University of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 2 2024 06 21 Designing and Development of a Dynamic Water Security Model Based on Social-Ecological System Interactions (Neyshabur Plain watershed) Designing and Development of a Dynamic Water Security Model Based on Social-Ecological System Interactions (Neyshabur Plain watershed) 183 204 91680 10.22059/ijaedr.2023.350655.669188 FA Maryam Yazdanparast Social Business Institute, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Ghorbani Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2022 11 27 In the present study, using System Dynamics (SD) and Agent-Based Modeling (ABM), which are two common methods for investigating complex systems, the dynamic model of water security for the Neyshabur Plain watershed using the agent-based software NetLogo with the aim of identifying and analyzing the impact of different water consumption sectors on the state of water security in the watershed was designed and presented. The results show the effectiveness and reliability of the water security model presented in the present study. Therefore, it can be used to predict the water security situation in the future years in the Neishabur Plain  and while considering different scenarios in order to change the modifiable parameters of the model, and observing the impact of each of them on the water security situation in the basin, the best scenario and in line with that the best solution to improve water security in the Neyshabur Plain watershed can be determined. In the present study, using System Dynamics (SD) and Agent-Based Modeling (ABM), which are two common methods for investigating complex systems, the dynamic model of water security for the Neyshabur Plain watershed using the agent-based software NetLogo with the aim of identifying and analyzing the impact of different water consumption sectors on the state of water security in the watershed was designed and presented. The results show the effectiveness and reliability of the water security model presented in the present study. Therefore, it can be used to predict the water security situation in the future years in the Neishabur Plain  and while considering different scenarios in order to change the modifiable parameters of the model, and observing the impact of each of them on the water security situation in the basin, the best scenario and in line with that the best solution to improve water security in the Neyshabur Plain watershed can be determined. https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_91680_b72b89c9b197b521923909ad18b9c22d.pdf

University of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 2 2024 06 21 Examining the effects of free riding in brand and generic advertising of milk in Iran Examining the effects of free riding in brand and generic advertising of milk in Iran 205 227 96886 10.22059/ijaedr.2024.359300.669220 FA Habib Shahbazi Department of Agricultural Economics, Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University, Asadabad, Hamedan, Iran. 0000-0002-1047-3528 Journal Article 2023 05 20 Dairy products, especially milk, from the view of consumers, in addition to being good for health-giving product, from the view of agricultural product producers, are a strategic product, and from the view of government and decision makers, it is a factor in changing the level of social welfare. Although factors such as encouraging consumption through generic advertising can 4have a great effect on consumption motivation, the presence of brand advertising can be effective in promoting consumption. In this research, an attempt has been made to provide a structural framework to examine the effects of free-riding on brand and generic advertising of milk. In this study, the modified method of Bass et al., 2005; Roma &; Perrone, 2011 has been used to determine the distribution and cost of generic and optimal brand advertising and free-riding. This study is based on the annual data of milk product sales and unit value in 2020 and 2021. The results show for the years 2020 and 2021, with the increase in the elasticity of brand advertisements, the intensity index of generic advertisements with a fixed percentage mechanism in the share of advertising expenses decreases (for generic advertising, a maximum of 4.612 and a minimum of 0.357 for the year 2020 and a maximum of 6.201 and a minimum of 0.231 for the year 2021 and for brand advertising a maximum of 4.847 and a minimum of 0.004 for the year 2020 and a maximum of 6.189 and at least 0.004 for the year 2021). Therefore, it can be concluded that the type of advertising cost sharing can have an effect on the optimal level of the advertising intensity index. Therefore, milk production companies in Iran's milk production industry should try to create an optimal mechanism for sharing advertising costs in order to maximize the profit of the industry and hence, maximize their own profit. Dairy products, especially milk, from the view of consumers, in addition to being good for health-giving product, from the view of agricultural product producers, are a strategic product, and from the view of government and decision makers, it is a factor in changing the level of social welfare. Although factors such as encouraging consumption through generic advertising can 4have a great effect on consumption motivation, the presence of brand advertising can be effective in promoting consumption. In this research, an attempt has been made to provide a structural framework to examine the effects of free-riding on brand and generic advertising of milk. In this study, the modified method of Bass et al., 2005; Roma &; Perrone, 2011 has been used to determine the distribution and cost of generic and optimal brand advertising and free-riding. This study is based on the annual data of milk product sales and unit value in 2020 and 2021. The results show for the years 2020 and 2021, with the increase in the elasticity