University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 4 2024 12 21 Evaluating the Agri-Financing Effectiveness with Emphasis on Risk Propensity and Psychological Factors Evaluating the Agri-Financing Effectiveness with Emphasis on Risk Propensity and Psychological Factors 591 610 98252 10.22059/ijaedr.2024.364070.669244 FA Mohammad Nazaripour Department of Accounting, Hazrat-e Masoumeh University, Qom, Iran. Babak Zakizadeh MA in Business Management, Department of Management, Islamic Azad University Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran 0000-0002-8304-5866 Journal Article 2023 09 03 Financing has significantly contributed to the growth and development of the agricultural sector and remains a major concern for policymakers and those working in this field. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of agricultural financing, focusing on individual risk propensity and psychological factors. Methodologically, this study employs a descriptive-correlational design and structural equation modeling. The study's population consists of borrowers from Bank Keshavarzi Iran, with a statistical sample size of 225 participants. Data was gathered through a questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS version 26 and Amos version 24 software. The study examines two main constructs and nine sub-constructs. The main constructs are individual risk propensity, which includes financial, social, career, ethical, and institutional risks, and the effectiveness of agricultural financing, which encompasses usefulness, reliability, accessibility, and flexibility. The findings indicate that individual risk propensity positively and significantly influences each of the components: usefulness, reliability, accessibility, and flexibility. Furthermore, individual risk propensity positively and significantly impacts the overall effectiveness of agricultural financing. These findings can assist policymakers and bank managers in better understanding customer risk-taking levels and identifying the causes of risk in their businesses. Financing has significantly contributed to the growth and development of the agricultural sector and remains a major concern for policymakers and those working in this field. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of agricultural financing, focusing on individual risk propensity and psychological factors. Methodologically, this study employs a descriptive-correlational design and structural equation modeling. The study's population consists of borrowers from Bank Keshavarzi Iran, with a statistical sample size of 225 participants. Data was gathered through a questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS version 26 and Amos version 24 software. The study examines two main constructs and nine sub-constructs. The main constructs are individual risk propensity, which includes financial, social, career, ethical, and institutional risks, and the effectiveness of agricultural financing, which encompasses usefulness, reliability, accessibility, and flexibility. The findings indicate that individual risk propensity positively and significantly influences each of the components: usefulness, reliability, accessibility, and flexibility. Furthermore, individual risk propensity positively and significantly impacts the overall effectiveness of agricultural financing. These findings can assist policymakers and bank managers in better understanding customer risk-taking levels and identifying the causes of risk in their businesses.

https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_98252_3f13c75ddd28647d6b48b69a8d3390c6.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 4 2024 12 21 Challenges of eco-based emerging and knowledge based technologies development in the agricultural sector of Mazandaran province Challenges of eco-based emerging and knowledge based technologies development in the agricultural sector of Mazandaran province 611 629 98035 10.22059/ijaedr.2024.367468.669265 FA Zahra Sinaiee Rad Department of Agricultural Extension & Education, Faculty of crop sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Fatemeh Shafiee Department of Agricultural Extension & Education, Faculty of crop sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Omid Jamshidi Department of Agricultural Extension & Education, Faculty of crop sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Journal Article 2023 10 31 Today, with the growing demand for water, land and food, as well as environmental issues and problems, including global warming, the future of agriculture is not possible without innovation and new and knowledge-based technologies. Increasing productivity and achieving food security depends on knowledge-based and smart agriculture. However, few researches and surveys have been done regarding the challenges and problems of using these technologies in this sector.Therefore, in this research, it was aimed to identify challenges of eco-based emerging and knowledge based technologies development in the agricultural sector of Mazandaran province. In order to reach these challenges, the inductive strategy, qualitative data and thematic analysis were used. Data collection was done through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 14 experts of agricultural smart in mazandran province.Statistical samples were selected using the snowball method and continued until the theoretical saturation point was reached. The ATLAS. ti.7.5 software was benefited for data analysis. Also, Peer review method was used to validate the analysis of Statistical samples were selected using the snowball method and continued until the theoretical saturation point was reached. The results were 69 basic themes which were determined by ATLAS.ti7.5 quality software. The main themes in this study were “Economic challenges Infrastructural-supportive challenges" , " Social and Cultural challenges " and " Natural -Environmental challenges” . The results showed that the application of modern and knowledge-based technologies