Assessment and Comparative Evaluation of Livability of Villages with and without Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Activities (Case Study: Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions , Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 MSc in Natural Resources, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions , Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

4 Ph.D. Student of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Geography, Payame Noor University, Tehran , Iran

Abstract

The relationship between rural livability and the sustainability of basic production resources is an issue that has not been seriously considered so far. Of course, due to the crisis of natural resources and the environment and the unsustainability of rural settlements, it is becoming increasingly important. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of soil protection and watershed management activities on rural livability in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. The statistical population included the residents of the studied villages and the sample size was 143 people. This research is applied in terms of purpose and based on the research strategy, it is a survey type and a questionnaire tool has been used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire obtained using content validity and its reliability obtained through Cronbach's alpha. SPSS18 software used for data analysis. Findings showed that the livability level of villages with watershed management and soil protection was significantly different from the viability level of villages without these plans. In other words, it can be concluded that watershed management projects can improve living conditions in rural areas and, of course, in the long run, increase the level of satisfaction with life and activity in rural areas. It is suggested that in order to improve the livability of mountain villages, special attention should be paid to watershed management measures so that the sustainable use of natural resources and mountain products is considered as the main livelihood strategy by rural households.

Keywords

References

  1. Ali Akbari, E; & Akbari, M (2016) Interpretive Structural Modeling of Factors Affecting Tehran Metropolitan Livability, Journal of Space Planning and Preparation, 21(1), 1-31. (In Farsi)
  2. Benjamin L. S. (2013). Spatial Pattern of Urban Livability in Himalayan Region: A case of Aizwal City, India. earch, Vol 25, No 117, pp 541-559.
  3. Bolverdi, A. & Beheshti, M. (2016). Economic Evaluation of Watershed Management Projects (Case Study of Dam Basin Watershed), 5th National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran, Mehr-e-Arvand Higher Education Institute, Eco-Friendly Promotion Group nature of Iran. (In Farsi)
  4. Boozorjomahri, K., Ismaili, K., & Romiani, A. (2017). The Role of Native Villagers' Knowledge in the Rural Livability, Case Study: Devin and Tokour Villages of Shirvan County, Journal of Geography and Urban-Regional Planning, 7(24), 110-93. (In Farsi)
  5. Danielaini, T. Maheshwari, B. & Hagare, D. (2019). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of perceived liveability in the context of socio-ecohydrology: evidence from the urban and peri-urban Cirebon-Indonesia, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Vol 62, No 12, pp 1-29.
  6. de Chazal, J. (2010). A Systems Approach to Livability and Sustainability: Defining Terms and Mapping Relationships to Link Desires with Ecological Opportunities and Constraints. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 27 (5), 585–597.
  • (2014). The Needs of Society: A New Understanding of Transitions, Sustainability and Liveability. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 85, 121–132.

 

