طراحی و تبیین الگوی مفهومی توانمندسازی روانشناختی از دیدگاه کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی ایران: با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای کیفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

توانمندسازی روانشناختی یکی از موضوع‌های مهم مورد علاقه محققان مدیریت منابع انسانی و عاملی مهم در پیشگویی و درک رفتار سازمانی است. پژوهش حاضر در پی شناسایی عوامل موثر بر توانمندسازی روانشناختی کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی ایران بود. روش تحقیق تحلیل محتوا کیفی با رویکرد متعارف بود و بنابر ضرورت از روش نمونه‌گیری نظری (مصاحبه با مدیران و کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی به تعداد 16 نفر) استفاده شد. تحلیل داده ها به کمک نرم افزار مکس کیودا نسخه 12 منجر به استخراج 83 کد و چهار طبقه شامل عوامل فردی و شخصیتی زمینه ساز توانمندسازی روانشناختی (با 5 زیرطبقه)، زمینه سازمانی توانمندسازی روانشناختی (با 7 زیرطبقه)، عوامل ساختاری زمینه ساز توانمندسازی روانشناختی (با 6 زیرطبقه) و عوامل محیطی زمینه ساز توانمندسازی روانشناختی (با 4 زیرطبقه) شد. در پایان پیشنهادهایی برای توانمندسازی روانشناختی کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی ارائه شد. نتایج این مطالعه می تواند دستاوردهایی برای مدیران، سیاست گذاران و برنامه ریزان نیروی انسانی در نظام ترویج کشاورزی و جوامع دانشگاهی به دنبال داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Extended Abstract

The rapid changes in the environment, the growing trend of global competition and the continuous decrease in the productivity of human resources have forced organizations to search for a way to continue their survival. The field of competition is found in specialized, creative and motivated human resources. In this connection, one of the topics that has attracted the attention of researchers and management thinkers in recent years, especially in service organizations (such as agricultural extension), is psychological empowerment.

Psychological empowerment is mentioned as the most appropriate option in order to increase productivity and organizational development, which can guarantee increased efficiency.

 

 

Objective

The main problem of the present research is what factors help to improve the psychological empowerment of Iran's agricultural extension experts, in other words, what factors make agricultural extension experts, while feeling self-worth and self-efficacy, their capacity and power by aligning their goals They are used with the goals of the organization and strengthening the sense of competence in order to fulfill the mission of the agricultural extension system.

The aim of the current research is to identify the components and factors affecting the psychological ability of agricultural promotion experts in order to provide solutions to improve and improve their psychological ability. The organization can use the potential abilities of experts in order to improve and strengthen the psychological empowerment of the agricultural promotion human force in order to be more productive.

 

Methods

In terms of purpose, the present study is applied and in terms of methodology, it is classified as a qualitative research that uses the content analysis method. The participants of this research consisted of the managers and experts of the agricultural extension and education department with specialization in agricultural extension and education, and 16 of them were selected based on the theoretical saturation criteria and using the purposeful sampling approach and snowball sampling method. The research tool in data collection was semi-structured interview protocol. MAXQDA12 software was used to facilitate the text analysis of the conducted interviews.

 

Results

Based on the results of the interviews analysis, A total of 83 initial codes were extracted from the interview, which were formed in four categories including: Individual and personality factors that underlie psychological empowerment (with 5 subcategories), Organizational contexts related to psychological empowerment (with 7 subcategories), Psychological empowerment structures (with 6 subcategories), Environmental factors that underlie psychological empowerment (with 4 subcategories).  At the end, there were Suggestions to the psychological empowerment of agricultural extension experts.

 

Discussion

According to the results of this study, if agricultural extension wants to provide a platform for empowering agricultural extension experts, it should pay attention to factors such as investing in information and communication technologies, improving the skills and information literacy of extension experts, networking in order to share experiences. In addition, understanding and supporting experts and appreciating their activities and efforts, evaluation based on transparent and clear criteria are among the things that can help psychological empowerment. Communication and interaction with universities, scientific and research centers, organizations related to agriculture and rural areas in order to produce findings needed in production areas and also to receive media support for agricultural extension can also be effective in the psychological empowerment of agricultural extension human resources.