in agriculture is facing problems and the farmers of Mazandaran province need to support and provide infrastructure, social and cultural recovery and solve their economic problems by governmental sector. Today, with the growing demand for water, land and food, as well as environmental issues and problems, including global warming, the future of agriculture is not possible without innovation and new and knowledge-based technologies. Increasing productivity and achieving food security depends on knowledge-based and smart agriculture. However, few researches and surveys have been done regarding the challenges and problems of using these technologies in this sector.Therefore, in this research, it was aimed to identify challenges of eco-based emerging and knowledge based technologies development in the agricultural sector of Mazandaran province. In order to reach these challenges, the inductive strategy, qualitative data and thematic analysis were used. Data collection was done through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 14 experts of agricultural smart in mazandran province.Statistical samples were selected using the snowball method and continued until the theoretical saturation point was reached. The ATLAS. ti.7.5 software was benefited for data analysis. Also, Peer review method was used to validate the analysis of Statistical samples were selected using the snowball method and continued until the theoretical saturation point was reached. The results were 69 basic themes which were determined by ATLAS.ti7.5 quality software. The main themes in this study were “Economic challenges Infrastructural-supportive challenges" , " Social and Cultural challenges " and " Natural -Environmental challenges” . The results showed that the application of modern and knowledge-based technologies in agriculture is facing problems and the farmers of Mazandaran province need to support and provide infrastructure, social and cultural recovery and solve their economic problems by governmental sector.

https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_98035_e391bb89d306741ab9b314a5de6c0a6c.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 4 2024 12 21 Analyzing the Outcomes and Challenges of Sabbatical Leave Abroad of Agricultural Students, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran Analyzing the Outcomes and Challenges of Sabbatical Leave Abroad of Agricultural Students, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran 631 646 95220 10.22059/ijaedr.2023.362926.669240 FA Mahtab Pouratashi Department of Comparative Studies in Higher Education, Institute for Research & Planning in Higher Education, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2023 08 06 One of the key programs for the internationalization of higher education is sending doctoral students to Sabbatical Leave abroad. Therefore, examining the outcomes and challenges of using students' Sabbatical Leave abroad for decision-making and planning is of key importance. So, this research was conducted with a qualitative approach and to achieve this goal. To collect data, an in-depth interview was conducted with 23 PhD graduates of College of Agriculture & Natural Resources until the theoretical saturation point was reached. To answer the research questions and extract the components, the content analysis method was used and the codes were determined in the form of words and concepts, using MAXQDA software. The findings showed the outcomes of agricultural students using Sabbatical Leave abroad could be divided in four categories: knowledge development and scientific and educational experiences; development and implementation of research; cultural, communication and networking; and individual. Also, individual challenge; challenges related to the country of origin; and challenges related to the destination country were the three categories of challenges of using Sabbatical Leave abroad of agricultural students. Finally, considering the key and valuable outcomes that the use of this opportunity brings for PhD students and considering the participants' experiences of the upcoming challenges, it is recommended that students' lived experiences of the process and conditions of sabbatical leave be published as a booklet and be accessible so that applicants for sabbatical leave abroad can benefit from this opportunity in a more effective way. One of the key programs for the internationalization of higher education is sending doctoral students to Sabbatical Leave abroad. Therefore, examining the outcomes and challenges of using students' Sabbatical Leave abroad for decision-making and planning is of key importance. So, this research was conducted with a qualitative approach and to achieve this goal. To collect data, an in-depth interview was conducted with 23 PhD graduates of College of Agriculture & Natural Resources until the theoretical saturation point was reached. To answer the research questions and extract the components, the content analysis method was used and the codes were determined in the form of words and concepts, using MAXQDA software. The findings showed the outcomes of agricultural students using Sabbatical Leave abroad could be divided in four categories: knowledge development and scientific and educational experiences; development and implementation of research; cultural, communication and networking; and individual. Also, individual challenge; challenges related to the country of origin; and challenges related to the destination country were the three categories of challenges of using Sabbatical Leave abroad of agricultural students. Finally, considering the key and valuable outcomes that the use of this opportunity brings for PhD students and considering the participants' experiences of the upcoming challenges, it is recommended that students' lived experiences of the process and conditions of sabbatical leave be published as a booklet and be accessible so that applicants for sabbatical leave abroad can benefit from this opportunity in a more effective way.

