Identifying and analyzing the actors of Iran Agricultural Food Safety Innovation Network: Application of social network analysis approach

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Karaj. Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Karaj. Iran

3 Professor ,Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Karaj. Iran

4 Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Karaj. Iran

Abstract

The growing global population has led the United Nations to predict that the world's population will increase from seven billion to eight billion by 2025 and 9.6 billion by 2050. This population growth has increased the need for food supply. Also, the 20% increase in annual food consumption in the last decade has exacerbated the problem of insufficient food production, leading to maximum utilization of crops, fertilizers, chemical pesticides, and genetic modification to increase agricultural food production. This approach has led to environmental problems, ecosystem pollution, and more importantly, food pollution and food insecurity, and endangering human health and the occurrence of various diseases, poisonings, and cancers. One of the most important sources of competitive advantage in this way is the capacity for innovation, which, despite its great importance, its success requires access to new knowledge. Given the costly and time-consuming creation of new knowledge by a single organization and that not all the knowledge needed for innovation and intelligent, innovative, and creative people in an organization, using an innovation network consisting of various actors related to food safety is a suitable and helpful solution to use a maximum of knowledge to create innovation in this field. This research uses a qualitative-quantitative research method, snowball sampling method, and in-depth interviews with experts and experts in organizations/companies related to agricultural food safety to identify the food safety innovation network and design a questionnaire from the qualitative stage collecting information. Drawing relationships between actors and examining network indicators using UCINET software. The findings of this study identified 21 organizations as actors in this network. Eight actors, including the Food and Drug Administration, Food Industry Group, etc., were the main and central actors, and 13 other actors, including the Food and Drug Administration, Quality Control Laboratory of the Food and Drug Administration, etc., were peripheral activists.

