شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر امنیت غذایی خانوارهای شهری و روستایی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد اقتصاد کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

امنیت غذایی، نخستین اصل برای حفظ سلامت جامعه است تا افراد در زمینة توسعة سیاسی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی ایفای نقش کنند؛ بنابراین، بررسی وضعیت امنیت غذایی جامعه و شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر آن اهمیت بسزایی دارد تا بتوان راهکارهای سیاستی و حمایتی مناسبی برای بهبود وضعیت تغذیة اقشار ضعیف جامعه ارائه کرد. در پژوهش حاضر، عوامل مؤثر بر امنیت غذایی خانوارهای شهری و روستایی کشور، با استفاده از اطلاعات هزینه- درآمد خانوار و کاربرد مدل لوجستیک، شناسایی و ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان داد در هر دو مدل شهری و روستایی، متغیرهای تعداد اعضای خانوار و تعداد سرپرست­های باسواد و مشغول­به­تحصیل خانوار، اثر منفی و معناداری بر امنیت غذایی دارند. همچنین، در مدل روستایی، تحصیلات دانشگاهی به افزایش آگاهی سرپرست خانوار از کیفیت مواد غذایی و بهبود وضعیت امنیت غذایی منجر می‌شود، اما این متغیر در مدل شهری، اثری منفی بر امنیت غذایی دارد. کشش متغیر درآمد خانوار در مدل شهری (03/0) کمتر از مدل روستایی (102/0) است که اهمیت و جایگاه سیاست‌های درآمدی در مناطق روستایی را به‌منظور حمایت از خانوارهای کم‌درآمد و بهبود امنیت غذایی نشان می‌دهد. در مناطق شهری نیز کشش پایین درآمدی در احتمال بهبود امنیت غذایی خانوار نشان می‌دهد ارتقای دانش تغذیه و کاربرد صحیح مواد غذایی، در مقایسه با افزایش درآمد خانوار شهری، اهمیت بیشتری دارد. همچنین، بررسی سهم درآمدهای کشاورزی نشان می‌دهد اهمیت این متغیر در مناطق روستایی بیش از مناطق شهری است و بخش مهمی از تأمین امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی را شامل می‌شود.

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