تبیین راهبرد(های) بهینه جهت بهبود جایگاه دامداران سنتی در زنجیره تأمین گوشت قرمز (مطالعه موردی: دامنه جتوب غربی زاگرس)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت و توسعه، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 گروه علوم دامی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، ;کرج، ایران

چکیده

زنجیره‌های مربوط به تأمین گوشت قرمز از جهت اینکه به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین مواد مصرفی در سبد خانواده است، از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. این زنجیره از جنبه‌های مختلفی قابل ‌بررسی است که یکی از مهم‌ترین آنها حلقه تولید گوشت قرمز است. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، «ارائه راهبرد(های) بهینه جهت بهبود جایگاه دامداران سنتی دامنه جنوب غربی زاگرس در زنجیره تأمین گوشت قرمز» بود. به منظور تحقق هدف کلی پژوهش، از ترکیبی از روش‏های کمی و کیفی بهره گرفته شد. در فاز کمی پژوهش، با استفاده از روش نمونه‏گیری متناسب (طبقه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای)، نسبت به گردآوری اطلاعات از دامداران سنتی گوسفند و بز اقدام شد. در فاز کیفی نیز با استفاده از روش‌های دلفی و SWOT، اطلاعات کیفی عمیق و گسترده از متخصصان زنجیره تأمین گوشت قرمز (شامل کارشناسان امور دام جهاد کشاورزی) استخراج گردید. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن بود که دامداران سنتی از نظر اقتصادی (8/27 از 100) و اجتماعی (5/35 از 100) در وضعیت بسیار بحرانی قرار داشتند. در پایان، از بین راهبردهای تدوین شده بالاترین جذابیت مربوط به «توسعه دانش‌محوری و تزریق اطلاعات و فناوری جهت افزایش کیفیت و بهره‌وری تولید گوشت قرمز از طریق به‌کارگیری روش‌های علمی و نوین» و پایین‏ترین جذابیت مربوط به «کاهش ریسک تولید گوشت قرمز از راه گسترش بیمه دام و دامدار با شرایط حمایتی مناسب و منطقی» بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


 

Extended Abstract

Objectives

Considering that the most of the study population’s livelihood is livestock breeding and most of this population and livestock products of the region are related to traditional livestock keepers, analyzing their current position in the red meat supply chain and presenting a strategy to improve it, economically, socially, technically, functionally and environmentally, in addition to preventing their migration, improving their welfare, sustaining their livelihoods and sharing Fair interests of the chain between the rings will pave the way for the sustainable production of red meat.

 

Methods

In order to achieve the overall goal of the study, which is to provide an appropriate strategy to improve the position of traditional livestock keepers in the red meat supply chain, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used. In the quantitative phase of the research, using proportional sampling method (multi-stage classes), information was collected from traditional sheep and goat farmers. In the qualitative phase, using Delphi and SWOT methods, deep and extensive qualitative information was extracted from the red meat supply chain specialists (including livestock experts of Agricultural Jihad centers).

 

Results

The results showed that traditional livestock keepers are in a very critical situation economically (27.8 out of 100) and socially (35.5 out of 100). Most of them are economically disadvantaged and the data show that they have not acquired much wealth from their place of activity and their capital is gradually declining. Socially, they had no effective leadership role in their community and their desire to continue this job was very low. Also in the SWOT analysis section, the results showed that among the strengths, the case of "high quality of produced meat (due to the grazing system and the use of medicinal plants and delicious pasture)" and among the weaknesses, the case of "low income of livestock and animal husbandry" had the higher priority. On the other hand, among the opportunity points, "much higher price of red meat in neighboring countries" and among the threatening points, "lack of proper market and large presence of middlemen" were identified as the most important external points. The results of Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) showed that among the developed strategies, the highest attractiveness was related to "knowledge-based development and injection of information and technology to increase the quality and productivity of red meat production through the use of scientific and modern methods" with an attractiveness score of 17.25 and "helping to commercializing red meat produced by traditional livestock keepers and increasing its competitiveness in global markets" with an attractiveness score of 13.08.