https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_95220_0ecb62c2bd05c37938d0ba6351d7eee7.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 4 2024 12 21 The role of social and environmental changes on the change of livelihood approach in rural communities; Case study: Rural area of Malekshahi county The role of social and environmental changes on the change of livelihood approach in rural communities; Case study: Rural area of Malekshahi county 647 666 99409 10.22059/ijaedr.2024.370777.669284 FA Hossein Heidari Department of Sociology,Institute for Humanities and Social Studies. ACECR, Tehran. Iran. 0000-0002-3763-2429 Javad Maddahi Department of Social Sciences Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran Saeed Kabiri Departemant of Social Studies Institue for cultrual, Social and Civilezation Studies. ICSCS. Tehran Iran Esmaiel Jahanidolatabad Department of History and Sociology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran 0000-0001-8983-448X Morteza Ghelich Department of Sociology, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran Journal Article 2024 05 07 Livelihood in rural communities is closely related to social context and environmental conditions. Any change in society's attitude towards life and environmental conditions can lead to a change in lifestyle and way of providing livelihood of rural communities. The purpose of this article is study the role of social changes and environmental conditions on the approach of providing livelihood in the villages of Malekshahi. The research method is qualitative research and the strategy used is based on theory. The data collection method is semi-structured interview and the sampling method is purposive sampling. The number of informants is 34 and the required information has been collected and completed during the years 2019 to 2021.The findings showed that social changes such as lifestyle, quality of life, change in attitude towards life, the attractiveness of urban lifestyle, the future priority of children and the need for their education, the spread of insecurity and environmental changes such as drought, lack of water resources, poor quality Land for agriculture as the reasons for changing the livelihood approach; The uneconomical nature of traditional activities due to reasons such as the lack of suitable infrastructure, the commonality of agricultural land and the inability to market as background conditions and finally low productivity, the increase in cattle smuggling to Iraq and theft and insecurity as intervention conditions. They have been effective in changing the rural livelihood system in the villages of Malekshahi. The results showed that social cultural changes and environmental changes played a central role in changing livelihoods and ways of living. These factors have caused significant changes in the field of employment and livelihood of the people of the region. The drastic reduction of traditional animal husbandry, the formation of semi-commercial animal husbandry, migration, the desire to work in the administrative sector, the spread of horticulture, the construction of garden houses in villages has become popular, which tries to reduce its dependence on the environment in order to reduce its effects by controlling environmental conditions. Livelihood in rural communities is closely related to social context and environmental conditions. Any change in society's attitude towards life and environmental conditions can lead to a change in lifestyle and way of providing livelihood of rural communities. The purpose of this article is study the role of social changes and environmental conditions on the approach of providing livelihood in the villages of Malekshahi. The research method is qualitative research and the strategy used is based on theory. The data collection method is semi-structured interview and the sampling method is purposive sampling. The number of informants is 34 and the required information has been collected and completed during the years 2019 to 2021.The findings showed that social changes such as lifestyle, quality of life, change in attitude towards life, the attractiveness of urban lifestyle, the future priority of children and the need for their education, the spread of insecurity and environmental changes such as drought, lack of water resources, poor quality Land for agriculture as the reasons for changing the livelihood approach; The uneconomical nature of traditional activities due to reasons such as the lack of suitable infrastructure, the commonality of agricultural land and the inability to market as background conditions and finally low productivity, the increase in cattle smuggling to Iraq and theft and insecurity as intervention conditions. They have been effective in changing the rural livelihood system in the villages of Malekshahi. The results showed that social cultural changes and environmental changes played a central role in changing livelihoods and ways of living. These factors have caused significant changes in the field of employment and livelihood of the people of the region. The drastic reduction of traditional animal husbandry, the formation of semi-commercial animal husbandry, migration, the desire to work in the administrative sector, the spread of horticulture, the construction of garden houses in villages has become popular, which tries to reduce its dependence on the environment in order to reduce its effects by controlling environmental conditions.

