Investigating the intention of beach seine cooperatives fishermen to participate in fisheries tourism in the Caspian Sea Coastline

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Iranian Fisheries Scence, Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Fisheries tourism is a relatively new style of tourism in many countries, which has brought many benefits to both sectors by merging the tourism and fishing sectors. To create and develop fisheries tourism, the participation of the local community, including the fishermen community, as one of the most important groups related to fisheries tourism, is considered an effective tool and an important element. Among the most important prerequisites for the participation of communities in the development of fisheries tourism is the intention of these communities to participate. Therefore, this research was conducted with the general purpose of investigating the intention of fishermen to participate in fisheries tourism and the factors affecting it. This research is practical in terms of purpose, is descriptivr - correlational in terms of analysis, and has been carried out through survey relying on the theory of planned behavior. The statistical population in this research was fishermen who are members of beach seine cooperatives in the Caspian Sea Coastline(N=9594). Due to the distribution of fishermen in the three provinces of Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan, the sample size of the study was determined to be 209 fishermen and the samples were selected using the multi-stage random sampling method. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire, which was designed based on the theoretical framework of the research and based on the The Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB). The results showed that fishermen who are members of beach seine cooperatives in the Caspian Sea Coastline have a high intention to accept and participate in the implementation of fisheries tourism. The results also showed that participation in the program "watching the local fish markets by fisheries tourists" has the highest level of intention among all fisheries tourism activities among the fishermen of beach seine cooperatives. They also expressed their intention to participate in programs for "watching beach seine fishing and throwing nets". "staying in the house of local people and being familiar with local fishing communities (cultures and customs)" and cooperation to "participation in local festivals related to fisheries" were other activities that fishermen were interested in participating them.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Extended Abstract

Objectives

To identify the factors affecting the intention of fishermen to participate in fisheries tourism in the Caspian Sea Coastline, it is necessary to conduct exploratory research so that finally solutions can be proposed to attract fishermen to participate in fisheries tourism. Therefore, this research was conducted with the main purpose of investigating the intention of fishermen to participate in fisheries tourism and the factors affecting it. The results of this research can be very significant. First of all, Iran has not made any progress in this field, despite its great potential in the field of tourism and fisheries. Therefore, the results of this study can be used by tourism and fisheries policymakers. Secondly, this research develops the literature on fisheries tourism in Iran. Because the review of tourism literature shows that so far, no separate and comprehensive research has been done on fisheries tourism in Iran. Finally, the results of this research determine what principles and items should be considered in planning and implementation for the development of fisheries tourism in the Caspian Sea Coastline.

 

Methods

This research is practical in terms of purpose, is descriptive-correlational in terms of analysis, and has been carried out through a survey relying on the DTPB. The statistical population of this research were fishermen who were members of beach seine cooperatives in the Caspian Sea Coastline (N=9594). The sample size was determined to be 209 fishermen. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire based on the DTPB. The questionnaire was validated based on the views of experts and the reliability of the questionnaire calculated based on Coronbach Alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed using SPSS27.

 

Results

The results of the research showed that fisheries tourism can increase the employment rate of young people and women in coastal areas, it plays a role in creating added value for local fishing products, traditional fishing and handicrafts, and developing environmental activities, from the point of view of the fishermen studied. In addition, fisheries tourism can preserve and strengthen the customs of the region. The results of the total average variable of resource facilitating conditions showed that there are enough attractions in the studied area for fisheries tourism and the climate of this area is suitable for fisheries tourism. The average score of the intention for fisheries tourism by the fishermen who are members of beach seine cooperatives in the Caspian Sea Coastline was 3.59. The results showed that the item "I would like to take fishing tourists to see the local fish markets" with an average of 4.36 was assigned the highest rank among the items related to the intention of fishermen in fisheries tourism. After that, the item "I tend to take tourists to watch beach seine fishing and throwing nets " with an average of 4.18, and the item "I tend to have tourists stay at my home or local natives and learn about the cultures, traditions and fishing crafts of local fishing communities" with an average of 4.01, and the item "I am willing to cooperate for the participation of tourists in local festivals related to fisheries" with an average of 3.92 was in the next ranks. The results of multiple regression showed that the three variables of attitude, mental norm and perceived behavioral control are able to explain nearly half of the percentage changes of the tendency variable (0.498).

 

Discussion

One of the most important aspects of the concept of fisheries tourism is local fishermen as providers of fisheries tourism services. Fishermen will look for logical reasons to do or not do any action, behavior and action to accept fisheries tourism in addition to their fishing work as a source of income that will reduce the pressure on marine resources. According to the results, it is essential to provide various facilities to fishermen to start fisheries tourism. The use of practical methods will be more welcomed by the fishing community to increase the knowledge and skills of fishermen. It is suggested that by benefiting from the opinions of key and influential people in the Caspian Sea Coastline, the role of those around fishermen should be used in persuading them to accept fisheries tourism. The comparison of fishermen's intention to activities and attractions of fisheries tourism and the feasibility of these activities shows that there is a great similarity between the ranking of activities and attractions of fisheries tourism in terms of the intention of fishermen to accept and participate in it and their understanding of the feasibility of that activity. Fishery tourism policymakers and planners should keep in mind that before starting the development of fisheries tourism in the Caspian Sea Coastline, fishermen and local groups should be well justified regarding the benefits of fisheries tourism from the economic, environmental and social aspects.

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Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
Volume 54, Issue 4
April 2023
Pages 761-788

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