 

Discussion

As mentioned earlier, among the various indicators, the economic situation of traditional livestock keepers was at its worst. In such a way that the return on capital for them was lower than bank interest and even much lower than the interest of investment funds in the capital market (stock exchanges and securities). Their savings were also very small. On the other hand, the results of SWOT analysis showed that the most important weakness of traditional livestock keepers was the low income of livestock and animal husbandry and their most important threat was the lack of a suitable market and the widespread presence of middlemen. As a result, it seems that the choice of strategy "helping to commercializing red meat produced by traditional livestock keepers and increasing its competitiveness in global markets" shows a great deal of coordination between the results and statistics of research with the collective wisdom of experts and specialists in choosing this strategy.

Agricultural Jihad Organization of Ilam Province (2017), the view of improving livestock productions in the province. Available at: www.jkoi.ir/tabid/131.
Agricultural Jihad Organization of Khuzestan Province (2015). Production status of livestock products in Khuzestan province. Agricultural Economic Planning and Rural Development Research Group.
Ahmadi Gotab H., Rastegar Sh., Heidari Q.A. & Mojavarian S.M. (2018). Investigating the strategies to strengthen the economic power of livestock keepers based on the economic analysis of traditional livestock system (Case study: Sajjadrood summer rangelands-Mazandaran province). Quarterly Journal of Iran’s Range and Desert Research. Volume 25 Number 4, pp. 852-839.
Ansari N., Seyed Akhlaghi, S., and Ghasemi, M. (2008). Determination of socioeconomic factors on natural resources degradation of Iran, Iran. J. Range Des. Res. 15: 4. 508-524.
Arayesh, B., Hosseini, F.A., Mirdamadi, S.M., and Malek Mohammadi, I. (2010). A comparison between viewpoint of experts and utilizers of natural resources on people participation in the process of preservation, restoration, development and utilization of forests and rangelands Ilam province, Iran. J. Range Des. Res. 17: 3. 377-392.
Bahadori G. M., Zarifian Sh., Kouhestani H. & Kalantari Kh. (2018). Identification of economic and social sustainability indicators of small-scale family farming. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research. Volume 2-49, No. 1, pp. 177-165. (In Persian)
Bayat N., Rastegar A., Khorasani M. A. & Ghanbari N. (2011). Identification and analysis of factors affecting the recession of livestock economy in rural areas (Case study: Paridar and Mahdavieh villages: Malayer city). Rural Research, Year 2, Issue 4, pp. 181-153.
Berhanu, M. A. (2014). Municipal Capacity and Environmental Service Delivery in Digotsion Town, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Developing Country Studies, 4 (25), pp. 68-78.
Butt. B., (2010).Seasonal space time dynamics of cattle behavior and mobility among Maasai pastoralists in semi-arid Kenya. Journal of Arid Environments. 74: 403-413.
Cheraghi, D., & Gholipour, S. (2010). A Review on Major Challenges of the Red Meat in Iran. Commercial Studies, No. 41.
Cohen B. (1993). The Guide to Social Assessment and Research. translated by Tavassoli and Fazel. Tehran: Samt Publications.
Dashti, G.H., 2008. Evaluating increasing productivity production factors of industrial cow breeding farms in Iran. Proceeding of the Third Iranian congress on animal science. 16- 17 October 2008: Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, 4377- 4379.
Fattahi F., Shahandeh N.A., Kadivar M. (2010). Performance evaluation in the food supply chain Case study of the meat industry. 7th International Conference on Industrial Engineering. Industrial University of Isfahan. ID: 0744.Gharaie M.A. (2002). Principles of Sociology. Tehran. Abjad Publications.
Green, B. T., Kevin D., Welch.m James A., Pfister., Carol G. Chitko-Mckown. and Gardner, D. R., 2014. Mitigation of larkspur poisoning on rangelands through the selection of cattle. Rangelands, 36(1):10-15.
Haghian, A., Barani, H., Heshmati, Gh. A., Ghorbani, J. and Heidari, Gh. A., 2013. Investigation and monitoring of livestock and livestock activities in traditional livestock system based on rangelands in Baladeh-e-Mazandaran. Ph.D. Thesis in Rangeland Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gorgan University of Agriculture sciences and Natural Resources.