Keywords

References

  1. Agrawal A, Pandey RS, Sharma B (2010) Water pollution with special reference to pesticide contamination in India. J Water Res Prot 2(5):432–448.
  2. Anderson, U. M. Forsgren, and U. Holm. (2002). the strategic impact of external networks: Subsidiary performance and competence development in multinational corporation. Strategic Management Journal. 23, no. 11: 979–96.
  3. Anon (1993). The environmental effects of pesticide drift, Peterborough: English Nature. 9–17. Benefits of pesticides and crop protection chemicals. In: Crop life America. Available from http://www.croplifeamerica.org/crop-protection/benefits. Accessed Dec 22, 2014
  4. Arab, M., Abedi, A., Soleymani, M. h. and Darzi N., A. (2015). The role of water efficiency in food security. Eighth Congress of Pioneers of Progress. University of Tehran, November 19, 2015.
  5. Argote, L., Ingram, P., M Levine, J. and Moreland, R. (2000). Knowledge Transfer in Organizations: Learning from the Experience of Others. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82(1).
  6. Axelrod R (1997) the complexity of cooperation. Agent-based models of competition and collaboration. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
  7. Axelrod R (1997) the complexity of cooperation. Agent-based models of competition and collaboration. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
  8. Babania, S. and Vakilpour, M. H. (2016). Environmental effects of chemical price liberalization on agricultural products. Scientific-Extension Quarterly Science Promotion, 7 (11), October 2016.
  9. Badaracco, J. L. (1991). The knowledge link: How firms compete through strategic alliances. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 3–5.
  10. Becker, G. (2010). The federal food safety system: A primer, congressional research service.
  11. Bodin, O. and Prell, c. (2011). Social network and natural resource management: uncovering the social fabric of environmental governance: Cambridge University press. Available infrom https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511894985.
  12. Bol, Ineke. (2010). the Effect of Knowledge Transfer on Innovation in the Context of Outsourcing. Bachelor Thesis – Organization & Strategy, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
  13. Bozeman, B. and Lee, S. (2005). The Impact of Research Collaboration on Scientific Productivity, Social Science Studies 35(5), pp. 673-702.
  14. Bozeman, B. and Lee, S. (2005). The Impact of Research Collaboration on Scientific Productivity, Social Science Studies 35(5), pp. 673-702.
  15. Ceglie, G. and Dini, M. (1999). SME cluster and network development in developing countries: the experience of UNIDO, paper presented at the international conference on building a modern and Effective Development Service Industry. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, march 2-5.
  16. Ceglie, G. and Dini, M. (1999). SME cluster and network development in developing countries: the experience of UNIDO, paper presented at the international conference on building a modern and Effective Development Service Industry. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, march 2-5.
  17. Chesbrough, H.W. (2006). Open innovation: a new paradigm for understanding industrial innovation. In Chesbrough, H.W., Vanhaverbeke, W. and West, J. (Eds), Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  18. Clarissa, R., Daylinda B., Caballinab, R. and Ancoga, E. (2018). Understanding water pollution management: Evidence and insights from incorporating cultural theory in social network analysis
  19. Coombs, R., Harvey, M. and Tether, B.S. (2003). Analyzing distributed processes of provision and innovation. Industrial & Corporate Change, 12, 1125–1155.
  20. Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design, qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approach 3rd ed. Translated by Kiamanesh, A. and Danaye Tous, M., 2013. Jihad Daneshgahi press.
  21. Ebadi, F. (2004). Food Security and Income Distribution, Deputy for Planning and Budget, Institute for Planning and Agricultural Economics Research.
  22. Ebrahimi Azarkharan, F. (2018). Water governance in watershed based on human-ecological systems (case study: Taleghan watershed). Ph.D. dissertation. Tehran University.
  23. Echols, A. and Tsai, W. (2005). Niche and performance: The moderating role of network embeddedness. Strategic Management Journal 26, no. 3: 219–38.
  24. Echols, A. and Tsai, W. (2005). Niche and performance: The moderating role of network embeddedness. Strategic Management Journal 26, no. 3: 219–38.
  25. (2021). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021: The world is at a critical juncture. From http://www.fao.org/state-of-food-security-nutrition.
  26.  
  27. FAO (2009). High-Level Expert Forum, “Global Agriculture toward 2050”, October 2009.
  28. Ghorbani, M. (2005). Action plan for monitoring and evaluation of social policy hub network in empowering local communities and comprehensive land management. First Edition, Research Institute for Local Community Empowerment and Participatory Natural Resources Management, University of Tehran.
  29. Ghorbani, M. And Jafarian, V. (2016). Social networking and natural resource management. University of Tehran Press.
  30. Goudarzi, F. (2008). Study the factors affecting the food security of rural communities (Case study Dehpyr District of Khorramabad city), MSc Thesis rural development trend of social development, Tehran University, Faculty of Social Sciences. (In Persian).
  31. Henderson, R. M., & Clark, K. B. (1990). “Architectural innovation: The reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms”. Administrative science quarterly, pp. 9-30.
  32. Hicks B (2013) Agricultural pesticides and human health. In: National Association of Geoscience Teachers. From http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/health/case_studies/pesticides.html. Accessed Jan 13, 2014.
  33. Ingoled, K. and Gschwend, M. (2014). Science in policy-making: Natural Expert or strategic Policy-Makers.
  34. Kamkar, B. And Mahdavi Damghani, A. (2008). Fundamentals of sustainable agriculture. University Jihad Publications, first edition, Mashhad. (In Farsi).
