  42. Tong, S., & Soskolne, C.L. (2007). Global environmental change and population health: progress and Challenges. EcoHealth, 4(3), 352-362.
  43. Yin, R.K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publication.
تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران
دوره 47، شماره 2
شهریور 1395
صفحه 453-466

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار