نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه مدیریت کارافرینی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قزوین، ایران
2 گروه کارآفرینی فناورانه، دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران ، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The university entrepreneurship ecosystem has various characteristics: the existence of diverse human resources, dependence between components, collaborative evolution, dynamism and flexibility, the simultaneous existence of the concept of competition/cooperation, helping to create innovations and commercial successes. According to the statement of the problem of the approach "Development of entrepreneurship, creation of university entrepreneurship ecosystem and the role of cultural factors in the development of the ecosystem", the questions were presented as follows:
- What is the role and position of cultural components in the university entrepreneurship ecosystem?
- How is the cultural configuration affecting the development of the university entrepreneurship ecosystem?
In order to create and develop an academic entrepreneurship ecosystem, a set of factors and elements at the individual and organizational levels of financial resources, laws and regulations, cultural, social and economic policies are needed. When the formation of the ecosystem in the university environment is considered, the issue becomes important at two regional (external) and organizational (internal) levels. Considering that one of the important characteristics of the ecosystem is the development of entrepreneurial employment through the creation of an investment platform and financial resources, this can help the growth of investment and the development of regional businesses.
At the domestic level, it can also be used to develop entrepreneurship fields, strengthen the performance of university science and technology parks, create knowledge-based industrial towns, develop the university's connection with industry, develop the offices of relations with students, develop technological infrastructures, develop resources and develop human capital. To help the university as a national and international brand.
The conceptual model of entrepreneurship ecosystem culture in the field of academic entrepreneurship ecosystem includes nine factors/variables that have been investigated in addition to creating causal relationships and analyzing mutual effects. These factors include:
University entrepreneurship ecosystem culture with criteria (positive and entrepreneurial image, belief in creative human capital, promotion of startup culture, promotion of organizational culture and active institutions), ecosystem infrastructure development culture with criteria (creating infrastructure of institutions, cooperation network and interactions technologically, the creation of interdisciplinary research centers, the infrastructure of centers and institutions of the third generation), and the policy culture and rules of the university with criteria (the development of targeted entrepreneurship education in graduate courses, the creation and development of cooperation between creative and elite university students with different sectors of the industry , the learning skills of graduates and students), have an impact on the university entrepreneurship ecosystem.
The culture of research and development with measures (the culture of technological maturity of academic research institutions, increasing the readiness of manufacturing and production in research projects, increasing the rate of technological readiness levels of research projects, research cooperation with academic laboratories of ecosystem development and integration), the culture of institutionalization in development Academic entrepreneurship ecosystem with criteria (culture of creation and development of interdisciplinary research educational institutions, culture of creation and development of start-up business development institutions, creation and development of market-making and internationalization institutions), market development culture of academic ecosystem with criteria of (department Classification of target markets in the ecosystem network, conclusion of memorandums and contracts with market organizations and institutions) have an impact on the university entrepreneurship ecosystem.
The culture of governance policy in the university entrepreneurship ecosystem with metrics (the culture of change in government support and encouragement policies in the university entrepreneurship ecosystem, increasing the rate of establishment of regional or national legislative governance institutions in the ecosystem), the culture of improving the business environment with metrics (Culture of innovation and turning ideas into products in the university entrepreneurship ecosystem, changes in technology and market and business in the university entrepreneurship ecosystem, creating a value chain network in the field of strategic technology in the university entrepreneurship ecosystem, idea generation and creativity culture in growth centers and parks Science and technology play a role in the development of academic entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Research Methods
The study is a mixed method (quantitative-qualitative). In the qualitative part of the interview tool and in the quantitative part of the researcher's questionnaire tool, SPSS software and MICMAC software, which is the output of the ISM model, have been used. In the quantitative section/survey, the measured indicators: entrepreneurial culture, the culture of the academic entrepreneurial ecosystem have been examined. In the qualitative part, using nine variables and academic experts and entrepreneurs, the mutual influence of the nine variables was investigated in the form of a mutual influence matrix.
The statistical population of the research is in three groups of cultural managers in the field of entrepreneurship university, expert professors in the field of entrepreneurship culture and researchers in the field of university entrepreneurship culture.
Results
The variables of ecosystem business environment improvement culture, university investment and financing culture and ecosystem market development institutionalization culture respectively with the amount of 50/., 42/. and 33/. The percentage, more than other variables, have played a role in predicting the development of the university entrepreneurship ecosystem culture. In addition, research and development culture variables with 19/. and ecosystem infrastructure development culture with 16/. and the culture of governance policy in creating an ecosystem with 15/. have had a secondary effect in predicting the culture of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. On the other hand, the policy-making culture and university rules, as well as the ecosystem market development culture, respectively, have the least impact in predicting the university entrepreneurship ecosystem culture.
Discussion
In the investigation of the nine factors of academic entrepreneurship ecosystem culture, in addition to analyzing the causal relationships between the variables, the mutual influence of the factors was also tested. The results of the analyzes indicate the adoption of a functionalist and transformational approach towards the university entrepreneurship ecosystem. In other words, each of the factors, in addition to having their own function and duty in the process of creating the ecosystem, also take an evolutionary step towards the development and evolution of the ecosystem. For example, the development of investment and financing in the creation of an academic entrepreneurship ecosystem is influenced by the culture of ecosystem market development in the university environment and is related to the diversification of businesses.
suggestions
- In this research, the impact of culture in the development of academic entrepreneurship ecosystem was investigated. It is suggested that different dimensions of culture at individual and organizational levels should be taken into consideration by universities in creating an academic entrepreneurship ecosystem. These levels can increase the synergy of ecosystem creation factors.
- Based on the results, the development of the ecosystem market leads to the improvement of the business environment. The prosperity of businesses in the environment will lead to the prosperity of the academic ecosystem. It is suggested that universities adopt the approach of market development and ecosystem commercialization. This, along with the independence of a part of the organization, prevents the institutional interference and policy of external factors and leads to the development of ecosystem business.
- It is suggested that the role of the organization's human resources such as the type of job, organizational position, behavioral and functional competencies in the creation and development of the university entrepreneurship ecosystem should be investigated. The thinking of human power and the level of risk-taking and risk-taking in this structure can lead to the enrichment of the ecosystem.
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