Hashemi, A., 2010. Energy efficiency and financial benefit in traditional rangeland based husbandry system in Guilvan village of Khalkhal. Master's Thesis, Gorgan Agricultural and Natural Resources University,125p.
Heidari, G.H. 2010. Assessment of affecting factors on rancher participation in Range plan in Baladeh summer rangeland, Mazandran province. PhD thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan, 240p.
Imanazar S., Movahed Mohammadi H., Kalantari Kh. & Rostami F. (2010). Investigation of spatial distribution and comparison of the veterinary services’ benefit for the livestock production units in Karaj city. Journal of Iran’s Economics and Agricultural Development Researches (Journal of Iran’s Agricultural Sciences). No. 2, pp. 212-203.
Jafari Samimi A. & Ahmadpour S.M. (2011). Investigating the relationship between environmental performance and economic growth in developed countries. Quarterly Journal of Environmental and Energy Economics. First Year, No. 1, pp. 72-55.
Kalantari, Khalil (2012). Quantitative models in planning (regional, urban and rural). Tehran, Farhang Saba Publication.
Kasimi and Mashayekhi (2013). Investigating the technical efficiency of industrial calf fattening units in Markazi province. Journal of Animal Science, pp. 90-79.
Khodabandeloo (1993). Sociology of social strata and inequalities. Mashhad: University Jihad Publications.
Khodaie M. R. (2016). Determining the goals of Gilani sheep breeding by estimating economic coefficients. Master Thesis in Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan. Pp. 5-2.
Kotwal, P.C., Omprakash, M.D., Gairola, S., and Dugaya, D. 2007. Ecological indicators: Imperative to sustainable forest management. Ecological Indicators. 8: 1. 104-107.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
MacLeod, N., McDonald, C., & van Oudtshoorn, F. (2008). Challenges for emerging livestock farmers in Limpopo province, South Africa. TARF, 25 (2), pp. 71-77.
McClintock, N., Pallana, E. and Wooten, H. (2014). Urban livestock ownership, management, and regulation in the United States: An exploratory survey and research agenda. Land Use Policy, 38, pp. 426-440.
Miladfar H., Barani H., July R. & Reyazifar P. (2010). Investigating and determining of optimal size of rangeland exploitation units based on economic productivity and social sustainability (Case study: Rangelands of Orumiea city). Rangeland and Watershed Publication, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, Volume 63, Number 1, pp. 118-105.
Miller, Delbert (2001). The Guide to Social Assessment and Research. translated by Naibi, Tehran: Nashr-e Ney.
Mirjalili A.B., Heydari Q.A., Baghestani M.N. & Rastegar, Sh. (2019). Investigating the income and cost of traditional livestock system in dry and desert rangelands of Yazd province (Case study of Nadushan rangelands). Quarterly Journal of Iran’s Range and Desert Research. Volume 26 Number 1. pp. 102-89.
Mofidi Ch. M., Motamedi J., Alijanpour A., Fayyaz M. & Mohseni A. (2018). Economic analysis of production and technical efficiency of industrial livestock units and traditional livestock systems related to rangelands in Maragheh city, East Azerbaijan. Rangeland Scientific Research Journal, 12th Year, 4th Issue, pp. 492-481.
Mohammad R. S., Shiro, N., Rafat S.A., Safari A. & Shoja J. (2015). Determining the economic coefficients for Haraki sheep breed under rural breeding system with Ecoweight software. Journal of Animal Science Research. Volume 25 Number 2, pp. 159-149.
Saeedi Goraghani, H.R., Solaimani Sardo, M., Azizi, N., Azareh, A., and Heshmati, S. 2014. Investigation of changes in rangeland vegetation regarding different slopes, elevation and geographical aspects (Case study: Yazi Rangeland, Noor County, Iran). J. Range. Sci. 4: 3. 246-255.
Shagerdian Sh. and Mazloom F. (2018). Estimating the management parameters for livestock units using qualitative models. Ninth National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture & Natural Resources. Tehran: International Center for Sustainable Development Conferences and Seminars. https://civilica.com/doc/918623
Sikhweni, N. P., & Hassan, R. (2014). Opportunities and challenges facing small-scale cattle farmers living adjacent to Kruger National Park, Limpopo Province. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 5 (1), pp. 38-43.
Taweesak,T . (2003) " Performance Measurement System in Supply Chain Activities “, The 3rd Industrial-Academic Annual Conference on Supply Chain and Logistics Management, Vol.1, pp.26-27.
Upton, M. (2012). Is Africa different? Economics of the livestock sector. London: GALVmed.