بررسی اثر سیاست قیمت‌گذاری محصولات کشاورزی بر ارزش اقتصادی آب (مطالعۀ موردی: زراعت چغندرقند در شهرستان نیشابور)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

2 کارشناس ارشد دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

تعیین قیمت آب معادل ارزش اقتصادی آن، نقش عمده‌ای در مدیریت تقاضای آب، به‌ویژه در شرایط بحران کم‌آبی اخیر دارد. قیمت محصول، جزئی اساسی در تعیین ارزش اقتصادی آن است؛ بنابراین، اتخاذ سیاست‌های حمایتی صحیح در زمینة قیمت­گذاری محصولات، اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. در این راستا، هدف از مطالعة حاضر تحلیل اثر سیاست قیمت تضمینی محصول چغندرقند بر ارزش واقعی آب و تخصیص بهینة آن در شهرستان نیشابور است. به­این‌منظور، ابتدا فرم تابعی مناسب و منطبق بر فناوری تولید این محصول براساس معیارهای اقتصادسنجی با استفاده از اطلاعات مربوط به 95 کشاورز در سال 1389- که با روش نمونه‌گیری دومرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند- تعیین و تولید نهایی آب محاسبه شد. سپس ارزش اقتصادی آب، با درنظرگرفتن قیمت‌های تضمینی مختلف در چند سناریو تحلیل شد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد تابع تولید ترانسلوگ بهترین فرم تابعی است. ارزش اقتصادی آب براساس قیمت‌های سال 1389، معادل 5/1430 ریال به‌ازای هر مترمکعب برآورد شد که تفاوت عمده‌ای با قیمت پرداختی کشاورزان دارد. همچنین، نتایج بیانگر آن است که اعمال قیمت‌های تضمینی مختلف برای چغندرقند، به تفاوت‌های شایان توجهی در ارزش اقتصادی آب منجر می‌شود؛ بنابراین، برای افزایش بازدهی مصرف آب، قیمت تضمینی محصولات کشاورزی باید با احتیاط بیشتری تعیین شود تا با انعکاس ارزش واقعی آب، از اتلاف آن جلوگیری شود.

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