  1. Faham, E. Rezvanfar, A. &Movahed Mohammadi, S. (2015). Content Analysis of Sustainability Concepts in Agricultural Courses at Campus of Agriculture at University of Tehran, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 46(3), 529-540. (In Farsi)
  2. Ghodrati, A., Nezami, M., Khaja, E. & Babri, M. (2010). Investigation of Watershed Management Operations for Soil Conservation and Reduction of Erosion and Sedimentation in Masouleh Roudkhan basin (Guilan), Second National Conference on Water Resources Management, Kerman, Shahid Bahonar University, Society of Irrigation and Water Engineering. (In Farsi)
  3. Hayati, A. & Bazrafshan, O. (2015). Assessing the Social and Economic Impacts of Watershed Management Case Study: Bushkan-Bushehr Basin, National Conference on Future Research, Humanities and Development, Shiraz, Iran Modern Education Development Center. (In Farsi)
  4. Heidari, T., Shamaei, A., Sasanpour, F., Soleimani, M., & Ahadnejad Reveshti, M. (2017). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Livability of Urban Decay Textures (Case Study: Decayed Texture of Central Zanjan City), Scientific- Ahar Geographical Space Research, 17(57), 1-25. (In Farsi)
  5. Hosseini, S., Nazari, M., & Iraqi Nejad, S. (2013). Investigating the Impact of Climate Change on the Agricultural Sector with Emphasis on the Role of Adaptation Strategies in the Sector, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 44(1), 1-16. (In Farsi)
  6. Iran Census Center
  7. Jacobs, A., & Appleyard, D. (1987). Toward an urban design manifesto. Journal of the American Planning Association, 53(1), 112–120.
  8. Jamali, A., Hassanzadeh Nafouti, M., & Raisi, N. (2013). The Impact of Watershed Management Activities on the Social Economic Issues of the Drainage Basin of Nik Shahr County, 9th National Conference on Watershed Management Science and Engineering, Yazd, Yazd University . (In Farsi)
  9. Jomehpour, M. & Tahmasebi, S. (2013). Explaining the Livability and Quality of Life in Suburban Villages (Case Study: Central District of Shahriar County), Physical Planning Research Journal, 1(3), 60-41. (In Farsi)
  10. Karami dehkordi, E. (2010). A Country Report: Challenges Facing Iranian Agriculture and Natural Resource Management in the Twenty-First Human Ecology, 38(2), 295-303.
  11. Khorasani, M. (2012). Explaining the livability of suburban villages with quality of life approach (Case study: Varamin county). Doctoral dissertation, Geography and Rural Planning, with guidance: Dr. Mohammad Reza Razvani, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran. (In Farsi)
  12. Khorasani, M. & Razvani, M. (2013). Analysis of the Relationship between the livability of Suburban Villages with Service Provision (Case Study: Varamin County), Spatial Planning Research, 3(3), 1-16. (In Farsi)
  13. McCann, E. J. (2007). Inequality and politic city-region: Questions of Livability and state strategy. International Journal of and Regional Research, 31(1), 188-196.
  14. Mehrdoust, K., Shams, A., & Karami Dehkordi, E. (2013). Factors Affecting Rural People's Participation in Watershed Management Projects (Case Study: Dorood Faraman and Lal Abad basin of Kermanshah County), Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 3(3), 399-409. (In Farsi)
  • (2018). Sustainability Analysis of Macro and Sector Policies of Agricultural in Five Year Programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 2(1), 43-58. (In Farsi)
  1. Myers, D. (1987). Community relevant measurement of quality of life: A focus on local trends, Urban Affairs Quarterly, 23, 108-125.
  2. National Association of Regional Councils (2010). The Livable Communities Act of 2011, Authenticated U.S Government Information.
  3. Paul, A. & Sen, J. (2018). Livability assessment within a metropolis based on the impact of integrated urban geographic factors (IUGFs) on clustering urban centers of Kolkata, Cities, 74, 142–150.
  4. Rezvani, M. (2005). An Introduction to Rural Development Planning in Iran, Ghoomes Publishing, First Edition, Tehran. (In Farsi)
  • , M (1998). Sustainable community development: integrating environmental, economic, and social objectives. Brill publication, New York.
  1. Sadeghlou, T., & Sajasi Gheidari, H. (2014). Investigating the Relevance of Rural Settlements to Rural Resilience against to Natural Risks in Rural Areas of Maraveh Tapeh and Palizan District. Journal of Crisis Management Research, 6, 37-44. (In Farsi)
  • 2003) Urban environmental Quality and human wellbeing-towards a conceptual framework and of concepts: A literature study. Landscape and Urban
  1. Veenhoven, R. (1996a). Developments in Satisfaction-Research. Social Indicators Research, 37 (1): 1–46.
  2. Veenhoven, R. (1996b). Happy Life-Expectancy. Social Indicators Research, 39 (1): 1–58.
  3. Veenhoven, R., & Ouweneel, P. (1995). Livability of the Welfare-State. Social Indicators Research, 36 (1), 1–48.
  4. Velayati, S. & Kadivar, A. (2012). Environmental Challenges of Forests and Rangelands of Iran and Its Consequences, Geography and Regional Development Journal, 4(7), 53-72.
  5. Vergunst, P. (2003). Livability and ecological land use the challenge of localization, PhD Thesis, in Department of Rural Development Studies, Swedish University of Agriculture.
  6. Victorian, C., & Efiiciency, C. (2008). A State of Livability: An in Inquiry in to enhancing Victoria’s Livability. Analysis and Policy Observatory (APO).

