نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
2 گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملی مهارت، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
Extended Abstract
Objectives
The production of oilseeds plays a vital role in saving foreign currency, economic development, security, and food independence of the country. Accordingly, identifying practical solutions is important to the sustainable development of the cultivated area as well as total production considering the country's needs. Due to the availability of autumn and spring genotypes, it is possible to cultivate rapeseed in different regions and climates of the country. The adaptability of rapeseed to the country's diverse climatic conditions has also placed a plan to increase oilseed production on the agenda of the executive officials of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Iran. Farmers' acceptance of rapeseed has made the cultivation of this crop common in almost all counties of the Khuzestan province. The curret study aimed to (1) investigate and identify economic, social and environmental factors affecting the development of rapeseed cultivation in Behbahan county, Khuzestan province, Iran and (2) Analysis and prioritization of economic, social and environmental factors affecting the development of rapeseed cultivation using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method.
Methods
The present study was conducted in Behbahan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran in 2022-2023. Given that the research was based on the opinions of agronomy experts in the study area, in this study, expert rapeseed farmers in Behbahan County were selected as the statistical population (characteristics of expert farmers as follows: higher yield per ha compared to the other farmers, cultivated area of more than five hectares, and activity history of more than 15 years). The statistical sample included 30 expert rapeseed farmers. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The consistency rate was used to confirm the reliability of the questionnaires. Data are considered reliable if the consistency of the questionnaire is less than 0.1. The obtained variables and indicators were identified with the consultation of experts and experienced professors. Lastly, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and Expert Choice software were used to identify and prioritize factors affecting the development of rapeseed cultivation in Behbahan city, Khuzestan province, Iran.
Results
In this research, most of the target farmers (46%) were over 50 years old. Furthermore, 75% of farmers in this study had no academic education, of which 24% were illiterate. 53% of farmers had also more than 15 years of work experience in agriculture job. The results revealed that economic (0.458), environmental (0.434), and social factors (0.108) are prioritized in expanding rapeseed cultivation, respectively. The results of ranking the sub-factors related to each of the economic, environmental, and social factors in expanding rapeseed cultivation also indicated that the sub-factors of guaranteed purchase, soil fertility, and work experience in agriculture job had a higher priority than other sub-factors. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the sub-factors of soil fertility and guaranteed purchase will be in first and second priorities, respectivetily, if the weight of the economic criterion is reduced from 0.48 to 0.43.If the weight of the environmental factor is reduced from 0.43 to 0.38, the sub-factors of guaranteed purchase and selling price will be placed first and second priorities, respectively. If the weight of the social factor is decreased from 0.10 to 0.05, the sub-factors of guaranteed purchase and soil fertility are placed first and second priorities, respectively.
Discussion
Our findings clearly specified that the economy was identified as the most important factor in expanding rapeseed cultivation among farmers; and guaranteed purchase of the produced rapeseed grain was identified as the most effective sub-factor. Indeed, the Iranian government can hope to increase the area under rapeseed cultivation in the study region by guaranteeing the purchase. The sub-factor of work experience in the agriculture job (as a social factor) was the second most effective factor in the development of rapeseed cultivation. In this context, the more experienced farmers were, the more inclined they were to cultivate rapeseed, which can be attributed to the ability of farmers to manage planting to harvesting rapeseed compared to farmers with less experience. Soil fertility (as a environmental factor) was also the third most important factor for farmers to expand rapeseed cultivation; cultivating rapeseed improves soil fertility for planting other crops.Since the development of rapeseed cultivation alongside other oilseeds greatly reduces the country's dependence on imports of vegetable oil and meal, it is expected that the insights gained from this research will help managers and planners to develop rapeseed cultivation and planning based on economic, environmental, and social factors and their priorities from the perspective of rapeseed farmers and achieve more sustainable results in the areas of self-sufficiency and food security.
For research articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided. The following statements should be used “Conceptualization, M. A., F.T. and H.E-N.; methodology, M.A. and H. E-N.; software, F.T. and H.E-N.; validation, M.A. and H.E-N.; formal analysis, F.T. and H.E-N.; investigation, F.T.; resources, M.A. ans F.T.; data curation, F.T.; writing—original draft preparation, F.T.; writing—review and editing, M.A. and H.E-N.; visualization, M.A. and H.E-N.; supervision, M.A.; project administration, H.E-N.; funding acquisition, M.A.. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.”
“Data available on request from the authors”
Special Thanks to the Research Deputy of Tarbiat Modares University for the financial support of the M.Sc. thesis of the first author. Also, authors would like to thank all rapeseed producers of the Behbahan county as the participants of the present study.
The authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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