https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_99409_f2f585fd711c754286d69f104b537079.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 4 2024 12 21 Optimal cropping pattern considering uncertainty and using mathematical and fuzzy goal programming models (a case study of Saqqez County) Optimal cropping pattern considering uncertainty and using mathematical and fuzzy goal programming models (a case study of Saqqez County) 667 682 100217 10.22059/ijaedr.2025.385654.669330 FA Abolfazl Mahmoodi Department of Agriculture, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran Davood Aminpou Department of the Agricultural Economics,University of Payam Noor, Tehran, Iran Gholamreza Yavari Department of Economics, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Farid Ejlali Department of Agriculture, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran. Afsaneh Nikoukar Department of Agriculture, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 11 24 Nowadays, determining the optimal cropping pattern is one of the most important and efficient methods for managing agricultural production and increasing the productivity of production inputs. This research aims to optimize the cropping pattern in three different scenarios for the Saqqez county, using single-objective and multi-objective fuzzy goal programming methods. In the first scenario, the gross profit decreases by 5.0%. However, water consumption, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides decrease by 10.7%, 11.1%, and 12.8% respectively in line with predetermined goals. In the second scenario, the gross profit decreases by 19.4%. On the other hand, water consumption, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides decrease by 20.7%, 18%, and 14.3% respectively in line with the research goals. In the third scenario, with the priority of minimizing water consumption and reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides, and then maximizing gross income, the gross income decreases by 22%. Additionally, the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and water towards predetermined goals decreases by 17.2%, 52.6%, and 27.1% respectively. It is recommended that, considering the priority of each economic scenario, environmental preservation and water conservation from a policy perspective, the optimal cropping model will be selected. Nowadays, determining the optimal cropping pattern is one of the most important and efficient methods for managing agricultural production and increasing the productivity of production inputs. This research aims to optimize the cropping pattern in three different scenarios for the Saqqez county, using single-objective and multi-objective fuzzy goal programming methods. In the first scenario, the gross profit decreases by 5.0%. However, water consumption, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides decrease by 10.7%, 11.1%, and 12.8% respectively in line with predetermined goals. In the second scenario, the gross profit decreases by 19.4%. On the other hand, water consumption, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides decrease by 20.7%, 18%, and 14.3% respectively in line with the research goals. In the third scenario, with the priority of minimizing water consumption and reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides, and then maximizing gross income, the gross income decreases by 22%. Additionally, the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and water towards predetermined goals decreases by 17.2%, 52.6%, and 27.1% respectively. It is recommended that, considering the priority of each economic scenario, environmental preservation and water conservation from a policy perspective, the optimal cropping model will be selected.

https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_100217_e7dd1a34ddf6fd990ed0e7d8fbd02856.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 4 2024 12 21 The Effect of Equivalence Scale and Poverty Line on Poverty Rate in Iran The Effect of Equivalence Scale and Poverty Line on Poverty Rate in Iran 683 698 81825 10.22059/ijaedr.2020.290372.668826 FA Ali Asadi Department of , Agricultural Management, and Development, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Naser Motiei Department of , Agricultural Management, and Development, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2019 10 21 The aim of this paper is to evaluate the equivalence scales effect on poverty rate, reduction of equivalence scales impact on poverty, and contribution to the literature of poverty measurement in Iran. So, we apply household income and expenditure data (2016), four equivalence scales and three poverty lines to measure poverty in Iran. The findings indicate that equivalence scales and poverty lines have a significant effect on poverty rate. So, by applying diverse equivalence scales and poverty lines, poverty rate vary from .07% to 28%. Therefore, applying appropriate equivalence scale and poverty line are essential preconditions for poverty measuring and policy making. It is recommended to apply appropriate equivalence scales and poverty lines according to specific circumstances of each rural and city region of the country. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the equivalence scales effect on poverty rate, reduction of equivalence scales impact on poverty, and contribution to the literature of poverty measurement in Iran. So, we apply household income and expenditure data (2016), four equivalence scales and three poverty lines to measure poverty in Iran. The findings indicate that equivalence scales and poverty lines have a significant effect on poverty rate. So, by applying diverse equivalence scales and poverty lines, poverty rate vary from .07% to 28%. Therefore, applying appropriate equivalence scale and poverty line are essential preconditions for poverty measuring and policy making. It is recommended to apply appropriate equivalence scales and poverty lines according to specific circumstances of each rural and city region of the country.

