رابطه‌ی گرایش کارآفرینانه‌ی فردی، یادگیری فردی و خلاقیت با عملکرد شغلی کارشناسان سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان همدان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه ترویج و آ»وزش کشاورزی،‌ دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش توصیفی-همبستگی بررسی روابط بین گرایش کارآفرینانه‌ی فردی، یادگیری فردی و خلاقیت با عملکرد شغلی بود. همچنین، نقش میانجی یادگیری فردی و گرایش کارآفرینانه‌ی فردی بررسی شد. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه کارشناسان سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان همدان به تعداد 635 کارشناس بود و حجم نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران تعداد 242 تن تعیین شد که با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای متناسب انتخاب شدند. داده‌های پژوهش با استفاده از چهار مقیاس استاندارد شامل مقیاس یادگیری فردی   Sujan et al. (1994)، مقیاس گرایش کارآفرینانه‌ی فردی Bolton & Lane (2012)، مقیاس خلاقیت Tierney et al. (1999) و مقیاس عملکرد فردی et al.  Staples (1990) گرد‌آوری شد. برای بررسی روایی پرسشنامه‌ از تحلیل عاملی تاییدی و برای بررسی پایایی از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد (83/0≥α≥76/0). نتایج مدل‌یابی معادله‌های ساختاری و بوت استرپ نشان داد که یادگیری فردی با عملکرد شغلی رابطه‌ی مثبت و معنادار دارد و همچنین، رابطه بین گرایش کارآفرینانه و عملکرد شغلی را میانجی‌گری می‌کند. افزون بر این، خلاقیت با گرایش کارآفرینانه و با عملکرد شغلی رابطه مثبت و معناداری دارد. اثر غیرمستقیم گرایش کارآفرینانه بر عملکرد شغلی با میانجی‌گری یادگیری فردی مثبت و معنادار بود. بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، مدیران و رهبران سازمان می­توانند در فرایند بهبود گرایش کارآفرینانه بر مکانیسم یادگیری فردی و خلاقیت تمرکز نمایند و از این طریق عملکرد شغلی را ارتقا دهند.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying the relationships between individual entrepreneurial orientation, individual learning, creativity with job performance in the Agriculture Jihad Organization of Hamedan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeid Karimi 1
  • Maryam Shahdousti 2
1 Assistant Professor, Agricultural Extension and Education, Agricultural Faculty, Bu Ali Sina University
2 Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The main purpose of this descriptive-correlative study was to investigate the relationships between individual entrepreneurial orientation, individual learning, creativity with job performance. The mediating roles of individual learning and entrepreneurial orientation were analyzed.  The statistical population of this research consisted of 635 agricultural experts of organization of Jihad-e Agriculture in Hamedan Province (N=365). According to Cochran's formula, a sample of 242 experts was chosen through random stratified sampling method. Data was collected using four standardized self-administered scales including individual learning scale (Sujan et al., 1994)), creativity scale (Tierney et al., 1999), individual entrepreneurial orientation scale (Bolton & Lane, 2012) and individual performance scale (Staples et al., 1999). The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were investigated using confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient respectively (.83≥α≥.76). Structural equation modeling and bootstrap procedure were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that individual learning was significantly related to job performance and it mediated the entrepreneurial orientation-job performance relationship. In addition, creativity was significantly related to entrepreneurial orientation and job performance. Drawing on the findings, the managers and leaders of the organization can focus on the individual learning mechanism and creativity to improve employees’ entrepreneurial orientation and thereby fostering their job performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurial Orientation
  • individual learning
  • Creativity
  • Job performance

مراجع

  1. Ahlin, B., Drnovsˇek, M., & Hisrich, R. D. (2014). Entrepreneurs’ creativity and firm innovation: the moderating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Small Bus Econ 43, 101–117.
  2.  Al- Nuiami, M., Subhi Idris, W.M., Moh'd Al-Ferokh, F.A. & Moh'd Abu Joma, M.d.H. (2014). An empirical study of the moderator effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between environmental turbulence and innovation performance in Five-star Hotels in Jordan. International Journal of Business Administration, 5(2), 111-125.
  3. Altinay, L., Madanoglu, M., De Vita, G., Arasli, H., & Ekinci, Y. (2016). The Interface between organizational learning capability, entrepreneurial orientation, and SME growth. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(3), 871–891.
