تعیین‌کننده های امنیت غذایی خانوارهای عشایر ایل قشقایی در استان فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 بخش اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

جامعه عشایری با تولید30 درصد گوشت قرمز کشور در تامین امنیت غذایی جامعه نقش دارد، اما بررسی سطح تغذیه و امنیت غذایی این جامعه تولید کننده کمتر مورد توجه بوده است. در مطالعه حاضر، امنیت غذایی خانوارهای ایل قشقایی با شاخص FCS محاسبه و تعیین کننده های امنیت غذایی این گروه خانوارها با الگوی لاجیت ترتیبی مشخص گردید. داده ها از طریق نمونه گیری تصادفی، به روش مصاحبه حضوری250 پرسشنامه در دوره قشلاق سال 1399 تکمیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که 6/33درصد از خانوارها دارای امنیت غذایی بالا، 2/29 درصد دارای امنیت غذایی پایین و 2/37درصد ناامنی غذایی دارند. متغیرهای درآمد، تعداد دام، تنوع درآمد، دسترسی به زیرساخت ها، تحصیلات سرپرست خانوار و اتومبیل شخصی، با امنیت غذایی خانوار نسبت مستقیم و متغیرهای بعد خانوار، نسبت وابستگی و فاصله منطقه عشایری تا بازار مواد غذایی با امنیت غذایی خانوار نسبت معکوس دارند. از بین عوامل موثر بر وضعیت امنیت غذایی خانوارها، متغیرهای تنوع درآمد و دسترسی به زیرساخت ها بیشترین تاثیر مثبت و متغیرهای نسبت وابستگی و بعد خانوار بیشترین تاثیر منفی را بر امنیت غذایی خانوارها دارند. در انتها پیشنهاد گردید جهت بهبود وضعیت امنیت غذایی جامعه مورد مطالعه، افزایش دسترسی به زیرساخت های اصلی (آب پایدار، برق، خانه بهداشت سیار و تلفن همراه) این جامعه در دستور کار سیاستگذاران و متولیان این جامعه تولید کننده باشد و در کنار آن در جهت ارتقاء سطح تحصیلات افراد اقدام گردد و آموزشهای ترویجی در راستای بهبود رژیم غذایی و تنوع درآمد این خانوارها نیز پیشنهاد گردید. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Extended Abstract

Objective

Food security has a significant role in measuring the quality of people’s lives and is an essential index for evaluating economic development. It is the cornerstone of the developed society's intellectual, mental, and physical health. Meanwhile, Qashqai tribe nomadic households based on pastoral livelihood produce 30% of the country’s red meat and have important roles in food security. While the study of food security of these households to achieve the quality of their life has less attended. the food security of the Fars Qashqai tribe nomadic households, which have the largest nomadic population, was evaluated in two sections. At first food security of Qashqai tribe nomadic households was determined by the FCS index and finally determinants of food security were determined.

 

Method

Data were collected using random sampling and 250 questionnaires from the studied households in 2021. The FCS index was calculated and determinants of food security were determined using the Order Logit model.

 

Result

The results of the food security assessment using the FCS index indicated that 33.6% of the households have high food security, 29.2% have low food security, and 37.2% suffer from food insecurity. Also, with the increase of FCS, the share of dairy products, animal proteins, and legumes in households' diets increased, and sugar and fat shares in the diet decreased. Fish consumption was observed only in the group of high food security households. Therefore, these households pay the most attention to improving the quality of their diet. Vegetables and fruits have the lowest share in all three food security groups, but in the high food security, dairy products, and the low food security and insecurity households, basic foods, including cereals and starches, have the largest share in the household food basket. The results of the food security determinants by the Ologit model showed that the variables of income, number of livestock, income diversity, access to infrastructure, head of household education, personal vehicle, and percentage of people educated in the household are directly related to food security. The variables of household size, dependency ratio, and distance from the nomadic area to the food market are inversely related to household food security. The marginal effects of the variables indicate that income diversity (-0.149) and access to infrastructure (-0.132) have the most positive impact, and the variables of dependency ratio (0.181) and household dimension (0.094) have the most negative impact on the food security of these households.

 

Discussion

Developing and increasing access to key infrastructures such as sustainable water, electricity, mobile health homes, and mobile phones is proposed in policies and planning for this community. Improving the level of education and promoting and developing non-livestock occupations to diversify income will also help increase the food security of these productive households.

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