شناسایی انگیزه‏ های کارآفرینانۀ دانشجویان کشاورزی: کاربرد مقیاس‏ بندی چندبعدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه ترویج و توسعة روستایی دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی

2 دانشیار گروه ترویج و توسعة روستایی دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی

چکیده

هدف کلی این پژوهش که با روش آمیخته انجام گرفت، شناسایی و تحلیل انگیزه‏های کارآفرینانۀ دانشجویان کشاورزی بود. جامعۀ پژوهش در بخش کیفی شامل دانشجویانی است که در پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی برای ایجاد کسب و کارهای کارآفرینی اقدام کرده بودند. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش در بخش کمّی شامل تمام دانشجویان سال چهارم کارشناسی رشته‏های کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی است (N=186) که 164 نفر از آن‏ها به روش نمونه‏گیری تصادفی طبقه‏ای با انتساب متناسب انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی پژوهش برای جمع­آوری داده­ها در بخش کیفی مصاحبه و در بخش کمّی پرسشنامه­ بود. یافته‏ها نشان داد میزان انگیزۀ‏ کارآفرینانۀ دانشجویان کشاورزی بالاتر از متوسط است. براساس نتایج مقایسۀ میانگین­ها، بین میزان انگیزه‏های کارآفرینانۀ دانشجویان کشاورزی براساس متغیرهای جنسیت، شرکت یا شرکت‌نکردن در دوره‏های آموزش کارآفرینی، داشتن یا نداشتن الگو، رشتة تحصیلی، خودکارآمدی کارآفرینی و نگرش به کارآفرینی اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت. نتایج تحلیل مقیاس‏بندی چندبُعدی، انگیزه‏های کارآفرینانۀ دانشجویان کشاورزی را در دو بُعد «انگیزه‏های اقتصادی کارآفرینانه» و «انگیزه‏های روان‌شناختی کارآفرینانه» در فضا نمایش داد. نتایج این مطالعه دستاوردهای مناسبی برای کمک به برنامه­ریزان نظام آموزش عالی کشاورزی در راستای ارتقای انگیزه‏های کارآفرینانۀ دانشجویان کشاورزی دارد.

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