الگوی اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان در تولید محصولات کشاورزی: راهکاری برای اثرگذاری دانش در تولید

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 استاد، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 استادیار تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،کرج، ایران.

چکیده

معمولاً، دانش به­عنوان یک نهاده­ی غیرقابل لمس در تولید شناخته می­شود. در صورتی­که در مبانی نظری اقتصاد دانش­بنیان، دانش به­عنوان یک منبع دایمی در تمامی بخش­های فعال اقتصاد از جمله بخش کشاورزی، با مشارکت در جریان تولید همواره سبب افزایش تولید، مزیت رقابتی و ایجاد ارزش افزوده­ شده است. با این وجود، تولید در چارچوب اقتصاد دانش­بنیان و چگونگی ورود دانش به جریان تولید محصولات کشاورزی یکی از مباحث بسیار پیچیده در اقتصاد می­باشد. از این­رو، با توجه به جایگاه اقتصاد دانش­بنیان و توجه ویژه سیاست­گذاران به تحقق آن در اسناد بالادستی، مقاله­ی پیش­رو تلاش می­کند با بهر­ه­گیری از مطالعات گذشته و مرور آن­ها به روش تحلیلی و توصیفی، به بحث پیرامون مفهوم اقتصاد دانش­بنیان در تولید محصولات کشاورزی و چگونگی اثرگذاری دانش بر تولید بپردازد. یافته­های این پژوهش ­اطلاعات مفیدی در جهت درک بهتر مفهوم اقتصاد دانش­بنیان در تولید محصولات کشاورزی ارایه می­دهد. مرور مطالعات گذشته نشان می­دهد، در اقتصاد دانش­بنیان، دانش به­عنوان یک نهاده و کالای عمومی در نتیجه­ی انجام تحقیقات موفق، از طریق بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید بر جریان تولید اثرگذار است. به­عبارت دیگر، در اقتصاد دانش­بنیان بخشی از بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید بوسیله­ی موجودی دانش منتج شده از مخارج تحقیقات و ترویج، توضیح داده می­شود که این بخش با اثرگذاری بر جریان تولید می­تواند معیاری برای سنجش میزان دانش­بنیان شدن فعالیت­ها نیز باشد.

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