  4. Amabile, T. M. & Mueller, J. S. (2008). Studying Creativity, It’s Processes, and Its Antecedents: An Exploration of the Componential Theory of Creativity. Chapter in J. Zhou and C. E. Shalley (Eds), Handbook of Organizational Creativity, 33-64, New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  5. Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in context. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  6. Ames, C., & Archer, J. (1988). Achievement goals in the classroom: Students' learning strategies and motivation processes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(3), 260–267.
  7. Anderson, J. (2010). A critical examination of the EO –performance relationship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavioral and Research, 16(4), 309- 329
  8. Anderson, J. (2010). A critical examination of the EO-performance relationship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 16, 309–328.
  9. Argirys, C., & Schon, D.A. (1978). Organizational learning: a theory of action perspective. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Massachusetts.
  10. Ashforth, B. E., Sluss, D. M., & Saks, A. M. (2007). Socialization tactics, proactive behavior, and newcomer learning: Integrating socialization models. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70, 447-462.
  11. Bolton, D.L. & Lane, M.D. (2012). Individual entrepreneurial orientation: development of a measurement instrument. Education + Training, 54(2/3), 219-233,
  12. Bolton, D.L. (2012). Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation: Further Investigation of A Measurement Instrument. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 18(1), 91-98.
  13. Bontis, N., Crossan, M. & Hulland, J. (2002) Managing an organizational learning system by aligning stocks and flows. Journal of Management Studies, 39(4), 437 – 69.
  14. Campbell, J. (1990). Modeling the performance prediction problem in industrial and organizational psychology. In M. Dunnette, & L. Hough, Handbook of organizational and industrial psychology (pp. 687-732). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  15. Cangelosi, V. & Dill, W. (1965). Organizational learning: observations toward a theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 10, 175 – 203.
  16. Chang, S-C., Lee, M-S.  (2007).  A  study  on  relationship  among  leadership, organizational culture,  the operation of  learning organization and employees'  job satisfaction. The Learning Organization, 14 (2), 155-185.
  17. Covin, J.G. & Miller, D. (2014). International Entrepreneurial Orientation: Conceptual Considerations, Research Themes, Measurement Issues, and Future Research Directions. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 38(1), 11-44.
  18. Covin, J.G. & Slevin, D.P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75-87.
  19. Covin, J.G. and Lumpkin, G.T. (2011). Entrepreneurial Orientation Theory and Research: Reflections on a Needed Construct. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 35(5), 855-872.
  20. Covin, J.G., Green, K.M. & Slevin, D.P. (2006). Strategic process effects on the entrepreneurial orientation–sales growth rate relationship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1), 57-81.
  21. Dada, O., & Fogg, H. (2016). Organizational learning, entrepreneurial orientation, and the role of university engagement in SMEs. International Small Business Journal, 34(1), 86-104.
  22. De Clercq, D., Dimov, D. & Thongpapanl, N. (2010). The moderating impact of internal social exchange processes on the entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationship. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(1), 87-103.
  23. Dess, G. G., & Robinson, R. B. (1984). Measuring organizational performance in the absence of objective measures: The case of the privately held firm and conglomerate business unit. Strategic Management Journal, 5(3), 265–273.
  24. Dessler, G. (2017). Human Resource Management. Translation by Parsaeian, A. & Aarabi, S. M. Eleventh Edition. Publishers the Cultural Research Bureau, Tehran. (In Farsi)
  25. Edmond, V. & Wiklund, J. (2010). The historic roots of entrepreneurial orientation research. In: H. Landstrom & F. Lohrke (eds.), The historical foundations of entrepreneurship research, Edward Elgar Publishers, Cheltenham, U.K., pp. 142-160.
  26. Elenurm, T. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientations of business students and entrepreneurs. Baltic Journal of Management, 7(2), 217–231.
  27. Fellnhofer, K., Puumalainen, K., & Sjögrén, H. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance – are sexes equal? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 22(3), 346-374.
  28. Filser, M. & Eggers, F. (2014). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance: A Comparative Study of Austria, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. South African Journal of Business Management, 45(1), 55-65.
  29. Frese, M., Brantjes, A., & Hoorn, R. (2002). Psychological success factors of small scale businesses in Namibia: The roles of strategy process, entrepreneurial orientation and the environment. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 7(3), 259.
  30. George, B. A., & Marino, L. (2011). The epistemology of entrepreneurial orientation: Conceptual formation, modeling, and operationalization. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(5), 989-1024.