https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_81825_19b5807c22feb36a8061dfa50ea84bd9.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 4 2024 12 21 Designing a Representation Model for the New Agricultural Extension System of Iran: The Use of Grounded Theory Designing a Representation Model for the New Agricultural Extension System of Iran: The Use of Grounded Theory 699 718 100147 10.22059/ijaedr.2025.377959.669308 FA Solmaz Haddadi Agricultural Extension, communication and rural development department, Agricultural Faculty, Zanjan University, Iran, Zanjan. Gholamreza Mojarradi Agricultural Extension, communication and rural development department, Agricultural Faculty, Zanjan University, Iran, Zanjan. Seyed Mahmood Hoseini Department of َAgricaltural extension and education, Agricultural College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Javad Ghsemi Institute of Agricultural Education and Extension, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran Journal Article 2024 09 14 Agricultural extension system needs continuous modification, transformation and improvement, to respond to the changing needs of the farmers’ community. Accordingly, the main purpose of this quantitative research was to designing an representation model for the new agricultural extension system of Iran, using grounded theory. Employing purposive sampling, snowball technique and theoretical saturation criteria, 31 participants, including faculty members, managers, and relevant experts of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), were selected as sample. The collected data were analyzed by using Maxqda12 software and during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Also, in order to increase the validity and reliability of qualitative data, the triangulation technique was used. Accordingly, “human resources, structure-planning, functional, infrastructure, financial resources, evaluation system and goals, policy and policy making” as causal condition; “economic-social and cultural structure of the agricultural sector and rural community, stakeholders, inherent characteristics of the agricultural sector and macro policy and conditions of the country” as contextual condition; and “inherent nature of agricultural extension activities and multiplicity of roles and duties” as interfering conditions, were identified as perceived by the respondents. Also, the improvement strategies included an efficient system for monitoring, assessment and effectiveness evaluation of activities, sustainable financial resources, transformation in the structure, processes and functions, knowledge management development, human capital development and appropriate policy making and planning; It is expected that this model will lead to positive consequences including: increasing the penetration of knowledge and technology, social capital development, suitability of extension services with the real needs of the stakeholders, justice-oriented, demand-oriented and improving the effectiveness and responsiveness of the agricultural extension system and finally, improving productivity and sustainability of the agricultural sector. Agricultural extension system needs continuous modification, transformation and improvement, to respond to the changing needs of the farmers’ community. Accordingly, the main purpose of this quantitative research was to designing an representation model for the new agricultural extension system of Iran, using grounded theory. Employing purposive sampling, snowball technique and theoretical saturation criteria, 31 participants, including faculty members, managers, and relevant experts of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), were selected as sample. The collected data were analyzed by using Maxqda12 software and during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Also, in order to increase the validity and reliability of qualitative data, the triangulation technique was used. Accordingly, “human resources, structure-planning, functional, infrastructure, financial resources, evaluation system and goals, policy and policy making” as causal condition; “economic-social and cultural structure of the agricultural sector and rural community, stakeholders, inherent characteristics of the agricultural sector and macro policy and conditions of the country” as contextual condition; and “inherent nature of agricultural extension activities and multiplicity of roles and duties” as interfering conditions, were identified as perceived by the respondents. Also, the improvement strategies included an efficient system for monitoring, assessment and effectiveness evaluation of activities, sustainable financial resources, transformation in the structure, processes and functions, knowledge management development, human capital development and appropriate policy making and planning; It is expected that this model will lead to positive consequences including: increasing the penetration of knowledge and technology, social capital development, suitability of extension services with the real needs of the stakeholders, justice-oriented, demand-oriented and improving the effectiveness and responsiveness of the agricultural extension system and finally, improving productivity and sustainability of the agricultural sector.