  35. Kolleck, Nina. (2013). Social network Analysis in innovation research using a mixed methods approach to analyze social innovations. European Journal of Futures Research. 1. 10.1007/s40309-013-0025-2.
  36. Krejcie, R. V. and Morgan, D. W. (1970) Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement. 30. p. 607-610
  37. Kimiagar, M. and Bazhan, M. (2003). Poverty and malnutrition in Iran, Scientific Welfare Research Chapter, Fifth Year, Issue, pp. 91 -112.
  38. Kline, S.J. and N. Rosenberg (1986), “An Overview of Innovation’ in R. Landau and N. Rosenberg (eds.), the Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth” Washington D.C.: National Academy Press pp. 275-304.
  39. Kogut, B. and Zander, U. (1992). Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology. Organization Science 3 (3) 383-397. Available from in https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.3.3.383.
  40. Lah K (2011) Effects of pesticides on human health. In: Toxipedia. Available from http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Effects+of+Pesticides+on+Human+Health. Accessed Jan 16, 2014.
  41. Leerapong, A. (2013) "Applying Diffusion of Innovation in Online Purchase Intention through Social Network: A Focus Group Study of Facebook in Thailand," Information Management and Business Review, AMH International, vol. 5(3), pages 144-154.
  42. Leahy, J. E. and Anderson, D. H. (2008). Trust factors in community-water resource management agency relationships. Landscape and Urban Planning, 87(2): 100-107
  43. Leinert, J., Schnetzer, F. and Ingold, K. (2013). Stakholder analysis combined with social network analysis provides fine-grained into water infrastructure planning processes. Environmental management, 125, 134-148.
  44. Mahmood I., Imadi S.R., Shazadi K., Gul A., Hakeem K.R. (2016) Effects of Pesticides on Environment. In: Hakeem K., Akhtar M., Abdullah S. (eds) Plant, Soil and Microbes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27455-3_13.
  45. Mahmood M. M. and Mazaheri, M. (2014). Global Standards and Safety Food Nutrition's. 3rd National Conference on Food Science and Technology. Azad Islamic University, March, 2014.
  46. Natalia N. Karpun, Eleonora B. Yanushevskaya, Yelena V. Mikhailova, Javiera Díaz-Torrijo, Yurii A. Krutyakov, Alexander A. Gusev, Alexander Neaman. (2021). Side effects of traditional pesticides on soil microbial respiration in orchards on the Russian Black Sea coast, Chemosphere, Volume 275, ISSN 0045-6535.
  47. Nestle, M. (2003).Safe Food: Bacteria, Biotechnology, and Bioterrorism. University of California Press.
  48. Noori Naeini, S.m.s. (1999). The global dimensions of food security, Articles Collections of food security and agricultural development. Planning and Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, first edition, Tehran. (In Persian).
  49. OECD (2013). Supporting Investment in Knowledge Capital, Growth and Innovation. OECD, Paris.
  50. Polanyi, M. (1967). “The growth of science in society”. Minerva, 5(4), 533-545. From https://www.jstor.org/stable/41821809.
  51. Powell, W.W., Kaput, K.W. and Smith-Doerr, L. (1996). Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: networks of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(1), 116.
  52. Rahbar, F., Mobini Dehkordi, A. (2004). New approach to food security strategy (in terms of stable supply of food), Journal of Economic Studies, 14: 1-18. (In Persian).
  53. Russell, M. G., Still, K., Huhtamäki, J., Yu, J. C., & Rubens, N. (2011). Transforming Innovation Ecosystems through Shared Vision and Network Orchestration. In Proceedings of the Triple Helix IX International Conference: Silicon Valley: Global Model or Unique Anomaly? 11-14 July, 2011, Stanford, California, USA (pp. 1-21
  54. Sarlio-Lahteenkorva, S. and, Lahelma, E, (2001). Food Insecurity is Associated with Past and Present Economic Disadvantage and Body Mass Index. Journal of Nutria food, 131.
  55. Scott, J. (2000). Social network analysis: a handbook. SAGE, Publication.
  56. Seyed Hamzeh, Sh. and Damari, B. (2017). Conceptual model of food and nutrition security in Iran. Journal of the Center for Research on Social Factors Affecting Health. Volume 4, Number 3, July. 2017. (In Farsi).
  57. Shakoori, A. (2004). Food security and access to it in Iran, Social Science Journal, 24: 133-160. (In Persian).
  58. Teece DJ (1986) Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Res Pol 15(6):285–305 Teece D (1992) Competition, cooperation, and innovation: organizational arrangements for regimes of rapid technological progress. J Econ Behave Organ 18(1):1–25.
  59. Tudi, Muyesaier and Daniel Ruan, Huada and Wang, Li and Lyu, Jia and Sadler, Ross and Connell, Des and Chu, Cordia and Phung, Dung Tri. (2021). Agriculture Development, Pesticide Application and Its Impact on the Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.Volume 18, Number 3.
  60. United Nations (2012). World Population Prospects: 2012 Revision.
  61. Urze P., Abreu A. (2012) Knowledge Transfer Assessment in a Co-innovation Network. In: Camarinha-Matos L.M., Xu L., Afsarmanesh H. (Eds) Collaborative Networks in the Internet of Services. PRO-VE 2012. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 380. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  62. Tessa van der Valk, T., Chappin, M. and Gijsbers, G. W. (2011) Evaluating innovation networks in emerging technologies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,Volume 78, Issue 1, Pages 25-39,
  63. Worosz, M. R., Knight, A. J., Harris, and Conner, D. (2008). Barriers to Entry into the Specialty Red Meat Sector: The Role of Food Safety Regulation. SOUTHERN RURAL SOCIOLOGY, 23(1), 2008, pp. 170-207.
  64. Xuemei Xie, Liangxiu Fang and Saixing Zeng (2016). Collaborative innovation network and knowledge transfer performance: An fsQCA approach. Journal of Business Research, 69 (2016) 5210–5215.
  65. Yokura, Y., Matsubara, H. and Sternberg, R. (2013). R&D networks and regional innovation: A social network analysis of joint research projects in Japan. Area. 45. 10.1111/area.12055
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
Volume 53, Issue 3
January 2022
Pages 647-670

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics