تبیین الگوی تاب‌آوری معیشت پایدار باغداران استان‌همدان در مواجهه با تغییراقلیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران

2 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

10.22059/ijaedr.2024.364759.669253

چکیده

یکی از راهبردهای اساسی تقویت معیشت پایدار جوامع محلی در برابر بحران­های زیست­محیطی از جمله تغییراقلیم، افزایش میزان تاب­آوری این جوامع در برابر اختلال و آشفتگی ایجاد شده در سیستم­های اکولوژیکی می­باشد. از این­رو تحقیق­حاضر با هدف تبیین الگوی تاب­آوری معیشت پایدار باغداران استان­همدان در مواجهه با تغییراقلیم، انجام­شد. جامعه­آماری تحقیق را تمامی باغداران استان­همدان، تشکیل می­دهند(53785=N). حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول Krejci & Morgan، 380 نفر تعیین و برای نمونه­­گیری از روش نمونه­گیری مرحله­ای، استفاده ­شد. در این پژوهش وضعیت الگوی تاب­آوری معیشت پایدار باغداران استان­همدان در مواجهه با تغییراقلیم با استفاده از  ابزار پرسش‌نامه و بهره­گیری از نرم­افزار‌های آماریSPSS22  و  SMART PLS3 مورد واکاوی قرارگرفت و باتوجه به شاخص­های محاسبه­شده، پایایی و روایی مدل تأییدگردید. درمجموع بر پایه میانگین 22/3 از 5 (انحراف معیار=01/1)، می­توان نتیجه گرفت که وضعیت تاب­آوری معیشتی باغداران در مواجهه با تغییرات اقلیمی در استان همدان در سطح متوسط ارزیابی می­شود. نتایج حاصل از رویکرد مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری، حاکی از آن است که هنجارهای زیست­محیطی(691/0=β) و ظرفیت سازگاری با نوسانات­اقلیمی (606/0=β)، تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر تاب­آوری معیشت­پایدار باغداران استان­همدان در مواجهه با تغییراقلیم، دارد. براساس مدل می­توان اظهارنمود که متغیر نگرش زیست­محیطی باغداران استان­همدان تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر باورهای زیست­محیطی آنان (567/0=β)، دارد. این در حالی است که دلبستگی­مکانی باغداران استان­همدان دارای تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر ظرفیت سازگاری آنان با نوسانات­اقلیمی (610/0=β) و نگرش زیست­محیطی آنان در مواجهه با تغییراقلیم (617/0=β)، می­باشد. همچنین براساس نتایج متغیر آگاهی زیست­محیطی باغداران استان همدان تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر ظرفیت سازگاری آنان با نوسانات­اقلیمی (536/0=β) و متغیر باورهای زیست­محیطی باغداران استان­همدان نیز تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر هنجارهای زیست­محیطی آنان در مواجهه با تغییراقلیم (667/0=β) دارد. درمجموع براساس یافته­ها 72/0 از تغییرات متغیر وابسته­ تاب­آوری معیشت­پایدار باغداران استان­همدان در مواجهه با تغییراقلیم به­صورت مستقیم و یا غیرمستقیم توسط متغیرهای مستقل نگرش زیست­محیطی، آگاهی­های زیست­محیطی، باورهای زیست­محیطی، هنجارهای زیست­محیطی، دلبستگی مکانی و ظرفیت سازگاری با نوسانات­اقلیمی کنش­گران مزبور تبیین می­گردد. یافته­های این تحقیق در راستای سیاستگذاری­های اصولی و برای برنامه ریزی و تصمیم گیری در راستای توسعه­ی تاب­آوری و پایدارسازی معیشت باغداران استان همدان در مواجهه با تغییراقلیم می­تواند مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Extended Abstract

Introduction

One key strategy to enhance the sustainable livelihoods of local communities in the face of environmental challenges such as climate change is to boost their resilience to disruptions within ecological systems. Accordingly, this study sought to elucidate the resilience model of gardeners' sustainable livelihoods in Hamadan province confronted with climate change.

 

Methodology

     In terms of paradigm, this research is quantitative research, based on the purpose of applied research, and in terms of controlling the studied variables, it is a non-experimental type that was conducted as a survey. According to the application of structural equation modeling to examine and analyze the conceptual model of research, the method of this research is of the causal-relational type and variance-covariance matrix analysis. Considering that the priority garden products in Hamadan province include blue grapes, apples, walnuts, pears, peaches, apricots, cherries and cherries, and these products account for 65% of the total production of garden products in Hamadan province. They suffer irreparable damages against climate change. Therefore, the socio-statistics of the research includes all the gardeners producing the aforementioned garden products in Hamadan province, whose number is 53785 (N=53785). The sample size was determined using the table of Krejcie & Morgan (1970), 380 people. The sampling method of the research was staged, and the sample size was randomly stratified according to the city where the gardener was active. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was prepared in 2 parts. The first part was related to the personal and professional characteristics of the studied gardeners, and the second part was based on the research objectives and included items for measuring the independent and dependent variables of the research. After completing the questionnaires, the obtained information was analyzed using SPSS22 and Smart PLS3 statistical software in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics.

 

Results

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that on average, with a mean of 3.22 out of 5 (standard deviation=1.01), it can be deduced that the resilience of farmers in facing climate change in Hamadan province is assessed at a moderate level. Furthermore, based on the research findings and according to the coefficient of determination, 0.72 of the variability of the final dependent variable, the sustainable livelihood resilience of farmers in Hamadan province in facing climate change, is explained directly or indirectly by independent variables including environmental attitudes, environmental awareness, environmental beliefs, environmental norms, spatial attachment, and capacity to adapt to climate variations of the mentioned farmers (R2=0.72). The results from the structural equation modeling approach indicate that environmental norms (β = 0.691) and capacity to adapt to climate variations (β = 0.606) have a positive and significant impact on the sustainable livelihood resilience of farmers in Hamadan province in facing climate change. Additionally, according to the results, the environmental attitudes of farmers in Hamadan province have a positive and significant influence on their environmental beliefs (β=0.567). This is while farmers' spatial attachment has a positive and significant effect on their capacity to adapt to climate variations (β=0.610) and their environmental attitudes in facing climate change (β=0.617). Based on the results, the variable of environmental awareness of farmers in Hamadan province has a positive and significant impact on their capacity to adapt to climate variations (β=0.536), and the variable of environmental beliefs of farmers in Hamadan province also has a positive and significant effect on their environmental norms in facing climate change (β=0.667).

 

Conclusion

The findings of this research can be used for policy making and planning and decision-making in order to develop resilience and stabilize the livelihood of gardeners in Hamadan province in the face of climate change. In this regard, one of the important roles that the institutional department of agricultural promotion and education in the Departments of Agricultural Jihad and Environment of Hamadan province can play is to create capacity, encourage and motivate villagers to carry out resilient activities in the face of climate change, which can improve Their environmental belief and appropriate behavior to improve their resilience in the face of climate change should be effective.

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