مراجع

Abinaya, K. (2014). Subjective well-being and psychological empowerment among the employees of an auto component manufacturing company. Global Journal of Research in Management, 4 (2), 20-34.
Adibpoor, M., Daneshvar Deylami, M., & Dehghanan, H. (2016). The Relationship between Person–Job Fit, Person–Organization Fit and Innovative Work Behavior: by Emphasizing on the Mediating Role of Innovation Trust. Quarterly Journal of Public Organzations Management. 4 (3), 105-118. (In Persian).
Allahyari, R., Shahbazi, B., Mirkamali, S M., Kharazi, K. (2011). Survey of relationship between the psychological empowerment of employees with organizational learning. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. (30), 1549- 1554.
Baharluo, M., Beshlideh, K., & Hashemi-Sheykh-Shabani, S. E. (2014). Designing and testing a model of precedents and outcomes of psychological empowerment. Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 8 (4), 383-394. (In Persian).
Barton, H., & Barton, L. C. (2011). Trust and psychological empowerment in the Russian work context. Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), 201-208.
Boley, B. B., Strzelecka, M., & Watson, A. (2018). Place distinctiveness, psychological empowerment, and support for tourism. Annals of Tourism Research.‏ 70, 137- 139.
Burns, N. & Grove S.K. (2005). The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, Critique & Utilization. Nursing Science Quarterly, 18(4), 365-366.
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of management review, 13(3), 471-482.
Cuozzo, B., Dumay, J., Palmaccio, M. & Lombardi, R. (2017). Intellectual capital disclosure: a structured literature Review.  Journal of Intellectual Capital, 18(1), 9-28.
Degago, E. (2014). A Study on Impact of Psychological Empowerment on Employee Performance in Small and Medium Scale Enterprise Sectors. European Journal of Business and Management, 6 (27), 60-73.
Dibaei, S; Agiular-Vafaei, M; Janbozorgi, M; Rasolzadeh-Tabatabaei, K; Ashrafi, E; Agah-Heris, M; & Hosseinpor, A. (2017). Practical  Components  of  Cognitive-Behavioral  Therapy  for  Weight  Loss  in  Women:  Directed Qualitative Content Analysis. J Qual Res Health Sci, 6(4), 461-76. (In Persian).
Dusta, S. B., Resickb, Ch, J., Margolisc, J. A., Mawritzb, M. B., Greenbaumd, R. L. (2108). Ethical leadership and employee success: Examining the roles of psychological empowerment and emotional exhaustion. The Leadership Quarterly, in press, corrected proof, Available online 12 February 2018.
Esfahani, M; & Sadaghatjo, M. (2015). The Relationship of Leadership Styles, Organizational Justice, Psychological Empowerment with Job Motiva-tion And Organizational Commitment in Female Staff. Journal of Women and Culture, 6 (24), 81- 94. (In Persian).
Farzaneh, J., Dehghanpour, F., & Kazemi, M. (2014). The impact of person-job fit and person-organization fit on OCB: The mediating and moderating effects of organizational commitment and psychological empowerment, Journal of Personnel Review, 43(5(, 672-691.
Fazel, A., Kaalian, A. R., Rowshan, S. A. (2018). Identification of Effective Dimensions and Components on Academic Human Resources Empowerment, Emphasizing the Third and Fourth Generation of Universities With Fuzzy Delphi Approach: Presenting a Conceptual Model. Education Strategies in Medical, 10 (6), 455- 468.
Fealy Nahavand, S. (2013). Iranian Agricultural Extension System: The Current Status and Foresight Ph.D. dissertation, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. (In Persian).
Ghaleei, A; Mohajeran, B., & Miraghaie, A. A. (2018). Survey of Structural Relationship of Intellectual Capital, Psychological Empowerment, Organizational Learning and Performance. Journal of Hospital, 17(1), 63-74. (In Persian).
Gholifar, E., Hejazi, S. Y., & Hosseini, S. M. (2012). A Study of the Management and Organizational Factors Affectifing Empowerment of Faculty Members of Agricultural Colleges in Iran. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economicd and Development Research. 43 (1), 77- 90. (In Persian).
Hasanzade, A; Rajaiepour, S., & Noori, A. (2013). Role transparency and psychological empowerment. Journal of Public Administration Perspective, 14, 135-155. (In Persian).
Heydari Sarban, V., & Rukn al- din Eftekhari, A. (2017).  Analysis of the Influential Factors on Farmer’s Empowerment, Case study: Ardabil Province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economicd and Development Research. 47 (3), 743- 755. (In Persian).