  31. Ghanbari, S., Eskandari, A. & Farhadi, M. (2017). Investigating the effect of employee’s job autonomy on improving individual and organizational performance by mediation of individual learning and organizational learning. Quarterly Journal of Training & Development of Human Resources, 3(8), 77-95. (In Farsi)
  32. Gilson, L. L. (2008). Why be creative: A review of the practical outcomes associated with creativity at the individual, group, and organizational levels. In J. Zhou& C. E. Shalley (Eds.), Handbook of organizational creativity (pp. 303–322). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  33. Goktan, A.B. & Gupta, V.K. (2013). Sex, gender, and individual entrepreneurial orientation: evidence from four countries. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(1), 95-112.
  34. Gong, Y., Huang, J. C., & Farh, J. L. (2009). Employee Learning Orientation, Transformational Leadership, and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Employee Creative Self-Efficacy. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 765-778
  35. González-Benito, Ó., & González-Benito, J. (2005). Cultural vs. operational market orientation and objective vs. subjective performance: Perspective of production and operations. Industrial Marketing Management, 34(8), 797-829.
  36. Gupta, V. K., & Gupta, A. (2015). Relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance in large organizations over time. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 13(1), 7-27.
  37. Harris, M.L. & Gibson, S.G. (2008). Examining the entrepreneurial attitudes of US business students. Education & Training, 50(7), 568-81.
  38. Hennessey, B. A., & Amabile, T. M. (2010). Creativity. Annual Review of Psychology, 61(1), 569-598.
  39. James, A.W., Timothy, L.P. & Ring, J.K. (2015). Small firm growth as a function of both learning orientation and entrepreneurial orientation: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 21(5), 709-730.
  40. Khedhaouria, A., Gurău, C., & Torrès, O. (2015). Creativity, self-efficacy, and small-firm performance: the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Small Business Economics, 44(3), 485-504.
  41. Krauss, S.I., Frese, M., Friedrich, C. & Unger, J.M. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation: A psychological model of success among southern African small business owners. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 14(3), 315-344.
  42. Kreiser, P.M. (2011). Entrepreneurial orientation and organizational learning: The impact of network range and network closure. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(5), 1025–1050.
  43. Kropp, F., Lindsay, N.J. & Shoham, A. (2008). Entrepreneurial orientation and international entrepreneurial business venture startup. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 14(2), 102-117.
  44.  Lechner, C. & Gudmundsson, S.V. (2014). Entrepreneurial orientation, firm strategy and small firm performance. International Small Business Journal, 32(1), 36-60.
  45. Lehesvirta, T. (2004). Learning processes in a work organization: from individual to collective and/or vice versa? Journal of Workplace Learning, 16(1/2), 92-100.
  46. Licata, J.W., Mowen, J.C., Harris, E.G. & Brown, T.J. (2003). On the trait antecedents and outcomes of service worker job resourcefulness: a hierarchical model approach. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31(3), 256-271.
  47. Lindsay, V., Ashill, N., Roxas, B. & Victorio, A. (2014). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance of microenterprises in an emerging economy. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 22(7), 631-656.
  48. Lumpkin, G.T. & Dess, G.G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
  49. March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2, 71–87
  50. Messersmith, J. G., & Wales, W. J. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in young firms: The role of human resource management. International Small Business Journal, 31(2), 115-136.
  51. Mintzberg, H. (1990). Strategy formation: schools of thought. In J. W. Frederickson (ed.), Perspectives of Strategic Management, pp. 105–235. New York: Harper Business.
  52. Phan, P., Wright, M., Ucbasaran, D., & Tan, W. (2009). Corporate entrepreneurship: Current research and future directions. Journal of Business Venturing, 24, 197–205.
  53. Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12(4), 531–544.
  54. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.
  55. Rahmati, D., Salehi, A., Azizi, A. & Zughi, L. (2012). Individual learning with strategic approach.            Development of Human Resources Management and Support, 19, 41-100. (In Farsi)
  56. Rangriz, H. & Rezaee, S. (2016). Evaluating the Influence of Employee Voice on Employees' Performance and Creativity through the Mediating Role of Job Engagement. Organizational Culture Management. 13(3), 833- 856. (In Farsi)
  57. Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G.T. & Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: an assessment of past research and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 761–787.
  58. Real, J. C., Roldán, J. L., & Leal, A. (2014). From Entrepreneurial Orientation and Learning Orientation to Business Performance: Analyzing the Mediating Role of Organizational Learning and the Moderating Effects of Organizational Size. British Journal of Management, 25, 186–208.
  59.  Schepers, J., Voordeckers, W., Steijvers, T. & Laveren, E. (2014). The entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationship in private family firms: the moderating role of socioemotional wealth. Small Business Economics, 43(1), 39-55.
