پیشبینی عوامل مؤثر برقصد کشاورزان در استفاده ایمن از پسابهای شهری در مزارع ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

استفاده نامحدود از پساب شهری با کیفیت محدود در مزرعه، سلامت کشاورزان و مصرف‌کنندگان محصولات آبیاری شده با پساب را به خطر می‌اندازد. اگر کشاورزان پارامترهای مربوط به استفاده ایمن از پساب شهری مانند الگوی کشت متناسب با کیفیت پساب، استفاده از روش آبیاری مناسب و رعایت فاصله آخرین آبیاری با پساب تا برداشت محصول را اجرا کنند، میزان آلودگی به حداقل می‌رسد. بنابراین، ایده اصلی این مطالعه تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر استفاده ایمن از پساب شهری در مزرعه توسط 217 کشاورز کشاورز ایرانی-مشهد است. در این راستا از نظریه گسترده رفتار برنامه ریزی شده  با افزودن درک خطر و دانش به عنوان چارچوب نظری مطالعه استفاده شده است. نتایج تحلیل الگو‌سازی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که سه زیر مؤلفه از الگوی اصلی نظریه رفتار برنامه‌ریزی شده یعنی نگرش، هنجار ذهنی و کنترل رفتار درک شده  از نظر آماری روابط مثبت و معناداری با قصد مشارکت کشاورزان در استفاده ایمن از پساب داشتند و به طور کلی 63 درصد از واریانس آن را توضیح دادند. علاوه بر این، پس از گنجاندن دو متغیر درک خطر و دانش به عنوان پیش‌بینی‌کننده قصد در الگو توسعه‌یافته نظریه رفتار برنامه‌ریزی شده، قدرت پیش‌بینی الگو افزایش یافت. همچنین مهم‌ترین متغیر در الگو نظریه رفتار برنامه ریزی شده اصلی کنترل رفتار درک شده بود، اما در الگو نظریه رفتار برنامه ریزی شده توسعه یافته، دانش بیشترین اهمیت را داشت. بنابراین سیاست‌گذاران با تأکید بر دانش کشاورزان می‌توانند رفتارهای ایمن را در استفاده از پساب شهری در مزرعه را ترویج دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Extended Abstract

Introduction

In many countries, especially developing countries, due to water shortages, the use of Municipal effluent on agricultural farms has increased dramatically. However, due to the high costs of municipal wastewater treatment, the produced effluent is not of high quality, while the unlimited use of limited quality municipal effluents on the farm endangers the health of farmers and Consumers of products irrigated with Municipal effluent. Pollution can be minimized if farmers implement parameters related to the safe use of Municipal effluent, such as the cultivation pattern appropriate to the quality of the effluent, the use of appropriate irrigation methods and the distance between the last irrigation and the effluent to harvest. Therefore, the main idea of this study is to determine the factors affecting the safe use of Municipal effluent on the farm by Iranian farmers.

 

Materials and Methods

In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling (SEM) with Smart Pls and excel software was used. Structural equation modeling is a powerful set of multivariate analysis techniques that determine the relationships between variables using measurement model and structural model. The measurement model examines the relationships between hidden variables and observed variables. The measurement model examines the relationships between latent variable and observed variables. While the structural model evaluates the relationships between latent variables Which allows testing statistical hypotheses for study.

 

Results and Discussion

The results of structural equation model (SEM) analysis showed that the main components of the theory of planned behavior had a positive and significant effect on farmers' intention to use Municipal effluent safely on the farm. Also, the results of the extended planned behavior theory showed that by adding risk perception and knowledge, the predictive power of the model about farmers' behavioral intent to use Municipal effluent safely increases. In other words, in addition to the variables of attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms, the two variables of risk perception and knowledge can be the main variables predicting responsible behaviors in the safe use of wastewater. Therefore, highlighting the  farmers' risk  perception and knowledge can greatly reduce the negative effects of Municipal effluent use on the farm.

 

Suggestion

Based on the findings, given the importance of knowledge, this study suggests that providers of short training courses should increase the content related to the safe use of Municipal effluent. Therefore, it is necessary to hold meetings and educational-promotional courses related to the safe use of effluent on the farm and to encourage farmers to participate in these courses. In Iran, for example, such content can be taught to farmers through government-sponsored agricultural extension centers.

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