of brand advertisements, the intensity index of generic advertisements with a fixed percentage mechanism in the share of advertising expenses decreases (for generic advertising, a maximum of 4.612 and a minimum of 0.357 for the year 2020 and a maximum of 6.201 and a minimum of 0.231 for the year 2021 and for brand advertising a maximum of 4.847 and a minimum of 0.004 for the year 2020 and a maximum of 6.189 and at least 0.004 for the year 2021). Therefore, it can be concluded that the type of advertising cost sharing can have an effect on the optimal level of the advertising intensity index. Therefore, milk production companies in Iran's milk production industry should try to create an optimal mechanism for sharing advertising costs in order to maximize the profit of the industry and hence, maximize their own profit. https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_96886_00830fc3e51e8c18a3fd70863ac24b94.pdf

University of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 2 2024 06 21 The effect of students' mental health and quality of life during the corona on the educational status of students The effect of students' mental health and quality of life during the corona on the educational status of students 229 249 94246 10.22059/ijaedr.2023.358618.669216 FA Zahra Khoshnoodi Far Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Saravan University, Saravan, Iran. Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Markazi Province, Arak, Iran Fatemeh Ertiaei Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Saravan University, Saravan, Iran Seyed Abolghasem Barabadi Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Saravan University, Saravan, Iran Journal Article 2023 06 10 With the spread of the Corona virus worldwide, the way of teaching in universities has changed and, of course, the mental health and quality of life of students has been affected. Following this trend, the educational status of students during the quarantine and social distance was changed and affected by mental health conditions and quality of life. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of students' mental health and quality of life during the corona on their educational status. This study was performed among students in southeastern universities, Sistan and Baluchistan province (N = 30.217). The sample was 310 students in different fields and levels of education using stratified random sampling. The evaluation tool of this study was an online questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by experts in the field of psychology and behavior. The findings showed a positive and significant relationship between mental health variables and students 'academic status and also the results of structural equation modeling analysis indicate the strong predictive power of mental health and quality of life variables on students' academic status. With the spread of the Corona virus worldwide, the way of teaching in universities has changed and, of course, the mental health and quality of life of students has been affected. Following this trend, the educational status of students during the quarantine and social distance was changed and affected by mental health conditions and quality of life. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of students' mental health and quality of life during the corona on their educational status. This study was performed among students in southeastern universities, Sistan and Baluchistan province (N = 30.217). The sample was 310 students in different fields and levels of education using stratified random sampling. The evaluation tool of this study was an online questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by experts in the field of psychology and behavior. The findings showed a positive and significant relationship between mental health variables and students 'academic status and also the results of structural equation modeling analysis indicate the strong predictive power of mental health and quality of life variables on students' academic status. https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_94246_1020662bbcf5666d1f598c788c966593.pdf

University of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 2 2024 06 21 Analyzing Challenges and Strategies to Improve the Performance of Supportive Researchers in the Agricultural Knowledge Network of Iran Analyzing Challenges and Strategies to Improve the Performance of Supportive Researchers in the Agricultural Knowledge Network of Iran 251 270 91678 10.22059/ijaedr.2023.352180.669194 FA Javad Ghasemi Institute of Agricultural Education and Extension, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Hosein Noori Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Hesamedin Gholami Institute of Agricultural Education and Extension, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Alireza Tavakoli Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 07 Lack of an appropriate linkage between extension and research, is one of the problems of the agricultural extension system. After the implementation of the agricultural extension new system, "senior extension researchers" and "supportive researchers" were defined in order to play a more organized role in the agricultural knowledge network. Accordingly, the purpose of this research was to analyze the challenges and strategies to improve the performance of supportive researchers in the agricultural knowledge network of Iran. The statistical population of the study consisted of research network (N= 1876), out of whom 348 people determined as sample using Daniel's sampling formula and simple sampling technique. Data were collected through a questionnaire; validity of questionnaire was approved by a panel of experts and construct validity (AVE Index). In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR) were calculated. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS₂₂ and Smart PLS₃ software. Results of prioritizing challenges facing supportive researchers indicated that "infrastructural-supportive" dimension was in the highest, and "functional" dimension was in the lowest ranks. Also, results of prioritizing performance improvement strategies for supportive researchers showed that "infrastructural-supportive" dimension was in the highest, and "policy making-planning" dimension was in the lowest ranks. In addition, the results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that challenges and performance improvement strategies models had four dimensions (i.e. functional, infrastructural-supportive, structural and policy making-planning). At last, some recommendations were presented due to the research results in order to improve the performance of supportive researchers. Lack of an appropriate linkage between extension and research, is one of the problems of the agricultural extension system. After the implementation of the agricultural extension new system, "senior extension researchers" and "supportive researchers" were defined in order to play a more organized role in the agricultural knowledge network. Accordingly, the purpose of this research was to analyze the challenges and strategies to improve the performance of supportive researchers in the agricultural knowledge network of Iran. The statistical population of the study consisted of research network (N= 1876), out of whom 348 people determined as sample using Daniel's sampling formula and simple sampling technique. Data were collected through a questionnaire; validity of questionnaire was approved by a panel of experts and construct validity (AVE Index). In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR) were calculated. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS₂₂ and Smart PLS₃ software. Results of prioritizing challenges facing supportive researchers indicated that "infrastructural-supportive" dimension was in the highest, and "functional" dimension was in the lowest ranks. Also, results of prioritizing performance improvement strategies for supportive researchers showed that "infrastructural-supportive" dimension was in the highest, and "policy making-planning" dimension was in the lowest ranks. In addition, the results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that challenges and performance improvement strategies models had four dimensions (i.e. functional, infrastructural-supportive, structural and policy making-planning). At last, some recommendations were presented due to the research results in order to improve the performance of supportive researchers. https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_91678_36c5f4aa683386fbbe588c4f04771f50.pdf

University of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 2 2024 06 21 The factors affecting the acceptance of mechanical and non-mechanical methods of water and soil conservation by farmers of Hamedan-Bahar plain (application of the multinominal logit model) The factors affecting the acceptance of mechanical and non-mechanical methods of water and soil conservation by farmers of Hamedan-Bahar plain (application of the multinominal logit model) 271 287 94245 10.22059/ijaedr.2023.347708.669172 FA Mostafa Baniasadi Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran Nasrin Rezae Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran. Journal Article 2022 08 25 Destruction of basic agricultural resources is one of the biggest challenges facing sustainable food security. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the adoption of mechanical and non-mechanical methods of soil and water resources conservation in Hamedan-Bahar plain. The data of this study was obtained by completing the questionnaire and interviewing 191 farmers in the crop year of 2021-2022. For data analysis, general logit and multinominal logit models were used. The results of this study showed that the factors affecting the acceptance of non-mechanical and mechanical conservation methods can be statistically separated from each other. The variables of having a non-agricultural job, the value of each hectare of land, the commitment to preserve basic resources for the future generation on the probability of accepting non- mechanical methods, and the variables of the value of each hectare of land, the amount of credits received, knowledge of the long-term benefits of conservation agriculture, the commitment to preserve basic resources for The future generation and lack of trust in the advice of agricultural experts have significant effect on the probability of acceptance of mechanical protection methods by farmers. According to the results, measures such as granting long-term, low-interest and targeted facilities for the use of protective measures, increasing educational-promotional activities by the provincial agricultural organization, using public media and virtual networks to inform farmers, creating non-agricultural job fields and diversification of the economic sector in rural areas is one of the proposed policies effective on the acceptance of conservation cultivation methods. Destruction of basic agricultural resources is one of the biggest challenges facing sustainable food security. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the adoption of mechanical and non-mechanical methods of soil and water resources conservation in Hamedan-Bahar plain. The data of this study was obtained by completing the questionnaire and interviewing 191 farmers in the crop year of 2021-2022. For data analysis, general logit and multinominal logit models were used. The results of this study showed that the factors affecting the acceptance of non-mechanical and mechanical conservation methods can be statistically separated from each other. The variables of having a non-agricultural job, the value of each hectare of land, the commitment to preserve basic resources for the future generation on the probability of accepting non- mechanical methods, and the variables of the value of each hectare of land, the amount of credits received, knowledge of the long-term benefits of conservation agriculture, the commitment to preserve basic resources for The future generation and lack of trust in the advice of agricultural experts have significant effect on the probability of acceptance of mechanical protection methods by farmers. According to the results, measures such as granting long-term, low-interest and targeted facilities for the use of protective measures, increasing educational-promotional activities by the provincial agricultural organization, using public media and virtual networks to inform farmers, creating non-agricultural job fields and diversification of the economic sector in rural areas is one of the proposed policies effective on the acceptance of conservation cultivation methods. https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_94245_747002ca44f9f426a1514200c93bd48f.pdf

University of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 2 2024 06 21 Policy network analysis in participatory natural resource management (Case study of Hablehroud watershed) Policy network analysis in participatory natural resource management (Case study of Hablehroud watershed) 289 308 81783 10.22059/ijaedr.2021.319939.669018 FA Hosseinali Motevalli Department of Education and Extension, Faculty of Economics and Agricultural Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Amirreza Rezaei Department of Education and Extension, Faculty of Economics and Agricultural Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Yousef Hejazi Department of Education and Extension, Faculty of Economics and Agricultural Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Amir Alambaigi Department of Education and Extension, Faculty of Economics and Agricultural Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2021 03 03 Natural resource management in Iran follows a hierarchical structure that has different scales at different levels and at each level different actors are involved. In order to achieve consistent participatory management, all organizational actors need coherence. Achieve organizational balance and careful analysis of the policy network in participatory natural resource management. (SNA) Social networking analysis approach , this study analysis organizational cohesion and policy network in participatory natural resource management for 37 institutions related to participatory natural resource management in Hablehroud watershed. The results showed that the intermediate centrality of the four institutions of the Organization of Wars, Rangelands and Watershed Management, Environmental Protection, Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Ministry of Interior has high control and mediation power. Given the key role of institutions such as NGOs in educating, raising awareness and empowering the local community, this is one of the major challenges facing achieving participatory management in the Hableh River watershed. Institutions such as the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare should also have higher interaction and communication with other related organizations in this field. Natural resource management in Iran follows a hierarchical structure that has different scales at different levels and at each level different actors are involved. In order to achieve consistent participatory management, all organizational actors need coherence. Achieve organizational balance and careful analysis of the policy network in participatory natural resource management. (SNA) Social networking analysis approach , this study analysis organizational cohesion and policy network in participatory natural resource management for 37 institutions related to participatory natural resource management in Hablehroud watershed. The results showed that the intermediate centrality of the four institutions of the Organization of Wars, Rangelands and Watershed Management, Environmental Protection, Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Ministry of Interior has high control and mediation power. Given the key role of institutions such as NGOs in educating, raising awareness and empowering the local community, this is one of the major challenges facing achieving participatory management in the Hableh River watershed. Institutions such as the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare should also have higher interaction and communication with other related organizations in this field. https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_81783_9db1b15a5e2e936013516e81107bdc05.pdf

University of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 2 2024 06 21 Factors affecting the adaptation behavior of farmers to floods: (Case study: Aligudarz county) Factors affecting the adaptation behavior of farmers to floods: (Case study: Aligudarz county) 309 330 93339 10.22059/ijaedr.2023.359516.669222 FA Mandana Farhadi Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran Rezvan Ghanbari Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran Journal Article 2023 05 20 Floods have many effects on the aspects of the life of rural households, especially those whose livelihood depends on agriculture. During floods, much economic and social damage is caused to farmers and their livelihoods. Therefore, in order to reduce damages and increase the flexibility of farmers to the negative consequences of floods, it is necessary to adopt flood adaptation strategies. Knowledge about farmers' perceptions, attitudes, and behavior towards floods can reduce their vulnerability and increase their adaptive response to floods. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the adaptation behavior of farmers to floods by using the protection motivation theory. The studied sample included 384 farmers of Aligudarz County, who were selected by a three-stage cluster sampling method. The result of structural equation modeling showed that the variables of perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, response costs, response efficiency, and perceived self-efficacy explained %38 of the changes in farmers' adaptive behavior to floods. Also, the perceived self-efficacy variable with a value of 0.31 had the most significant effect on the adaptation behavior of farmers against floods. The findings of this study can help executive organizations such as agricultural jihad and natural resources to inform and train farmers to adapt to floods. Floods have many effects on the aspects of the life of rural households, especially those whose livelihood depends on agriculture. During floods, much economic and social damage is caused to farmers and their livelihoods. Therefore, in order to reduce damages and increase the flexibility of farmers to the negative consequences of floods, it is necessary to adopt flood adaptation strategies. Knowledge about farmers' perceptions, attitudes, and behavior towards floods can reduce their vulnerability and increase their adaptive response to floods. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the adaptation behavior of farmers to floods by using the protection motivation theory. The studied sample included 384 farmers of Aligudarz County, who were selected by a three-stage cluster sampling method. The result of structural equation modeling showed that the variables of perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, response costs, response efficiency, and perceived self-efficacy explained %38 of the changes in farmers' adaptive behavior to floods. Also, the perceived self-efficacy variable with a value of 0.31 had the most significant effect on the adaptation behavior of farmers against floods. The findings of this study can help executive organizations such as agricultural jihad and natural resources to inform and train farmers to adapt to floods. https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_93339_0d1b7f4343534df9de3e200921a4c843.pdf

University of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 2 2024 06 21 Investigating and identifying indicators of water security in agricultural farming units of Hamedan province Investigating and identifying indicators of water security in agricultural farming units of Hamedan province 331 349 93570 10.22059/ijaedr.2023.358622.669217 FA Mahsa Motaghed Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Shahla Choobchian Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2023 05 06 Achieving water security is one of the most important goals of policymakers in the world. Due to the fact that the identification of water security indicators in the agricultural sector is the most important criterion for checking the status of this resource in order to establish security in the agricultural sector. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to investigate and identify indicators of water security in agricultural farming units using the opinions of experts in this sector. This research is descriptive-survey in terms of quantitative nature, in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection method, and it was designed using the Delphi method to reach group agreement. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the experts in the field of agricultural water management at the university level, and among them, using the purposeful and chain sampling method, 16 experts and experienced experts were selected as a sample for answering. The main tool for data collection was a semi-structured and structured questionnaire. Based on the results of the research, experts measured 20 indicators of water security and there was a general agreement and they were classified into four components: accessibility, availability, usability and sustainability. These indicators are a comprehensive tool for measuring water security in the farm and in line with sustainable development. At the end, based on the results, practical suggestions have been presented. Achieving water security is one of the most important goals of policymakers in the world. Due to the fact that the identification of water security indicators in the agricultural sector is the most important criterion for checking the status of this resource in order to establish security in the agricultural sector. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to investigate and identify indicators of water security in agricultural farming units using the opinions of experts in this sector. This research is descriptive-survey in terms of quantitative nature, in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection method, and it was designed using the Delphi method to reach group agreement. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the experts in the field of agricultural water management at the university level, and among them, using the purposeful and chain sampling method, 16 experts and experienced experts were selected as a sample for answering. The main tool for data collection was a semi-structured and structured questionnaire. Based on the results of the research, experts measured 20 indicators of water security and there was a general agreement and they were classified into four components: accessibility, availability, usability and sustainability. These indicators are a comprehensive tool for measuring water security in the farm and in line with sustainable development. At the end, based on the results, practical suggestions have been presented. https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_93570_3010cd917dbec2e544fb09594e823905.pdf

University of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 2 2024 06 21 Measuring the Export Efficiency of Iran's Agricultural Products in ECO Countries Measuring the Export Efficiency of Iran's Agricultural Products in ECO Countries 351 363 83195 10.22059/ijaedr.2021.317981.669005 FA Sara Baghbanhaghighi Department of agricultural economics, Extension and education science and research branch, Islamic Azad university of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Saeed Yazdani Department of agricultural economics, Department of agricultural economics and development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Milad Aminizadeh Department of agricultural economics, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Journal Article 2021 01 26 The analysis of export efficiency as the performance of the exporting country in achieving the market of a country according to its capabilities has been considered by researchers and policy makers in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the export efficiency of Iran's agricultural products with member countries of the economic cooperation organization (ECO) over three periods. For this purpose, the stochastic frontier gravity model has been used. Based on the results, the variables of economic difference, common border and economic sanctions have had significantly positive effect on Iran's agricultural exports to ECO member countries. The findings of export efficiency indicated that despite the increasing trend of Iran's export efficiency in the market of ECO countries, the amount is not equal to 100 and Iran has not used all its potential capacities. In 2013-2018, the lowest and highest efficiency are related to Kyrgyzstan (20.7) and Afghanistan (29.8), respectively. Accordingly, despite the increase in exports to ECO countries, Iran has encountered with highly unused capacities approximately 70%. Since the highest efficiency and export capacity of Iran is related to countries with common borders, it is suggested that regarding the uncertain political conditions for Iran and its impact on Iran's presence in world markets, exports to ECO countries especially those which have the same border should be considered more than before. The analysis of export efficiency as the performance of the exporting country in achieving the market of a country according to its capabilities has been considered by researchers and policy makers in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the export efficiency of Iran's agricultural products with member countries of the economic cooperation organization (ECO) over three periods. For this purpose, the stochastic frontier gravity model has been used. Based on the results, the variables of economic difference, common border and economic sanctions have had significantly positive effect on Iran's agricultural exports to ECO member countries. The findings of export efficiency indicated that despite the increasing trend of Iran's export efficiency in the market of ECO countries, the amount is not equal to 100 and Iran has not used all its potential capacities. In 2013-2018, the lowest and highest efficiency are related to Kyrgyzstan (20.7) and Afghanistan (29.8), respectively. Accordingly, despite the increase in exports to ECO countries, Iran has encountered with highly unused capacities approximately 70%. Since the highest efficiency and export capacity of Iran is related to countries with common borders, it is suggested that regarding the uncertain political conditions for Iran and its impact on Iran's presence in world markets, exports to ECO countries especially those which have the same border should be considered more than before. https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_83195_6984458dc21d5b671968f3c32c22fc52.pdf

University of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 2 2024 06 21 Study of effective factors on the commercialization of agricultural products in the household farming system of Khalkhal County Study of effective factors on the commercialization of agricultural products in the household farming system of Khalkhal County 365 377 90130 10.22059/ijaedr.2022.337924.669126 FA Khalil Kalantari Professor, Department of Agricultural Management and Development, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Seyyede Zahra Madani gricultural Development & Management Department ,Agricultural Economic & Development college,Agriculture & Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Iran Hosain ُShababali Fami Department of Agriculture Management and Development, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran. Kraj, Iran. Rasool Lavaei Adryani Agricultural Planning, Economic and Rural Development Institute, (APERDI), Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 01 24 The aim of this study was to investigate the level of commercialization of agricultural products the household farming system and the factors affecting it in Khalkhal county. This study was performed from the preliminary data collected using a questionnaire from a stratified random sample of 368 smallholder farmers. The Household Commercialization Index was used to assess the level of commercialization. A multiple regression model was used to estimate the factors associated with small-scale agricultural commercialization. The average household commercialization index is 39.94%. The results of multiple regression showed that the variables that significantly and positively affect commercialization are the number of available markets, membership in cooperatives, non-agricultural income, and amount of livestock production, crop production, and horticultural production. On the other hand, the variables that significantly and negatively affect commercialization are the age of the head of the household, production costs and distance from the market. This study showed that the farmers of this region are mostly subsistence. In order to increase the commercialization of smallholder farmers, special attention is recommended to educate farmers to look at agriculture as a business and equip farmers with marketing and negotiation skills. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of commercialization of agricultural products the household farming system and the factors affecting it in Khalkhal county. This study was performed from the preliminary data collected using a questionnaire from a stratified random sample of 368 smallholder farmers. The Household Commercialization Index was used to assess the level of commercialization. A multiple regression model was used to estimate the factors associated with small-scale agricultural commercialization. The average household commercialization index is 39.94%. The results of multiple regression showed that the variables that significantly and positively affect commercialization are the number of available markets, membership in cooperatives, non-agricultural income, and amount of livestock production, crop production, and horticultural production. On the other hand, the variables that significantly and negatively affect commercialization are the age of the head of the household, production costs and distance from the market. This study showed that the farmers of this region are mostly subsistence. In order to increase the commercialization of smallholder farmers, special attention is recommended to educate farmers to look at agriculture as a business and equip farmers with marketing and negotiation skills. https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_90130_ddae00d11c365d6f1f8b791a52a3ce5e.pdf

University of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2008-4838 55 2 2024 06 21 Monitoring and Predicting Land Use Changes in Kurdistan Province by GIS and CA-Markov Model Monitoring and Predicting Land Use Changes in Kurdistan Province by GIS and CA-Markov Model 379 395 89065 10.22059/ijaedr.2022.335433.669110 FA Milad Zhoolideh Departmen of Agricultural Management of Development, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 0009-0009-8962-1471 Naser Motee Departmen of Agricultural Management of Development, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Ali Asadi Departmen of Agricultural Management of Development, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2021 12 27 Land use changes are one of nature's most dynamic components, evolving dramatically at various sizes since the Industrial Revolution. Ongoing monitoring and quantification of such changes allow us to have a better knowledge of the ecosystem's function and health. The present study aims to apply the Markov hybrid Cellular Automata (CA) model to model land use changes in Kurdistan province. Land use maps were provided using Landsat data and the maximum probability classification approach in six groups for the years 1980, 1990, and 2000. It was then analyzed using the simulation map of 2000 and the real map of the model, and finally, the user map for the years 2030 and 2040 was forecasted using six user classifications. The utilization of agricultural lands, barren lands with little vegetation, urban and built-up regions, and irrigated beds rose by 19.05, 12.36, 0.30, and 0.27 percent, respectively, between 2000 and 2011. Forest and rangeland land use, on the other hand, have declined by 14.75 percent and 17.22 percent, respectively. The kappa coefficient of the model in all coefficients was greater than 0.8, indicating that the model is very efficient. The assessment of future changes in land use compared to 1980 found that forest and rangeland land uses dropped by 17.47 and 28.34 percent between 1980 and 2030, and by 21.98 and 29.78 percent between 1980 and 2040, respectively. Agricultural lands, barren lands with vegetation, residential and built-up regions, and water beds have grown 32.54%, 12.55%, 0.46%, and 0.26%, respectively, from 1980 to 2030, while these uses have increased 36.96%, 12.88%, 1.58%, and 0.33%, respectively, from 1980 to 2040. The findings of this study demonstrate the present and future trends in land use change, which is extremely necessary and beneficial to natural science researchers, environmentalists, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), politicians, and urban planners. Land use changes are one of nature's most dynamic components, evolving dramatically at various sizes since the Industrial Revolution. Ongoing monitoring and quantification of such changes allow us to have a better knowledge of the ecosystem's function and health. The present study aims to apply the Markov hybrid Cellular Automata (CA) model to model land use changes in Kurdistan province. Land use maps were provided using Landsat data and the maximum probability classification approach in six groups for the years 1980, 1990, and 2000. It was then analyzed using the simulation map of 2000 and the real map of the model, and finally, the user map for the years 2030 and 2040 was forecasted using six user classifications. The utilization of agricultural lands, barren lands with little vegetation, urban and built-up regions, and irrigated beds rose by 19.05, 12.36, 0.30, and 0.27 percent, respectively, between 2000 and 2011. Forest and rangeland land use, on the other hand, have declined by 14.75 percent and 17.22 percent, respectively. The kappa coefficient of the model in all coefficients was greater than 0.8, indicating that the model is very efficient. The assessment of future changes in land use compared to 1980 found that forest and rangeland land uses dropped by 17.47 and 28.34 percent between 1980 and 2030, and by 21.98 and 29.78 percent between 1980 and 2040, respectively. Agricultural lands, barren lands with vegetation, residential and built-up regions, and water beds have grown 32.54%, 12.55%, 0.46%, and 0.26%, respectively, from 1980 to 2030, while these uses have increased 36.96%, 12.88%, 1.58%, and 0.33%, respectively, from 1980 to 2040. The findings of this study demonstrate the present and future trends in land use change, which is extremely necessary and beneficial to natural science researchers, environmentalists, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), politicians, and urban planners. https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_89065_63a91026b226a43c8b0e2c2a7487381a.pdf