عوامل مؤثر بر رفتار سازگاری کشاورزان در برابر سیل (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان الیگودرز)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

2 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

سیلاب ها اثرات زیادی بر جنبه‌های زندگی خانوارهای روستایی، مخصوصاً خانوارهایی که معیشت آن‌ها وابسته به کشاورزی است، دارند. در جریان وقوع سیل، خسارت‌های اقتصادی و اجتماعی بسیاری به کشاورزان و معیشت آن ها وارد می‌شود. بنابراین برای کاهش خسارات و افزایش انعطاف پذیری کشاورزان نسبت به پیامدهای منفی سیل، اتخاذ استراتژی‌های سازگاری با سیل ضروری می باشد. آگاهی در مورد ادراکات، نگرش‌ها و رفتار کشاورزان نسبت به سیل می‌تواند آسیب‌پذیری آن‌ها را کاهش دهد و واکنش سازگاری آن‌ها را در برابر سیل افزایش دهد. بنابراین هدف این تحقیق بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر رفتار سازگاری کشاورزان نسبت به سیل با استفاده از تئوری انگیزش حفاظت بود. نمونه مورد مطالعه شامل 384 نفر از کشاورزان شهرستان الیگودرز بود که به روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای سه مرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. نتیجه مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که متغیرهای حساسیت درک شده، شدت درک شده، هزینه های پاسخ، کارآمدی پاسخ وخودکارآمدی درک شده 38 درصد از تغییرات رفتار سازگاری کشاورزان در برابر سیل را تبیین کردند. همچنین متغیر خودکارآمدی درک شده با مقدار 31/0 بیشترین اثر را بر رفتار سازگاری کشاورزان در برابر سیل داشت. یافته‌های این مطالعه می تواند به سازمان های اجرایی همچون جهاد کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کمک کند تا در رابطه با اطلاع رسانی و آموزش به کشاورزان در جهت سازگاری با سیل  اقدام کنند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Extended Abstract

Objectives

Iran is located in a disaster-prone region, and faces many natural disasters every year; from storms and floods to earthquakes. In recent years, Iran has faced a significant increase in the occurrence of disasters mainly due to the emergence of human climate changes (Seddighi and Seddighi, 2020). The increase in the frequency of floods has caused severe damage to society from financial, social, and physical aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt flood adaptation strategies to reduce damages and increase the resilience of rural households against the negative consequences of floods. Adaptable behavior will allow farmers to reduce the costs of climate change and even invest in new opportunities. Identifying factors influencing farmers' adaptation behavior can help policymakers to intervene and address the future challenges of sustainable development and climate change. A clear understanding of the factors influencing farmers' decision-making is essential. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the adaptation behavior of farmers to floods in Aligudarz county.

Methods

The study used the descriptive survey design. The statistical population of this study included all farmers of Aligudarz Township (N=15925). The sample size using Cochran's formula was 384 people. A three-stage cluster sampling method was used to select the samples.A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data.  To measure the validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of expert panels in the fields of agricultural extension, rural development, and climatology were used to improve the questionnaire.To measure the validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of expert panels in the fields of agricultural extension, rural development and climate change were used, and their opinions were taken into account to improve the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaires was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS25 and Smart PLS3 software.

 

Results

The results of the farmers' adaptation behaviors ranking showed that the adaptation behaviors of "diversity in livelihood activities", "diversification of crops" and "agricultural products insurance" are ranked first based on the average. While the behavior of " changing in crop type and variety " ranks last with the lowest average. The results showed that the variables of perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, response costs, response efficiency, and perceived self-efficacy explain 0.38 of the variable changes in the adaptation behavior of farmers to floods. The results of the structural model showed that the variable of perceived self-efficacy with an influence coefficient of 0.31 has the greatest effect on the adaptation behavior of farmers. After that, the variables of response efficiency (β=0.30), perceived intensity (β=0.27), perceived sensitivity (β=0.25) and response costs (β=0.21) have an effect on farmers' adaptation behavior, respectively.

 

Discussion

The test of the first hypothesis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the perceived sensitivity of farmers and adaptive behavior. Perceived sensitivity means how much the farmer believes that he will suffer from the negative consequences of the flood. In other words, farmers who directly perceive the vulnerability of flood damage such as house destruction, damage to fields and gardens, loss of livestock, and loss of crops, are more likely to implement flood adaptation measures. This result was consistent with the findings of Delfiyan et al (2021) and Haden et al (2012). Also, according to the results of the second hypothesis test, there was a positive and significant relationship between farmers' perceived intensity and adaptive behavior. This finding was in line with the results of Savari Mombeni et al (2022) and Asrat & Simane (2018). Therefore, it can be said that the perceived severity of the danger is one of the psychological dimensions affecting adaptation behavior. Perceived severity refers to the negative consequences that a person associates with an event or outcome such as a flood. If farmers understand the harm caused by floods such as damage to the farm, destruction of property and assets, loss of livestock, and health problems, they are more likely to show adaptive behaviors. Finally, according to the results of the hypothesis test, there was a positive and significant relationship between response self-efficacy and farmers' adaptive behavior. This finding was in line with the research results of Arbuckle et al (2013) and Ghanian et al (2020).

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