https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_100147_6f3f5ef682ae5ca2bae8863e6aa002e8.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 4 2024 12 21 Food Security Determinants of Qashqai Nomadic Households in Fars Province Food Security Determinants of Qashqai Nomadic Households in Fars Province 719 738 93533 10.22059/ijaedr.2023.348893.669179 FA Sedighe Yazdanpanah Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Fatemeh Fathi Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Journal Article 2022 09 20 Nomadic tribes, producing 30% of the country's red meat, play a role in ensuring the community's food security, but the assessment of the nutritional level and food security of this producing community has received less attention. In the present study, the food security of Qashqai tribal households was calculated using the Food Consumption Score (FCS) index, and the determinants of food security for this group of households were identified using an ordered logit model. Data were collected through random sampling, using face-to-face interviews with 250 questionnaires completed during the winter pasture period of 1399 (Iranian calendar year). The results showed that 33.6% of households were in high food security, 29.2% had low food security, and 37.2% had food insecurity. The variables of income, number of livestock, income diversification, access to infrastructure, head of household's education, and the personal car were directly related to household food security, while the variables of household size, dependency ratio, and distance from the nomadic area to the food market were inversely related to household food security. Among the factors affecting the food security status of households, the variables of income diversification and access to infrastructure had the greatest positive impact, and the variables of dependency ratio and household size had the greatest negative impact on household food security. In conclusion, it was suggested that to improve the food security situation of the studied community, increasing access to basic infrastructure (stable water, electricity, mobile health clinic, and mobile phone) for this producing community should be on the agenda of policymakers and those in charge of this community, and along with that, steps should be taken to improve the education level of individuals, and promotional training should be provided to improve the diet and income diversification of these households. Nomadic tribes, producing 30% of the country's red meat, play a role in ensuring the community's food security, but the assessment of the nutritional level and food security of this producing community has received less attention. In the present study, the food security of Qashqai tribal households was calculated using the Food Consumption Score (FCS) index, and the determinants of food security for this group of households were identified using an ordered logit model. Data were collected through random sampling, using face-to-face interviews with 250 questionnaires completed during the winter pasture period of 1399 (Iranian calendar year). The results showed that 33.6% of households were in high food security, 29.2% had low food security, and 37.2% had food insecurity. The variables of income, number of livestock, income diversification, access to infrastructure, head of household's education, and the personal car were directly related to household food security, while the variables of household size, dependency ratio, and distance from the nomadic area to the food market were inversely related to household food security. Among the factors affecting the food security status of households, the variables of income diversification and access to infrastructure had the greatest positive impact, and the variables of dependency ratio and household size had the greatest negative impact on household food security. In conclusion, it was suggested that to improve the food security situation of the studied community, increasing access to basic infrastructure (stable water, electricity, mobile health clinic, and mobile phone) for this producing community should be on the agenda of policymakers and those in charge of this community, and along with that, steps should be taken to improve the education level of individuals, and promotional training should be provided to improve the diet and income diversification of these households.

