Factors affecting the adaptation behavior of farmers to floods: (Case study: Aligudarz county)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

Abstract

Floods have many effects on the aspects of the life of rural households, especially those whose livelihood depends on agriculture. During floods, much economic and social damage is caused to farmers and their livelihoods. Therefore, in order to reduce damages and increase the flexibility of farmers to the negative consequences of floods, it is necessary to adopt flood adaptation strategies. Knowledge about farmers' perceptions, attitudes, and behavior towards floods can reduce their vulnerability and increase their adaptive response to floods. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the adaptation behavior of farmers to floods by using the protection motivation theory. The studied sample included 384 farmers of Aligudarz County, who were selected by a three-stage cluster sampling method. The result of structural equation modeling showed that the variables of perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, response costs, response efficiency, and perceived self-efficacy explained %38 of the changes in farmers' adaptive behavior to floods. Also, the perceived self-efficacy variable with a value of 0.31 had the most significant effect on the adaptation behavior of farmers against floods. The findings of this study can help executive organizations such as agricultural jihad and natural resources to inform and train farmers to adapt to floods.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Extended Abstract

Objectives

Iran is located in a disaster-prone region, and faces many natural disasters every year; from storms and floods to earthquakes. In recent years, Iran has faced a significant increase in the occurrence of disasters mainly due to the emergence of human climate changes (Seddighi and Seddighi, 2020). The increase in the frequency of floods has caused severe damage to society from financial, social, and physical aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt flood adaptation strategies to reduce damages and increase the resilience of rural households against the negative consequences of floods. Adaptable behavior will allow farmers to reduce the costs of climate change and even invest in new opportunities. Identifying factors influencing farmers' adaptation behavior can help policymakers to intervene and address the future challenges of sustainable development and climate change. A clear understanding of the factors influencing farmers' decision-making is essential. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the adaptation behavior of farmers to floods in Aligudarz county.

Methods

The study used the descriptive survey design. The statistical population of this study included all farmers of Aligudarz Township (N=15925). The sample size using Cochran's formula was 384 people. A three-stage cluster sampling method was used to select the samples.A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data.  To measure the validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of expert panels in the fields of agricultural extension, rural development, and climatology were used to improve the questionnaire.To measure the validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of expert panels in the fields of agricultural extension, rural development and climate change were used, and their opinions were taken into account to improve the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaires was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS25 and Smart PLS3 software.

 

Results

The results of the farmers' adaptation behaviors ranking showed that the adaptation behaviors of "diversity in livelihood activities", "diversification of crops" and "agricultural products insurance" are ranked first based on the average. While the behavior of " changing in crop type and variety " ranks last with the lowest average. The results showed that the variables of perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, response costs, response efficiency, and perceived self-efficacy explain 0.38 of the variable changes in the adaptation behavior of farmers to floods. The results of the structural model showed that the variable of perceived self-efficacy with an influence coefficient of 0.31 has the greatest effect on the adaptation behavior of farmers. After that, the variables of response efficiency (β=0.30), perceived intensity (β=0.27), perceived sensitivity (β=0.25) and response costs (β=0.21) have an effect on farmers' adaptation behavior, respectively.

 

Discussion

The test of the first hypothesis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the perceived sensitivity of farmers and adaptive behavior. Perceived sensitivity means how much the farmer believes that he will suffer from the negative consequences of the flood. In other words, farmers who directly perceive the vulnerability of flood damage such as house destruction, damage to fields and gardens, loss of livestock, and loss of crops, are more likely to implement flood adaptation measures. This result was consistent with the findings of Delfiyan et al (2021) and Haden et al (2012). Also, according to the results of the second hypothesis test, there was a positive and significant relationship between farmers' perceived intensity and adaptive behavior. This finding was in line with the results of Savari Mombeni et al (2022) and Asrat & Simane (2018). Therefore, it can be said that the perceived severity of the danger is one of the psychological dimensions affecting adaptation behavior. Perceived severity refers to the negative consequences that a person associates with an event or outcome such as a flood. If farmers understand the harm caused by floods such as damage to the farm, destruction of property and assets, loss of livestock, and health problems, they are more likely to show adaptive behaviors. Finally, according to the results of the hypothesis test, there was a positive and significant relationship between response self-efficacy and farmers' adaptive behavior. This finding was in line with the research results of Arbuckle et al (2013) and Ghanian et al (2020).

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Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
Volume 55, Issue 2
August 2024
Pages 309-330

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