Hill, N. S., Kang, J. H., & Seo, M. G. (2014). The interactive effect of leader–member exchange and electronic communication on employee psychological empowerment and work outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(4), 772-783.
Hsieh, H. F & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Quall Health Res; 15(9): 1277-88.
Irajirad, A; & Malekzadeh, E. (2017). The effect of psychological capita Mediation by motivation on Students' Creativity.Innovation and creativity in human sciences, 6 (4), 51-70. (In Persian).
Javed, B., Khan, A. A., Bashir, S., & Arjoon, S. (2017). Impact of ethical leadership on creativity:  the role of psychological empowerment. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(8), 839-851.
Kang, Y. K; Lee, J. Y & Kim, H. W. (2017). A psychological empowerment approach to online knowledge sharing. Computers in Human Behavior, 74, 175 -187. 
Karimi-Gougheri, H; Rezaei-Moghaddam, K; Zamani, Gh. H; Hayati, D; & Rezaei, A. (2018). Analysis of Agricultural Extension and Education Organizational Network in Kerman Province: Social Network Analysis. Iran Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 13 (2), 131-151. (In Persian).
 Kasonde, M., Steele, P. (2017). The people factor: An analysis of the human resources landscape for immunization supply chain management. Vaccine, 35, 17, 2134-2.140.
Khalajabadi Farahani, F; & Heidari, J. (2013).  Male Participation in Family Planning in Zanjan, 2011:  a Qualitative Study. Hakim Research Journal, 16(1), 50- 57.
Kim, P.  B., Lee, G., & Jang, J.  (2017).  Employee  empowerment  and  its  contextual determinants  and  outcome  for  service  workers:  a  cross-national  study. Management Decision, 55(5), 1022-1041.
Kim, T., & Kim, M. (2013). Leaders’ moral competence and employee outcomes: The effects of psychological empowerment and person-supervisor fit, Journal of Business Ethics, 112 (1), 155-166.
Laschinger, H., Nosko, A., Wilk, P & Finegan, J. (2014). Mutuality in leader–subordinate empowerment expectation:  Its impact on role ambiguity and intrinsic motivation. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51, 12, 1615-1623.
Lauring, J., & Selmer, J. (2018). Person-environment fit and emotional control: Assigned expatriates vs. self-initiated expatriates. International Business Review. 27, 982-992.
Li, C., Wu, K., Johnson, D. E., & Wu, M. (2012). Moral leadership and psychological empowerment in China. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(1), 90-108.
Li, Z. (2016). Psychological empowerment on social media: Who are the empowered users?. Public Relations Review, 42(1), 49-59.‏
Liao, R. X., & Liu, Y. H. (2016). The impact of structural empowerment and psychological capital on competence among Chinese baccalaureate nursing students: A questionnaire survey. Nurse education today, 36, 31-36.
Lin, M., Wu, X., & Ling, Q. (2017). Assessing the effectiveness of empowerment on service quality: A multi-level study of Chinese tourism firms. Tourism Management, 61, 411-425.
Majodin, A. (2011). Model of Empowering Managers in Higher Education Centers of Applied Science & Technology University. Ph.D. dissertation, Allameh Tabatabaee University, Iran. (In Persian).
McDowell, G. (2004). Is extension an idea whose time has come and gone?. Journal of Extension, 42 (6).
Meng, L., Jin, Y., & Guo, J. (2016). Mediating and/or moderating roles of psychological empowerment. Applied Nursing Research, 30, 104-110.
Mohajeri Amiri, Sh., Mojaradi, G. h., & Badsar, M. (2016). Investigating the role of social and psychological factors on empowerment of rural Female-headed Households, Supported by the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (Case study: Abas Abad Township). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economicd and Development Research. 47 (1), 211- 255. (In Persian).
Moradi, F. (2015). Study of relationship between human resource practices and employee empowerment (case study: NOIC). M. A Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Iran. (In Persian).
Namayan, F., & Mehrabpour, M. (2018). Designing a structural model of ICT competences and skillsto predict psychological empowerment of Melli Bankemployees. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi, 7 (3), 1- 25. (In Persian).
Nasre esfahani, A; Farokhi, M., & Amiri, Z. (2016). The Impact of Social Capital on Employee Empowerment (Case study: Shariati Hospital Nurses). Applied Sociology, 27 (2), 111- 126.
