آگاهی کشاورزان از مفهوم، علل و اثرات تغییرات اقلیمی در مناطق روستایی استان خراسان جنوبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

آگاهی کشاورزان از مفهوم، علل و فرایند تغییرات اقلیمی، رابطه مستقیم با سازگاری آنان نسبت به اثرات تغییر اقلیمی و کاهش این اثرات دارد. پژوهش حاضر نیز با هدف بررسی میزان آگاهی کشاورزان نسبت به پدیده تغییرات اقلیم در مناطق روستایی شهرستان نهبندان از توابع استان خراسان جنوبی انجام شد. تعداد 180 کشاورز با محاسبه فرمول کوکران به‌عنوان جامعه نمونه تعیین شدند. روش نمونه‌گیری در تحقیق حاضر روش چندمرحله‌ای و در سطح روستاها بصورت تصادفی بود. مهم‌ترین ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه بود که روایی آن توسط متخصصان و پایایی آن با محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ به میزان 76/0 تأیید شد. تحلیل داده‌ها در نرم‌افزار SPSS19 انجام و نتایج نشان داد که حدود 11 درصد از کشاورزان هیچ اطلاعی از مفهوم تغییر اقلیم نداشتند. در واقع، هنوز این مفهوم در بین کشاورزان شناخته شده نیست و اینکه این تغییرات کوتاه‌مدت است یا بلندمدت، هیچ اتفاق نظری وجود ندارد. هرچند آنها تغییر اقلیم را به عنوان یک خطر جدی برای شهرستان نهبندان به خوبی درک کردند چون اثرات زیست‌محیطی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی آنرا همانند خشکسالی‌های مکرر، کاهش بارندگی، افزایش بیکاری و مهاجرت بویژه در بین جوانان، کاهش تولیدات کشاورزی و قدرت خرید در سطح شهرستان را کاملاً حس کردند. متغیرهایی مانند سطح تحصیلات و حضور در دوره‌های آموزشی با آگاهی کشاورزان از تغییرات اقلیمی رابطه مثبت و متغیرهایی مانند سن و تعداد فرزندان رابطه منفی و معنی‌داری داشتند. لذا پیشنهاد می‌شود با افزایش کمیت و کیفیت دوره‌های آموزشی، آگاهی کشاورزان از پدیده تغییر اقلیم و نحوه سازگاری با آن را افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

Extended Abstract

Objectives

 The agricultural sector, as one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change, has always been considered by many researchers. It is clear that climate change has a direct effect on agricultural production. In other words, the agricultural sector is inherently more sensitive to climate change than other sectors (Ben Na et al., 2016). As the negative effects of climate change vary around the world, farmers in developing countries are expected to suffer from a lack of capacity to diversify crops, a low level of awareness, incompetence, illiteracy, and infrastructure. Limited, inability to predict climate change, low financial ability and low adaptability to climate changes (Kurukulasuriya, 2007). Thus, increasing farmers' awareness and adapting to proposed and alternative solutions can reduce vulnerability and improve their living conditions (Abid et a., 2015; Ajuang et al., 2016; Idrisa et al., 2012). Adaptation to climate change can be considered from three different perspectives: risk awareness, risk perception and having the capacity to reduce the negative effects on the production system (Juana et al. 2013). In other words, the results of numerous studies indicates a strong relationship between farmers' awareness of climate change and adaptation to its effects (Adger et al. 2009; Debela et al. 2015). In this regard, this study aims to know to what extent the farmers of Nehbandan County in South Khorasan province are aware of the concept, causes and effects of climate change and well perceived this phenomenon.

 

Methods

    The study follows the quantitative paradigm and empirical research method in terms of purpose. Also, in terms of data collection and analysis, it is a survey based on descriptive-correlational analysis. The statistical population of the study consists of all households living in rural areas of Nehbandan county (N=7118 households) that have been exposed to drought and climate change in recent years. The sample size was estimated to be 180 households using the Cochran's formula. In order to select the research samples, the stratified random sampling was used and 9 villages were considered as target villages and the samples were randomly selected. Data were collected using a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts’ opinion and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient to more than 0.70. Five-point Likert scale (very low = 1 to very high = 5) was used to measure the scale of awareness. Data analysis was done in IBMSPSS software environment.

 

Results

    The results showed that about 14% of farmers did not feel much need to be aware of climate change but about 52 percent of farmers felt the need to be aware of climate change. The results showed that 10.6% of farmers had no knowledge about climate change’ concept. 39.4% considered climate change as a kind of change in climate pattern for a long time and 39.4% believed the same changes for a short period of time. 10.6% of farmers also considered climate change to be equivalent to rising global temperatures and global warming. The most important environmental effects of climate change from farmers’ perspective were increasing the incidence of drought, increasing the length of the drought, decreasing rainfall and increasing the average temperature, respectively. There was a positive and significant relationship between participation in educational courses and literacy level with the level of farmers' awareness of climate change. However, there was a negative and significant relationship between age and number of children with farmers' awareness of climate change.

 

Discussion

     The final results of the study showed that the likelihood of farmers adapting to climate change (and especially drought) increases when they understand the concept, causes and process of climate change, as well as its effects. Yazdanpanah et al. (2015) also concluded that increasing knowledge about the causes and effects of climate change increases farmers' desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change. While about 11% of farmers in the study had no knowledge of the concept of climate change. About 40 percent of them believed that it would involve some change in climate factors in the short term. Given that the level of education can be effective in the field of farmers 'access to different information channels and their use, as a result, it can lead to increase farmers' awareness of climate change. This result is consistent with the results of research by Dorsa and Hassan (2005), Ghambar Ali et al. (2012), Veneto et al. (2012), Jamshidi et al. (2015). Given that the level of education of farmers can not be increased much, we should look for information channels that are consistent with the level of education of farmers. As the level of education of farmers cannot be increased much, we should look for information channels that are consistent with the level of education.

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تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران
دوره 54، شماره 4
دی 1402
صفحه 897-918

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