Yan, J., Wn, Q., & Lin, J. (2012). Understanding indigenous Knowledge in sustainable management of natural resources in china taking two villages from Guizhou Province as a case, Forest Policy and Economic, 22, 47-52

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Ali Akbari, E; & Akbari, M (2016) Interpretive Structural Modeling of Factors Affecting Tehran Metropolitan Livability, Journal of Space Planning and Preparation, 21(1), 1-31. (In Farsi)
  2. Benjamin L. S. (2013). Spatial Pattern of Urban Livability in Himalayan Region: A case of Aizwal City, India. earch, Vol 25, No 117, pp 541-559.
  3. Bolverdi, A. & Beheshti, M. (2016). Economic Evaluation of Watershed Management Projects (Case Study of Dam Basin Watershed), 5th National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran, Mehr-e-Arvand Higher Education Institute, Eco-Friendly Promotion Group nature of Iran. (In Farsi)
  4. Boozorjomahri, K., Ismaili, K., & Romiani, A. (2017). The Role of Native Villagers' Knowledge in the Rural Livability, Case Study: Devin and Tokour Villages of Shirvan County, Journal of Geography and Urban-Regional Planning, 7(24), 110-93. (In Farsi)
  5. Danielaini, T. Maheshwari, B. & Hagare, D. (2019). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of perceived liveability in the context of socio-ecohydrology: evidence from the urban and peri-urban Cirebon-Indonesia, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Vol 62, No 12, pp 1-29.
  6. de Chazal, J. (2010). A Systems Approach to Livability and Sustainability: Defining Terms and Mapping Relationships to Link Desires with Ecological Opportunities and Constraints. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 27 (5), 585–597.
  • (2014). The Needs of Society: A New Understanding of Transitions, Sustainability and Liveability. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 85, 121–132.

 

