بررسی تمایل صیادان عضو تعاونی‌‌های پره برای مشارکت در گردشگری شیلات در مناطق ساحلی دریای خزر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

گردشگری شیلات سبکی نسبتاً جدید از گردشگری در بسیاری از کشور‌ها است که با ادغام دو بخش گردشگری و شیلات توانسته است منافع بسیاری را برای هر دو بخش به ارمغان بیاورد. گردشگری شیلات می‌تواند شرایط را برای دید مشترک بین گردشگران و مردم محلی ایجاد کند. برای ایجاد و توسعه گردشگری شیلات، مشارکت جامعه محلی و از جمله جامعه صیادان به عنوان یکی از مهمترین گروه‌های مرتبط با گردشگری شیلات، ابزاری مؤثر و عنصری مهم در نظر گرفته می‌شود. ازجمله مهمترین پیش‌نیازهای مشارکت جوامع در توسعه گردشگری شیلات، تمایل این جوامع به مشارکت است. بنابراین این پژوهش با هدف کلی بررسی تمایل صیادان به مشارکت در گردشگری شیلات و عوامل تأثیرگذار بر آن انجام شده است. این مطالعه از نظر هدف کاربردی، به لحاظ نحوه گردآوری اطلاعات توصیفی و از نظر تحلیل، همبستگی بوده و با اتکا بر نظریه تجزیه رفتار برنامه‌ریزی شده، انجام پذیرفته است. جامعه آماری در این تحقیق صیادان عضو تعاونی‌های پره در مناطق ساحلی دریای خزر بودند (9594N=) . با توجه به پراکندگی صیادان در سه استان گلستان، مازندران و گیلان، حجم نمونه مورد مطالعه به تعداد 209 نفر صیاد تعیین و نمونه­ها با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری چند مرحله‌ای تصادفی انتخاب شدند. جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در این پژوهش با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته انجام شد که بر اساس چارچوب نظری تحقیق و مبتنی بر نظریه تجزیه رفتار برنامه‌ریزی شده طراحی شده است. نتایج نشان داد که صیادان عضو تعاونی‌های پره صیادی در مناطق ساحلی دریای خزر تمایل بالایی برای پذیرش و مشارکت در اجرای گردشگری شیلات دارند. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که مشارکت در برنامه "تماشای بازارچه‌‌های ‌محلی فروش آبزیان توسط گردشگران شیلات« بالاترین میزان تمایل در بین همه فعالیت‌های گردشگری شیلات را در بین صیادان تعاونی‌های پره دارد. آن‌‌ها همچنین ابراز کردند که تمایل زیادی دارند در برنامه‌هایی برای »تماشای صید پره و تورکشی» مشارکت کنند. «اقامت گردشگران در خانه صیادان و یا نزدیکان و بومیان محلی و آشنا شدن با فرهنگ‌‌ها و رسوم و صنایع دستی شیلاتی جوامع صیادی محلی» و همچنین همکاری برای «شرکت کردن گردشگران در جشنواره‌‌های ‌محلی مرتبط با شیلات»، از دیگر فعالیت‌هایی بود که صیادان تمایل بالایی به مشارکت در آن‌‌ها داشتند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

Extended Abstract

Objectives

To identify the factors affecting the intention of fishermen to participate in fisheries tourism in the Caspian Sea Coastline, it is necessary to conduct exploratory research so that finally solutions can be proposed to attract fishermen to participate in fisheries tourism. Therefore, this research was conducted with the main purpose of investigating the intention of fishermen to participate in fisheries tourism and the factors affecting it. The results of this research can be very significant. First of all, Iran has not made any progress in this field, despite its great potential in the field of tourism and fisheries. Therefore, the results of this study can be used by tourism and fisheries policymakers. Secondly, this research develops the literature on fisheries tourism in Iran. Because the review of tourism literature shows that so far, no separate and comprehensive research has been done on fisheries tourism in Iran. Finally, the results of this research determine what principles and items should be considered in planning and implementation for the development of fisheries tourism in the Caspian Sea Coastline.

 

Methods

This research is practical in terms of purpose, is descriptive-correlational in terms of analysis, and has been carried out through a survey relying on the DTPB. The statistical population of this research were fishermen who were members of beach seine cooperatives in the Caspian Sea Coastline (N=9594). The sample size was determined to be 209 fishermen. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire based on the DTPB. The questionnaire was validated based on the views of experts and the reliability of the questionnaire calculated based on Coronbach Alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed using SPSS27.

 

Results

The results of the research showed that fisheries tourism can increase the employment rate of young people and women in coastal areas, it plays a role in creating added value for local fishing products, traditional fishing and handicrafts, and developing environmental activities, from the point of view of the fishermen studied. In addition, fisheries tourism can preserve and strengthen the customs of the region. The results of the total average variable of resource facilitating conditions showed that there are enough attractions in the studied area for fisheries tourism and the climate of this area is suitable for fisheries tourism. The average score of the intention for fisheries tourism by the fishermen who are members of beach seine cooperatives in the Caspian Sea Coastline was 3.59. The results showed that the item "I would like to take fishing tourists to see the local fish markets" with an average of 4.36 was assigned the highest rank among the items related to the intention of fishermen in fisheries tourism. After that, the item "I tend to take tourists to watch beach seine fishing and throwing nets " with an average of 4.18, and the item "I tend to have tourists stay at my home or local natives and learn about the cultures, traditions and fishing crafts of local fishing communities" with an average of 4.01, and the item "I am willing to cooperate for the participation of tourists in local festivals related to fisheries" with an average of 3.92 was in the next ranks. The results of multiple regression showed that the three variables of attitude, mental norm and perceived behavioral control are able to explain nearly half of the percentage changes of the tendency variable (0.498).

 

Discussion

One of the most important aspects of the concept of fisheries tourism is local fishermen as providers of fisheries tourism services. Fishermen will look for logical reasons to do or not do any action, behavior and action to accept fisheries tourism in addition to their fishing work as a source of income that will reduce the pressure on marine resources. According to the results, it is essential to provide various facilities to fishermen to start fisheries tourism. The use of practical methods will be more welcomed by the fishing community to increase the knowledge and skills of fishermen. It is suggested that by benefiting from the opinions of key and influential people in the Caspian Sea Coastline, the role of those around fishermen should be used in persuading them to accept fisheries tourism. The comparison of fishermen's intention to activities and attractions of fisheries tourism and the feasibility of these activities shows that there is a great similarity between the ranking of activities and attractions of fisheries tourism in terms of the intention of fishermen to accept and participate in it and their understanding of the feasibility of that activity. Fishery tourism policymakers and planners should keep in mind that before starting the development of fisheries tourism in the Caspian Sea Coastline, fishermen and local groups should be well justified regarding the benefits of fisheries tourism from the economic, environmental and social aspects.

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تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران
دوره 54، شماره 4
دی 1402
صفحه 761-788

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