شاخص‌های رویکرد پیوند امنیت آب، غذا و انرژی در بخش کشاورزی: کاربرد تحلیل محتوا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

رویکرد پیوند آب، غذا و انرژی، دیدگاهی جامع از پایداری است و کشاورزی نقش کلیدی در استفاده از این منابع و امنیت غذا دارد. با توجه به­ این­که شناسایی شاخص­های رویکرد پیوند امنیت آب، غذا و انرژی در بخش کشاورزی، عمده­ترین معیار برای بررسی وضعیت استقرارپذیری این منابع در راستای برقراری امنیت در بخش کشاورزی است. خلا موجود در این زمینه باعث شده، این مقاله درصدد تدوین و ارزیابی شاخص­های رویکرد پیوند امنیت آب، غذا و انرژی در بخش کشاورزی برآید. برای تحقق این هدف، از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی با استفاده از نرم افزار MAXQDA 18  و تحلیل دستی استفاده شد. نمونه تحقیق شامل، مقالات مرتبط با موضوع تحقیق، که در مجله­های داخلی و خارجی، طی سال­های 1401- 1386 به چاپ رسیده­اند، به تعداد 228 مورد، بوده است. یافته­ها نشان داد؛ امنیت آب، غذا و انرژی به ترتیب دارای هشت، چهارده و ده شاخص هستند که در چهار طبقه: دسترسی، موجود بودن، قابلیت استفاده و پایداری دسته­بندی شدند. باتوجه به یافته­ها نتیجه می­گیریم که این شاخص­ها، ابعاد توسعه پایدار؛ اعم از بعد اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی را در بر می­گیرند و به هم وابسته هستند. بنابراین، این شاخص­ها ابزاری جامع برای سنجش رویکرد پیوند آب، غذا و انرژی در راستای توسعه پایدار هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Extended Abstract

Objectives

    Sustainable development and poverty eradication is achieved by better management of the world's ecosystems and conscious and optimal use of water, land and other natural resources. In this regard, the approach of water, food and energy nexus, means examining the relationships and interactions between these three resources and managing their use. Most of the emphasis will be on water, energy and food supply in the agricultural sector, because food is so vital, in addition to the fact that the agricultural sector is a major consumer of fresh water, so strategies for achieving sustainable agriculture must be considered. Agricultural security is closely related to water, food and energy issues and are an integral part of this connection due to the necessity of these resources. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the components of security in the three areas of water, food and energy in the agricultural sector.

Research Method: To achieve this goal content analysis of existing documents and resources in relation to water, food and energy security in order to extract the indicators for measuring the status of these resources is necessary. So in this study, the qualitative content analysis method of Gal et al was used. Which was done in three stages of basic, axial and class coding. In this method, the content of documents and resources was analyzed and the desired dimensions and indicators were categorized in the form of codes. The research sample included 228 articles related to the research topic, which were published in national and international journals during the years 2007-2022.

 

Results

 In the basic coding stage, water security with 7 dimensions, food security with 7 dimensions and energy security with 13 dimensions were measured. In the axial coding stage, the dimensions were classified into four main dimensions of accessibility, availability, utilization and stability according to their meaning, concept and themes. At this stage, access is most important to measure the security of water, food and energy. In the third stage, non-agricultural indicators were removed and finally 8, 11 and 10 indicators were extracted to measure water, food and energy security nexus in the agricultural sector, respectively. The first important dimension in measuring this security nexus was the access dimension. One of the important indicators in measuring the "access" component was emphasized on checking the appropriateness of the price of resources and the amount of costs that are spent on the consumption and use of that resource. In measuring the "availability" dimension, one of the most important components was the availability of water, food and energy resources for use. The third dimension that was considered in the discussion of resource security was "utilization". In this dimension, the evaluation of health, safety and resource acceptance for the consumer was identified as very important. This index can be checked using quantitative and qualitative data and compliance with existing safety standards. The fourth dimension was "stability", This dimension is very important for examining the degree of diversity in the methods of use and sustainability of the use of different types of resources, for example: in the energy sector, the use of renewable energy sources; in the water sector, the use of diverse water resources; and in the food sector, the production of various products were considered in the stability assessment.

 

Conclusion

Due to the importance of paying attention to water, food and energy resources in the agricultural sector and the lack of comprehensive tools to measure these three sources and the nexus between security of them, in this study, water, food and energy security indicators in agriculture sector were identified and extracted. The results of in-depth content analysis in this study and finally the aggregation of indicators for measuring the nexus between water, food and energy security showed that the most important dimension was access to water, food and energy resources. These four dimensions include economic, social and environmental components, so it is a comprehensive and complete tool for measuring the nexus between water, food and energy security. Since these indicators have been identified to measure the security of these resources at the agricultural sector, it is suggested that by localizing these indicators to measure the security of water, food and energy resources at the farm level; either quantitatively or qualitatively; the security situation of these resources at the farm level be checked and observed. This will have a significant impact on improving the performance of the agricultural sector at the national level and achieving the goals of sustainability at the international level.

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