  1. Faham, E. Rezvanfar, A. &Movahed Mohammadi, S. (2015). Content Analysis of Sustainability Concepts in Agricultural Courses at Campus of Agriculture at University of Tehran, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 46(3), 529-540. (In Farsi)
  2. Ghodrati, A., Nezami, M., Khaja, E. & Babri, M. (2010). Investigation of Watershed Management Operations for Soil Conservation and Reduction of Erosion and Sedimentation in Masouleh Roudkhan basin (Guilan), Second National Conference on Water Resources Management, Kerman, Shahid Bahonar University, Society of Irrigation and Water Engineering. (In Farsi)
  3. Hayati, A. & Bazrafshan, O. (2015). Assessing the Social and Economic Impacts of Watershed Management Case Study: Bushkan-Bushehr Basin, National Conference on Future Research, Humanities and Development, Shiraz, Iran Modern Education Development Center. (In Farsi)
  4. Heidari, T., Shamaei, A., Sasanpour, F., Soleimani, M., & Ahadnejad Reveshti, M. (2017). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Livability of Urban Decay Textures (Case Study: Decayed Texture of Central Zanjan City), Scientific- Ahar Geographical Space Research, 17(57), 1-25. (In Farsi)
  5. Hosseini, S., Nazari, M., & Iraqi Nejad, S. (2013). Investigating the Impact of Climate Change on the Agricultural Sector with Emphasis on the Role of Adaptation Strategies in the Sector, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 44(1), 1-16. (In Farsi)
  6. Iran Census Center
  7. Jacobs, A., & Appleyard, D. (1987). Toward an urban design manifesto. Journal of the American Planning Association, 53(1), 112–120.
  8. Jamali, A., Hassanzadeh Nafouti, M., & Raisi, N. (2013). The Impact of Watershed Management Activities on the Social Economic Issues of the Drainage Basin of Nik Shahr County, 9th National Conference on Watershed Management Science and Engineering, Yazd, Yazd University . (In Farsi)
  9. Jomehpour, M. & Tahmasebi, S. (2013). Explaining the Livability and Quality of Life in Suburban Villages (Case Study: Central District of Shahriar County), Physical Planning Research Journal, 1(3), 60-41. (In Farsi)
  10. Karami dehkordi, E. (2010). A Country Report: Challenges Facing Iranian Agriculture and Natural Resource Management in the Twenty-First Human Ecology, 38(2), 295-303.
  11. Khorasani, M. (2012). Explaining the livability of suburban villages with quality of life approach (Case study: Varamin county). Doctoral dissertation, Geography and Rural Planning, with guidance: Dr. Mohammad Reza Razvani, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran. (In Farsi)
  12. Khorasani, M. & Razvani, M. (2013). Analysis of the Relationship between the livability of Suburban Villages with Service Provision (Case Study: Varamin County), Spatial Planning Research, 3(3), 1-16. (In Farsi)
  13. McCann, E. J. (2007). Inequality and politic city-region: Questions of Livability and state strategy. International Journal of and Regional Research, 31(1), 188-196.
  14. Mehrdoust, K., Shams, A., & Karami Dehkordi, E. (2013). Factors Affecting Rural People's Participation in Watershed Management Projects (Case Study: Dorood Faraman and Lal Abad basin of Kermanshah County), Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 3(3), 399-409. (In Farsi)
  • (2018). Sustainability Analysis of Macro and Sector Policies of Agricultural in Five Year Programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 2(1), 43-58. (In Farsi)
  1. Myers, D. (1987). Community relevant measurement of quality of life: A focus on local trends, Urban Affairs Quarterly, 23, 108-125.
  2. National Association of Regional Councils (2010). The Livable Communities Act of 2011, Authenticated U.S Government Information.
  3. Paul, A. & Sen, J. (2018). Livability assessment within a metropolis based on the impact of integrated urban geographic factors (IUGFs) on clustering urban centers of Kolkata, Cities, 74, 142–150.
  4. Rezvani, M. (2005). An Introduction to Rural Development Planning in Iran, Ghoomes Publishing, First Edition, Tehran. (In Farsi)
  • , M (1998). Sustainable community development: integrating environmental, economic, and social objectives. Brill publication, New York.
  1. Sadeghlou, T., & Sajasi Gheidari, H. (2014). Investigating the Relevance of Rural Settlements to Rural Resilience against to Natural Risks in Rural Areas of Maraveh Tapeh and Palizan District. Journal of Crisis Management Research, 6, 37-44. (In Farsi)
  • 2003) Urban environmental Quality and human wellbeing-towards a conceptual framework and of concepts: A literature study. Landscape and Urban
  1. Veenhoven, R. (1996a). Developments in Satisfaction-Research. Social Indicators Research, 37 (1): 1–46.
  2. Veenhoven, R. (1996b). Happy Life-Expectancy. Social Indicators Research, 39 (1): 1–58.
  3. Veenhoven, R., & Ouweneel, P. (1995). Livability of the Welfare-State. Social Indicators Research, 36 (1), 1–48.
  4. Velayati, S. & Kadivar, A. (2012). Environmental Challenges of Forests and Rangelands of Iran and Its Consequences, Geography and Regional Development Journal, 4(7), 53-72.
  5. Vergunst, P. (2003). Livability and ecological land use the challenge of localization, PhD Thesis, in Department of Rural Development Studies, Swedish University of Agriculture.
  6. Victorian, C., & Efiiciency, C. (2008). A State of Livability: An in Inquiry in to enhancing Victoria’s Livability. Analysis and Policy Observatory (APO).

Yan, J., Wn, Q., & Lin, J. (2012). Understanding indigenous Knowledge in sustainable management of natural resources in china taking two villages from Guizhou Province as a case, Forest Policy and Economic, 22, 47-52

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
Volume 52, Issue 4
November 2021
Pages 761-772

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