https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_93533_4db08734695bf0f63ea192f21fe6fa5d.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 4 2024 12 21 Social Network Analysis of Livelihood capitals in Ghezel Ozen Basin in Resilience to Climate Change Social Network Analysis of Livelihood capitals in Ghezel Ozen Basin in Resilience to Climate Change 739 756 81809 10.22059/ijaedr.2021.298775.668886 FA Seyede Somaye Bathaiy Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Chizari Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Hasaan Sadighi Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Amir Alambaigi Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2020 03 02 The current study is conducted to analyze the networks of trust and participation in subsistence funds among the beneficiaries (along with resilience against climate change). To this end, the survey method is used. The statistical population of the present research constitutes of the beneficiaries in five villages located in Tarom County in Zanjan Province. To data analysis, the network analysis is used. The network indices on a large and small scale include density rating, degree centrality, etc. which are extracted for the above-mentioned networks. According to the results of the network analyses, it was found that the density rate in networks of trust and participation in subsistence funds along with resilience against climate change are very low; meanwhile, the human and social capital, as well as the financial and physical capital, have a higher and lower level, respectively. In the end, based on the research findings, some proposals are provided. The current study is conducted to analyze the networks of trust and participation in subsistence funds among the beneficiaries (along with resilience against climate change). To this end, the survey method is used. The statistical population of the present research constitutes of the beneficiaries in five villages located in Tarom County in Zanjan Province. To data analysis, the network analysis is used. The network indices on a large and small scale include density rating, degree centrality, etc. which are extracted for the above-mentioned networks. According to the results of the network analyses, it was found that the density rate in networks of trust and participation in subsistence funds along with resilience against climate change are very low; meanwhile, the human and social capital, as well as the financial and physical capital, have a higher and lower level, respectively. In the end, based on the research findings, some proposals are provided.

https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_81809_50fdc4de845602b7b29dc220cf82e418.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 4 2024 12 21 Utilizing integrated pest management in tomato farms: testing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Utilizing integrated pest management in tomato farms: testing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) 756 771 100157 10.22059/ijaedr.2025.384830.669328 FA Gholamhossein Abdollahzadeh Department Of Agricultural Extension and Education,, Faculty of Agricultural Management,, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Bahereh Gonabadi Dept of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Mohammad Mahboobi Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Mohammad Sharif Sharifzadeh Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Journal Article 2024 11 05 Despite the importance of pesticides in enhancing agricultural crop yields, these chemical inputs are one of the primary sources of environmental pollution, which negatively impact the health of living organisms. Adoption of integrated pest management methods (IPM) is one of the most important strategies to reduce the consumption of chemical pesticides in the farm field. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate, the use of IPM methods in tomato fields by testing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The target population was 990 tomato farmers in Golestan province and a sample of 280 farmers was selected from 6 counties and 29 villages. The results showed that the most important methods of IPM to reduce Heliothis spp. damage in tomato fields are feeding the plant with calcium fertilizers, collecting and eliminating contaminated parts of the crop, using resistant cultivars and releasing natural enemies of pests such as Bracon and Trichogramma. The results of the compare mean test showed that farmers with traditional cultivation use the IPM methods more than farmers with mechanized cultivation. Also, farmers without a second crop have used more IPM methods compared to the group with multiple crops per years. Finally, farmers with integrated lands compare to farmers with fragmented land have used more IMP methods. The results of linear regression showed that the variables of effort expectancy (negative impact), social influence, performance expectancy and facilitation conditions have a greater role in predicting the dependent variable of the use of IPM methods, respectively. To enhance IPM adoption by farmers, future extension interventions should incorporate the constructs of this theory into their programs. Despite the importance of pesticides in enhancing agricultural crop yields, these chemical inputs are one of the primary sources of environmental pollution, which negatively impact the health of living organisms. Adoption of integrated pest management methods (IPM) is one of the most important strategies to reduce the consumption of chemical pesticides in the farm field. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate, the use of IPM methods in tomato fields by testing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The target population was 990 tomato farmers in Golestan province and a sample of 280 farmers was selected from 6 counties and 29 villages. The results showed that the most important methods of IPM to reduce Heliothis spp. damage in tomato fields are feeding the plant with calcium fertilizers, collecting and eliminating contaminated parts of the crop, using resistant cultivars and releasing natural enemies of pests such as Bracon and Trichogramma. The results of the compare mean test showed that farmers with traditional cultivation use the IPM methods more than farmers with mechanized cultivation. Also, farmers without a second crop have used more IPM methods compared to the group with multiple crops per years. Finally, farmers with integrated lands compare to farmers with fragmented land have used more IMP methods. The results of linear regression showed that the variables of effort expectancy (negative impact), social influence, performance expectancy and facilitation conditions have a greater role in predicting the dependent variable of the use of IPM methods, respectively. To enhance IPM adoption by farmers, future extension interventions should incorporate the constructs of this theory into their programs.

https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_100157_6cccf9349fb46572bc2fff254e2639e5.pdf