  60. Senge, P. M. (1990).The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. New York: Doubleday Currency.
  61. Shehu, A.M. and Mahmood, R. (2014). Influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Environment on Small and Medium Firm Performance: A PLS Approach. Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 4(4), 101-114.
  62. Shin, S. J., Kim, T. Y.; Lee, J. Y., Bian, L. (2012). Cognitive Team Diversity and Individual Team Member Creativity: A Cross-Level Integration. Academy of Management Journal, 55, 197-212.
  63. Smart T. D. & Conant S. J. (2011). Entrepreneurial Orientation Distinctive Marketing Competencies and Organizational Performance. Journal of Applied Business Research, 10(3), 28-38.
  64. Smart, D.T. & Conant, J.S. (1994). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Distinctive Marketing Competencies and Organizational Performance. Journal of Applied Business Research, 10 (3), 28-8.
  65.  Soininen, J. S. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation in small firms – values-attitudes-behavior approach. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 19(6), 611-632.
  66. Soltani, I. & Bahrami Nejad Joneghani, R., (2012. The Shared Understanding of Major Issues in the Organizational Layers of Mobarakeh Steel Company. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 19(67), 47-64. (In Farsi)
  67. Song, J. h., Jeong, C-w., & Cho, S. h. (2011). The impact of the learning organization environment  on  the  organizational  learning  process  in  the  Korean  business context. The Learning Organization, 18 (3), 468-485.
  68. Staples, D. S., Hulland, J. S., Higgins, C. A. (1999). A self-efficacy theory explanation for the management of remote workers in virtual organizations. Organization Science, 10(6): 758-776.
  69. Su-Chao Chang & Ming-Shing Lee (2007). A study on relationship among leadership, organizational culture, the operation of learning organization and employees’ job satisfaction. The Learning Organization, 14(2), 155-185
  70. Sue‐Chan, C., & Hempel, P. S. (2016). The Creativity‐Performance Relationship: How Rewarding Creativity Moderates the Expression of Creativity. Human Resource Management, 55(4), 637–653
  71. Sujan, H., Weitz, B. A., & Kumar, N. (1994). Learning orientation, working smart and effective selling. The Journal of Marketing, 39–52.
  72. Suleiman Awwad, M., & Kada Ali, H. (2012). Emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation: The moderating role of organizational climate and employees' creativity. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 115-136.
  73. Tang, J., Tang, Z., Marino, L.D., Zhang, Y., & Li, Q. (2008). Exploring an inverted U-shape relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance in Chinese ventures. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32, 219–239.
  74. Tierney, P., Farmer, S. M., & Graen, G. B. (1999). An examination of leadership and employee creativity: The relevance of traits and relationships. Personnel psychology, 52(3), 591-620.
  75. Van Doorn, S., Jansen, J. J., Van den Bosch, F. A., & Volberda, H. W. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: Drawing attention to the senior team. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(5), 821-836.
  76. Vij, S. & Bedi, H.S. (2012). Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance: A Review of Literature. IUP Journal of Business Strategy, 9(3), 17-31.
  77. Wales, W. J., Gupta, V. K., & Mousa, F. T. (2011). Empirical research on entrepreneurial orientation: An assessment and suggestions for future research. International Small Business Journal, 31(4), 357-383.
  78. Wales, W. J., Parida, V., & Patel, P. C. (2013). Too much of a good thing? Absorptive capacity, firm performance, and the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Strategic Management Journal, 34(5), 622-633.
  79. Walter, A., Auer, M. & Ritter, T. (2005). The impact of network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin-off performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(4):541-567.
  80. Wang, C. L. (2008). Entrepreneurial orientation, learning orientation, and firm performance. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 32(4), 635-657.
  81. Wang, G., & Netemeyer, R. G. (2004). Salesperson Creative Performance: Conceptualization, Measurement, and Nomological Validity. Journal of Business Research, 57 (8), 805-812.
  82. Wiklund, J. & Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: A configurational approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 20, 71–91.
  83. Yamakawa, Y., Peng, M.W., & Deeds, D.L. (2008). What drives new ventures to internationalize from emerging to developed economies? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32, 59–82.
  84. Yang, J. (2010). Antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction in the hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29, 609-619.
  85. Zhang, M., Sarker, S. & Sarker, S. (2013). Drivers and export performance impacts of IT capability in 'born-global' firms: A cross-national study. Information Systems Journal, 23(5), 419-443
تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران
دوره 49، شماره 2
تیر 1397
صفحه 263-277

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار