Extension education and food security of farmer households (Case study: Qorveh county, Kurdistan Province)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Bue Alisina University, Iran

2 Senior Expert, Agricultural Extension, and Rural Development, Bue Alisina University, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Bue Alisina University, Iran

Abstract

Food security means that all people at all times have access to sufficient food, healthy and nutritious. Food security is a necessity for rural development. The main purpose of this study is survey of the role of extension education on food security of farmer households in Qorveh county (Kurdistan province). The research is an applied type in which descriptive method has been employed. Population of the research consisted of the farmer households in 2013, 198 of whom were selected as a sample through random sampling. To assess the level of food security HFIAS index was used. This index was 9 questions in validity and reliability has been proven in various studies. In addition to descriptive statistics, regression analysis and path analysis were used. The food security situation in survey results show that only 15% of households are food safe. 42.5 with low levels of food insecurity, 31.5 medium security and 11% are severely food insecure. Regression results showed that five variables, nutritional awareness, women's participation, grade promotion, economic strength and number of dependents have the greatest impact household food security.  

Keywords


Alizadeh, K. & Hataminezhad, H. (2011) "The effect of economic conditions on Food Security in Rural Areas (Case Study: Lower Village of the provincial city of Mashhad RAZAVIEH)", Journal of Sepehr twenty-first, Eighty-Second Issue, pp. 88-85.(In Farsi).
Andersen, B. & P.L. Rajul (1995)."Prospects for future world food security". International Rural Development Centre(IRDC).p:4-9
Ansari, B. & Mir Damad, SM. (2007)."The role of rural women in sustainable food security".Sonblh. No. 201, 8-9.)In Farsi)
Asgharian, A. & Karami, E. (2012)."Food security is a step towards sustainable development (case study city care)". )In Farsi)
Azizi, J. (2001) "Agricultural water stability," Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics. Ninth year. No. 36. 137-113. (In Farsi).
Babatunde, R., Owotoki, G., Heidhues, F. & Buchenrieeder, G.(2007). "Vulnerability and food insecurity differentials among male and female – headed farming households in Nigeria". Pakistan journal ofr social scinces4(3): 414-418.
Badri, A., Rukn al-Din eftekhari, A., Salmani, M,. & Bhmnd, D. (2012)." The role of operating systems, farming (family) in Sustainable Rural Development (Case Study: Tar and Karzyn city - province), Research in Human Geography, No. 76. 33-48 ). In Farsi)
Bagheri, SA., zamani ,A., Vakili, M. & Shenavar, R. (2011). "Food Security". Journal of Social workers, Twenty-first year. Number One. 31-30, )In Farsi)
Bakhshi, MR, Samadi, Mohsen & Nassiri brothers, M. (2009) "maintaining the status of Iran in Southwest Asia, according to the explanation variables Grasyb variability and food security", Agricultural Economics and Development. Sixteenth year. No. 63. 50-21(In Farsi).
Bakhtiari, S. & Haghi, Z. (2003). "Assessment of Food Security and Human Development in Islamic Countries". Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development. Salyazdhm. Number 43 and 44. 51-21.)In Farsi)
Benson, T.(2007). "Study of Household Food Security in Urban Slum Areas of Bangladesh".Final Report for World Food Programme – Bangladesh, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C. 20006, Food Consumption and Nutrition Division IFPRI.p; 1-204.
Bizhani., M., Malek Mohammadi, I,. & Yazdani, S. (2009). "Evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural extension activities in the axial plan of wheat in the city of Shiraz in Fars near Shiraz",Science of Agricultural Extension and Education. Volume 4. No. 2. Pp. 79-67.)In Farsi)
Browne J., Laurence S., Thorpe S (2009) Acting on food insecurity in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities: Policy and practice interventions to improve local access and supply of nutritious food“. Retrieved [access date] from http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/health-risks/nutrition/other-reviews.p:1-38.
Brummett R., Gockowski, J., Pouomogne,V., and Muir, J., (2011), "Targeting agricultural research and extension for food security and poverty alleviation: A case study of fish farming in Central Cameroon". Food Policy 36 : 805–814.
Burchi F.(2006) "Identifying the Role of Education in Socio-Economic Development International Conference on Human and Economic Resources", Izmir, 193-206.
Chizari, M., & Balali, H. (2005). "Calculating  and studying (Survey) overall and domestic support of walnut cropin accession to the WTO: A case study of the Hamedan province". Proceedings of   Sixth Conference of Agricultural Economics Iran, Mashhad. )In Farsi)
Dastgiri, S., Mahboubi, S., Tootoonchi, H., & Ostad Rahimi, A.R. (2006). "Factors affecting food insecurity: A cross sectional study in Tabriz (years 1384-1383)". Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 6 (3), 233-239.
Dean, W. R. & Sharkey, J. R(2011) Food insecurity, social capital and perceived personal disparity in a predominantly rural region of Texas: An individual-level analysis, journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/socscimed(72):1454-1462.
Derakhshande, M. (2012). "The role of new technologies in food security". Barzegar (Journal of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry), 1073, 31-33. )In Farsi)
Dini Trkmany, A. (2003). " Assessment and evaluation of food security in the face of competing theoretical approaches to food security." Selected Proceedings from the First Conference on Agriculture and National
Development, Tehran. 953-982(In Farsi).
Diouf, J.(2011) "The state of  food insecurity in the word"Food and agriculture organization of united nation,Rome. P:1-55.
Duut, N. N.(2005). "Gender differentials in land ownership and their impact on household food security: a comparative study of the Northern and Brong Ahafo regins of Ghana". Master thesis , Technisch university
Ebadi, F. (2004). "Food security and income distribution. Planning and Agricultural Economics Research Institute", Management The processing and  Regulation of research findings.
Ecker.O, Breisinger.C(2012)"The FoodSecurity System A New Conceptual Framework", Development Strategy and Governance Division,:1-16.
education. Fourth year. (4) . (Title 16). 12-2.(In Farsi).
Fallahi, E., Rashidi, M., Ebrahimzade, F., Karbasi, Sh., & Shoukrollahi, N. (2009). "Impact of Nutrition Education on the status of iron deficiency anemia among high school girls". Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 12(1), 37-45.(In Farsi)
Gareau Stephen E.( 2004) "The development of guidelines for implementing information technology to promote food security". Agriculture and Human Values21: 273–285,.
Ghanbari, J.,  Barghi, H. (2009). Fundamental challenges in the sustainable development of agriculture in Iran". Jasmine strategy, No.16. 218-234. (In Farsi).
Ghelich Lee, M. (2012)" Industrial development, agricultural development and food security", monthly analytical, educational news. No. 27. 44-41.(In Farsi).
Hanjra Munir A., Tadele Ferede, Debel Gemechu Gutta(2009) Pathways to breaking the poverty trap in Ethiopia: Investments in agricultural water, education, and markets, journal Agricultural Water Management 96 (2009) 1596–1604.
Hatami fard, S. (2011)."Study of Factors Affectingexploitation not meeting the   Processing and complementary industries in Zanjan province". Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 42 (3), 413-421.
Mohammad Zadeh, A., Dourosti Motlagh, AR., Eshraghian, MR. (2011). " Food security and social factors - economic and adolescent weight status ". Journal of Nutrition Sciences and. Food Technology. 5 (1) . 55-62.(In Farsi).
Mohammadi, A., & Adavy, B. (2013). " Outcome of the food industry to improve food security and economic power. " analytical magazine, Photo and training (35), 8-11. (In Farsi)
Moosavi, S.H., Khalilian, S. )2004(Evaluating technical efficiency factors ofWheat production, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development,Scientific and Research, Quarterly Journal of A.P.E.R.I. 52: 45-60.
Moradi, M.(2002) "Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Food Security", Journal of Human Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan. Supplement of Economics and Management. 214-186.(In Farsi).
Mukudi, Edith (2003), “Education and Nutrition Linkages in Africa: Evidence from National Level Analysis”, International Journal of Educational Development 23: 245–256.
Najibi, N., Dorosti motlagh, A R, Sadrzadeh yeganeh, h., Eshraghian, MR, Daneshie maskoni, M., & Aziz, S. (2013) " A study of food insecurity and socio-economic factors affecting newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes in chicago ", Journal of the Medical Sciences. 16 years. No. 1 (Serial Number 70).106-98.(In Farsi).
Nasimi, A. (2000) "The Need for Change practical needs of agriculture, food security / ing Iran and other developing countries", Agricultural Economics Research Institute of Planning and Deputy Social Economic Research. Pp; 325. (In Farsi).
Nazarzadaye Zarea, M., Durrani, K., & Gholamali Lavasani, M. (2012). "Comparative Perspectives on the problem of training of extension agents and farmers, agricultural extension Dezful city". Fsnamh management
of agricultural education, No. 19, 96-108. (In Farsi).  
Nvabkhsh, M., Muthanna, A.(2012). " Sociological study of dietary changes in contemporary societies ", Food Science and Nutrition, 9 (1), 33-50. (In Farsi). 
Omotesho,O., Adewumi,M. ,Muhammad-Lawal,A. & Ayinde, O.(2006)."Determinants of Food Security Among The Rural Farming Households in Kwara State, Nigeria". African journal of general agriculture, vol. 2, No. 1, African studies on population and health, p:1-9
Ostad Rahimi, AR., Mahbub, S.A., Tootoonchi, H., Dastgiri, S., & dadgar., L. (2005). "The prevalence and extent of food insecurity and hunger in two dimensions reveal hidden hunger in the region Asadabadi". Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, 8(1),  61-66.)In Farsi)
Owotoki, G. (2005) "Gender diffrences in household resource allocation and its impact on food security: a case study of Kwara state, Nigeria".Institute of agricultural economics and social scinces in the tropics and subtropics.
Paknejhad, A. (2005). "Processing Industry as a Centre for Agricultural Progress". Journal of Animal, Cultivation and Industry, Vol. 66.: 26-31.
Pandy, V.K. & Sharma, K.C. (1996) "Crop iversification and selfsufficiency in foodgrain", Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics. 51(4):644-651.
Payab M., Dorosti motlagh, A R., Eshraghian MR, Siasi, F. & krymy, T. (2012) " the relationship between dietary factors and socio - economic and nutritional status of mothers with school age children in the city of Rey in 1389", Journal of NUTRITION Iran. seventh year. No. 1. 84-75. (In Farsi).
Pop zan, A-H, Khaledi, , Soleimani, A. (2012), "Evaluation of vocational training for rural women in handicrafts", Journal - Research Sociology Women. Second year. Number three. Pp. 38-21. )In Farsi)
Pourkazemi, M.H & Sozandeh, M. (2010) "Determination of food baskets for different income groups using fuzzy logic," Economic Research. No. 87. Pp. 74-53. )In Farsi)
Ramakrishna, G. & D. Assefa (2002)" An empirical-analysis of food insecurity in Ethiopia: the case of north Wello,Africa Development":127-143.achievements: a WOCAT intitative
Sabouri, M.S., Amani, A.R. (2009). " Effects of educational and extension activities on improvement the cotton crop (From the perspectives of Cotton Growers of Garmsar Plains)". journal of Agricultural Extension and Education Research, 2 (4), 52-63.
Shahidi, F. & A. Sadegi Mahoonak (2009) "Investigating the Current Situation of Food ProcessingIndustry in Khorasan Province". Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development. Vol.7 (27). P: 83-100.
Shaikh, F. M. (2007) "Determinants of household food security and consumption pattern in rural Sindh: an application of non – separable agricultural household model". Paper prepared for presentation at the I Mediterranean conference of agro-food social scientists.
Shakeri-Nejad, G., Kykhayy, B., Lowry, MR., Jarvndy, F., Tavakoli, E., and Haji Najaf, S. (2008) "examined the effectiveness of nutrition education program on knowledge, attitude and practice of students in middle school girls Iron deficiency anemia in Ahwaz, Yazd" Journal of Public Health. Sixth year. The third and fourth numbers. Number :22-21. 26-18.(In Farsi).
Shakoor, A. (2004)"Food security and access to Iran ", a social science. No. 24.  160-133.(In Farsi).Sharafkhani, R., Dastgiri, S., Ghare aghadji asl, R., & Ghavamzade, S. (2011)." Prevalence and factors affecting household food insecurity:A cross-sectional study (Gharehsou Village, city of Khoy)". Urmia Medical Journal, 22 (2), 123-128.
Smith, L. C., Amani, E. E. & Helen, H. J. (1999)"The Geography and Causes of Food Insecurity in Developing Countries". Agricultural Economics, 22(2): 199-215.
Sohrab Jaydry, R., Malek Mohammadi I., Hosseini, Seyed M. (2012). " Evaluation of educational strategies - extension to cope with drought management and water efficiency among", research, extension and agricultural
Tao Yang. D. (1997)"Education in production:Measuring labor quality and management", American Journal of Agricultural and Resources.79:764-7.
Walingo M. K.(2006) "the role of education in agricultural projects for food security And poverty reduction in Kenya". Review of  Education52:287–304.