بررسی اثرات عوامل اقتصادی، انرژی‏‌های تجدیدپذیر، نوآوری و شهرنشینی بر پایداری محیط‌زیست (مطالعه موردی: کشورهای منطقه خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیع ساری، ساری، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

انتشار دی‌اکسیدکربن ، به‌عنوان  مهم‌ترین گاز گلخانه‌ای و عامل  اصلی تغییرات نامطلوب زیست‌محیطی، یکی از  جدی‌ترین چالش‌های جهانی به‌شمار می‌رود و همواره کانون توجه  پژوهشگران و سیاست‌گذاران  بوده است. کشورهای خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا به ‌دلیل تولید و مصرف گسترده سوخت‌های فسیلی و سهم بالای دی‌اکسیدکربن در انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای، نیازمند مطالعه‌ای ویژه در این  حوزه‌اند.  از‌این‌رو، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل تأثیر چند عامل کلیدی اقتصادی و فناورانه شامل تولید برق از انرژی تجدیدپذیر، پیچیدگی اقتصادی، نوآوری، توسعه مالی و شهرنشینی بر شاخص‌ پایداری محیط‌ زیست (انتشار دی‌اکسیدکربن ) در ۱۵ کشور منتخب منطقه  طی بازه زمانی 1996 تا 2022 انجام شد. برای این منظور،  از داده‌های  پنل و تکنیک اقتصادسنجی Driscoll-Kraay  استفاده شد. نتایج برآورد مدل  نشان داد  پیچیدگی اقتصادی و توان دوم آن اثری معنادار بر انتشار دی‌اکسیدکربن ندارند. در مقابل، شهرنشینی اثر منفی و معنادار بر انتشار دی‏اکسید‏کربن  نشان داد. تولید برق از انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر نیز اثر منفی و بسیار معنادار بر انتشار دی‌اکسیدکربن  نشان داد. درحالی‌که  نوآوری و توسعه مالی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر انتشار دی‌اکسیدکربن داشتند که بیانگر نقش آن‌ها در افزایش فعالیت‌های صنعتی و تشدید آلودگی است. این  پژوهش بر ضرورت تمرکز سیاست‌گذاران بر گسترش انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، هدایت نوآوری به سمت فناوری‌های سبز، طراحی چارچوب‌های مالی پایدار و مدیریت شهری هوشمند تأکید دارد. اجرای این اقدامات می‌تواند ضمن کاهش  آثار زیست‌محیطی، مسیر توسعه پایدار را هموار سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effects of Economic Factors, Renewable Energy, Innovation, and Urbanization on Environmental Sustainability: A Case Study of Middle East and North Africa Countries

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Asadpour Kordi 1
  • Hamid Amirnejad 1
  • kamal Ataie Solout 1
  • Mohammad Bahadori 2
1 Department of Agricultural Economics Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
2 Department of Agricultural Economics Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, as the main greenhouse gas and a key factor of adverse environmental changes, have been one of the most important global challenges and the focus of researchers and policymakers in recent years. The Middle East and North Africa countries, due to the extensive production and consumption of fossil fuels and the high share of CO2in greenhouse gas emissions, require special study in this field. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of several key economic and technological factors, including renewable electricity generation, economic complexity, innovation, financial development, and urbanization, on the environmental sustainability indicator (CO₂ emissions) in 15 countries of the study region over the period 1996 to 2022. In this study, panel data and the Driscoll-Kraay econometric technique were employed to examine the effect of these factors on CO2emissions. The estimation results of the model using the Driscoll-Kraay method showed that economic complexity and its squared term had no significant effect on CO2 emissions. In contrast, urbanization had a negative and significant effect on CO2 emissions. Electricity generation from renewable energy also had a negative and highly significant effect on CO2 emissions. Meanwhile, innovation and financial development had a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions, indicating their role in increasing industrial activities and intensifying pollution. This research emphasizes the necessity of policymakers’ focus on expanding renewable energy, directing innovation toward green technologies, designing sustainable financial frameworks, and implementing smart urban management. Implementing these measures can, in addition to reducing environmental impacts, pave the way for sustainable development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carbon Dioxide Emissions
  • Economic Complexity Index
  • Financial Development Index
  • Panel Data

مراجع

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تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران
دوره 57، شماره 2
تیر 1405
صفحه 299-315

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