Owen, D. C., Boswell, C., Opton, L., Franco, L., and Meriwether, C. (2018). Engagement, empowerment, and job satisfaction before implementing an academic model of shared governance. Applied Nursing Research, 41, 29–35
Pandey, K. K., Gupta, R., Garud, U., Chandoriya, K. R., Khator, D., & Dubey, S. (2016). The Impact of Employee Empowerment on Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Service Organizations. Research to Manuscript, 217.
Pourmonazah, A. (2014). Investigation of the Influence of Dimensions of Psychological Empowerment on Employees' Organizational Commitment. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 1-8. 
Rahimi doost, GH; nowrozi, D; & Amir Taimori, M. H. (2013). A learning support framework in the computer-based problem-solving learning environment, Journal of Educational Sciences, 6 (1), 243- 268.
Raja, S., Jawad, M., Tabassum, T., & Abraiz, A. (2013). Study on work place behavior: Role of person-organization fit, person-job fit & empowerment, evidence from Pakistan, Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 1(4), 47-54.
Rezaei, M; Hoveida, R; & Samavatian, H. (2015). Concept of psychological empowerment and its relationship with psychological capital among teachers. New Educational Approaches, 10 (1), 67- 82.
Rivera, M. W. & Sulaiman, R. V. (2009). Extension: Object of reform, engine for innovation. Outlook on Agriculture, 38 (3): 267–273.
Rivera, M. W. (2001). Agricultural and rural extension worldwide: Options for institutional reform in the developing countries. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Seibert, S. E., Wang. G., Courtright, H. S. (2011). Antecedents and Consequences of Psychological and Team Empowerment InOrganizations: A Meta-Analytic Review, Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 981-1003.
Sodeify, R. (2013). The Theoretical Exploration of Psychological Empowerment in Clinical Nurses and Designing an Applied Model. Ph.D. dissertation, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. (In Persian).
Sotirofski, K. (2014). Organizational Culture Impact on Psychological Empowerment of Academic Staff. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 3(2), 119-132.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.
Tetik, N. (2016).  The Effects of Psychological Empowerment on Job Satisfaction and Job Performance of Tourist Guides. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6 (2), 221- 240.
Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An “interpretive” model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of management review, 15(4), 666-681.
Waters, K, P., Zuber, A., Simbini, T., Bangani, Z., Krishnamurthy, R. (2017). Zimbabwe’s Human Resources for health Information System (ZHRIS) an assessment in the context of establishing a global standard. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 100, 121-128.
Watkins, C., Hart, P. L., & Mareno, N. (2016). The effect of preceptor role effectiveness on newly licensed registered nurses' perceived psychological empowerment and professional autonomy. Nurse education in practice, 17, 36-42.
Whetten, D., & Cameron, K. (1995). Developing Management Skills. Newyork.
Wu, C. M., & Chen, T. J. (2015). Psychological contract fulfillment in the hotel workplace: Empowering leadership, knowledge exchange, and service performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 48, 27-38.‏
Yang, J., Liu, L., Chen, Y & Pan, X. (2014). Effects of unit empowerment and perceived support for professional nursing practice on unit effectiveness and individual nurse well-being: A time-lagged study. Applied Nursing Research, 27, 3, 186-191.
Zhang, X., Bartol, K. (2010). Linking Empowering Leadership And Employee Creativity: The Influence of Psychological Empowerment, Intrinsic Motivation, and Creative Process Engagement, Academy Of Management Journal, 53 (1), 107–128.
Zhang, X., Ye, H., & Li, Y. (2018). Correlates of structural empowerment, psychological empowerment andemotional exhaustion among registered nurses: A meta-analysis. Applied Nursing Research, 42, 9–16.
Zolfaqarian, M. R., & Latifi, M. (2011). [Grounded theory with NVivo 8 (Persian)]. Tehran: Imam Sadiq University. (In Persian).
تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران
دوره 54، شماره 1
فروردین 1402
صفحه 241-259

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار