1395 47 4 0 202

0 اثر متغیرهای کلان اقتصادی بر تورم مواد غذایی کشور: ‏رویکرد مدل تصحیح خطای برداری ساختاری (‏SVECM‏)‏ The Effect of Macroeconomic Variables on Food Inflation in Iran: An ‎Application of Structural Vector Error Correction Model (SVECM)‎ https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61308.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61308 0 قیمت مواد غذایی به دلیل نقش حیاتی غذا در تأمین امنیت غذایی، همواره متوجه سیاست‌گذاران واقع شده است. از طرفی این بخش همانند سایر بخش‌های اقتصادی تحت تأثیر سیاست‌های کلان اقتصادی قرار می‌گیرد، از این‌رو همواره سعی می‌شود با استفاده از سیاست‌های مختلف پولی و مالی تورم مواد غذایی را کنترل نمایند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر متغیرهای کلان اقتصادی بر تورم مواد غذایی در ایران می‌ باشد. در واقع این مقاله به دنبال پاسخ به این سوال می‌باشد که تورم مواد غذایی تحت تأثیر کدامیک از متغیرهای کلان اقتصادی می‌باشد. برای این منظور از رویکرد جدید به نام مدل تصحیح خطای برداری ساختاری (SVECM) برای دوره زمانی 1357-90 استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان داد در کوتاه مدت شوک تورم مواد غذایی اثر مثبت و معنی‌دار و ارزش افزوده بخش کشاورزی اثر منفی و معنی‌دار بر تورم مواد غذایی دارد. در بلندمدت نیز شوک ارزش افزوده بخش کشاورزی دارای اثر منفی و معنی‌دار و حجم پول داری اثر مثبت و معنی‌دار بر تورم مواد غذایی می‌باشند. یعنی در واقع در کوتاه مدت شوک تورم مواد غذایی منجر به افزایش تورم مواد غذایی به میزان 0206/0 می‌گردد. همچنین افزایش ارزش افزوده بخش کشاورزی منجر به کاهش تورم مواد غذایی در کوتاه مدت به میزان 0186/0 و در بلندمدت به میزان 0149/0 می‌گردد و افزایش حجم نقدینگی در بلندمدت منجر به افزایش تورم مواد غذایی به میزان 0723/0 می‌گردد. 1 Food prices are interested policymakers because of its vital roles food security. Agriculture and food prices like other economic sectors will be affected by macroeconomic policies. Hence, governments usually used fiscal and monetary policies to control food inflation. The purpose of this study is investigating the effect of macroeconomic factors on food prices in Iran. In fact, this article looks for answering this question that food inflation is affected by which of macroeconomic variables. Therefore, structural vector error correction model (SVECM) is utilized for period of 1978-2011. The results showed that in short-run food inflation has significant and positive effect on food inflation and value-added has significantly negative effect. In the long-run agricultural value-added has negative and significant effect on food inflation and money supply has significantly positive effect. In fact, food inflation shock increases food inflation in short-run (0.0206). Also rising agriculture value-added causes decreasing food inflation in short-run and long-run amount 0.0186 and 0.0149 respectively. Also money supply increases food inflation in long-run (0.0723). 773 784 محمد قهرمان زاده Mohammad Ghahremanzadeh هیات علمی Iran ghahremanzadeh@tabrizu.ac.ir اسماعیل پیش بهار - - دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز Iran pishbahar@yahoo.com سمانه خلیلی ملکشاه - - دانشجوی مقطع دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز Iran saman_428@yahoo.com Food Inflation Macroeconomic variables Structural Vector Error Correction Model Abdullah, M. & Kalim, R. (2012). Empirical analysis of food price inflation in Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal. 16(7): 933-939.##Akbari, A.H., & Rankaduwa, W. (2005(. Determinants of Inflation and Feasibility of Inflation Targeting in a Small Emerging Market Economy: The Case of Pakistan. Meeting of the Atlantic Canada Economics Association, Halifax, Nova Scotia. November 15-16, 2005.##Amirazdi, A., & Mohammadi, H. (2010). Analysis the effects of monetary and fiscal policies on agricultural sector variables. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research and Policies. 18(53), 45-58. (In Farsi)##Anand, R., Ding, D. & Tulin, V. (2014). Food inflation in India: The role for monetary policy. IMF Working paper.14/178. Asia and Pacific Department. September 2014.##Azam Joiya, S. & Shahzad, A. (2013). Determinants of hight food prices the case of Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review. 51(1):93-107.##Beaudry, P. & Lucke, B. (2010). Letting Different Views about Business Cycles Compete. NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2009, 24: 413 - 455.##Central Bank of Iran. (2013). Statistics Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran.From www.cbi.ir/section/1378.aspx.##Cho, G., Kim, M., & Koo, W.W. (2005). Macro Effects on Agricultural Prices in Different Time Horizons. Meeting of the American Agricultural Economics Association, Providence, Rhode Island. July 24-27, 2005.##Dadras Moghadam, A., &  Zibaei, M. (2009). The relationship between macroeconomic variables and  Iran 's  agricultural sector (with emphasis on monetary policy). Quarterly Journal of Economic Research. 13(39), 95-111. (In Farsi)##Durevall, D., Loening, L. & Birru, Y.A. (2013). Inflation dynamics and food prices in Ethiopia. Journal of development economics. 104: 89-106.##Ghetmiri, M.A., &  Harati, J. ( 2005). Effects of macroeconomic variables on food price index using a Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model in Iran (1959-2000). Quarterly Journal of Economic Research. 7 (23): 221-235. (In Farsi)##Hajian, M.H., Khalilian, S., & Daliri, A. (2007). Effect of monetary and fiscal policies on main variables of agricultural sector. Economic Research Journal. 7(4), 27-47.  (In Farsi)##Kargbo, J. M. (2005). Impacts of Monetary and Macroeconomic Factors on Food Prices in West Africa. Agrekon, 44(2): 205-224.##Kargbo, J.M. (2000). Impacts of Monetary and Macroeconomic Factors on Food Prices in Eastern and Southern Africa. Applied Economics, 32(11): 1373-1389.##Lutkepohl, H. & Kratzig, M. (2004). Applied Time Series Econometrics. Cambridge University Press.##Mozaeni,  A.H. (2006). The effect of monetary shocks on real and nominal variables of the economy (Case study of the exchange rate and the balance of trade).  Nameh-ye Mofid, 2 (83): 54-100. (In Farsi)##Mushtaq, kh., Ghafoor, A. Ahmad, A. & Ahmad, F. (2011). Impact of monetary and Macroeconomic Factors on Wheat Price in Pakistan: Implications for Food Security. The Lahore journal of Economics, 16(1), 95-110.##Rabiye, H., Salarpur, M., & Sabouhi Saboni, M. (2012). The effect of macroeconomic variables on income of the agricultural sector. Agricultural Economics Research. 4(65), 65-85. (In Farsi)##Rahmani, T. (2007), Macroeconomics, (12 th ed.). Volume I. Published by the brothers. (In Farsi)##Rahmani, T. (2009), Macroeconomics, (11 th ed.). Volume II. Published by the brothers. (In Farsi)##Ralf, B. (2001). Source of German unemployment: A structural vector error correction analysis. Discussion Papers, Interdisciplinary Research Project 373: Quantification and Simulation of Economic Processes:1-27.##Shahbazi, K., & Kalantari, Z. (2012). The effects of monetary and fiscal policy shocks on the variables in the housing market in Iran: SVAR approach. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research and Policies. 20 (77): 61 -104. (In Farsi)##Shakeri, A. (2012), Theory and Macroeconomic Policy, (3 th ed.). Volume I. Published by Rafe. (In Farsi)##

0 تحلیل ساختار واردات محصولات کشاورزی ایران با تاکید بر بی‌ثباتی نرخ ارز (کاربرد روش EGARCH و VECM) Determination of agricultural products Import Pattern in Iran https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61309.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61309 0 افزایش تقاضای روز افزون کالاهای کشاورزی و همچنین مدیریت ضعیف استفاده از منابع موجود در کشور سبب شده تا به منظور برطرف ساختن نیاز داخلی، بخش عظیمی از درآمدهای کشور صرف واردات این نوع کالاها شود. لذا به منظور مدیریت هر چه بهتر واردات محصولات کشاورزی و شناسای ابزارهای لازم به منظور کنترل واردات بی‌رویه برخی از این محصولات، در مطالعه حاضر، الگوی واردات محصولات کشاورزی ایران (گندم، جو، ذرت، شکر، برنج، گوشت مرغ، گوشت قرمز، تخم مرغ و دانه‌های روغنی) برای دوره‌ی زمانی 90-1360 مورد تحلیل و ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که سیاست‌های قیمتی در واردات محصولات تخم مرغ، گوشت مرغ و گندم، به دلیل اثرگذاری بیشتر، از اهمیت بالاتری برخوردار است. همچنین متغیر تعرفه وارداتی در محصولات گندم، گوشت قرمز و جو، به عنوان ابزاری از سیاست‌های تجاری حائز اهمیت بیشتری می‎باشد. در نهایت بررسی متغیر نوسانات نرخ ارز نیز نشان می‌دهد که اثر گذاری آن در همه محصولات مثبت منفی است. لذا پیشنهاد می‎شود به منظور مدیریت کاراتر بر واردات محصولات کشاورزی، حمایت از تولیدکنندگان داخلی و برقراری امنیت غذایی به واسطه‌ی موجود بودن غذا در کشور، از ابزارهای سیاستی مناسب همگام با سیاست‌های تجاری فعلی، استفاده شود. 1 The increasing demand of agricultural commodities as well as weak management of resources has resulted in the country in order to satisfy domestic needs, a large part of the income is spent on the import of these goods. So in order to better manage the import of agricultural products and identifying the necessary tools to control the indiscriminate importation of these products, in this study, the pattern of imports of agricultural products (wheat, barley, corn, sugar, rice, chicken meat, meat, egg and oilseed) analyzed and evaluated, for the period 1983-2011. The results show that the price policy on imports of egg products, chicken, wheat, due to mainly impact, higher importance. So, import tariff on wheat, meat, and barley, as an instrument of trade policy is very important. The study also shows that the impact of currency fluctuations in the number products is positive (meat) and in some crops (sugar) is negative. Therefore to efficiently manage on agricultural products imports, supporting local producers and food security through food availability in the country, the appropriate policy instruments to keep pace with current trade policies, should be used. 785 804 امید گیلان پور Omid Gilanpour عضو هیات علمی/ موسسه پژوهش های برنامه ریزی، اقتصادکشاورزی و توسعه روستایی Iran omid.gilanpour@gmail.com محمد رضا پاکروان - - دانشگاه تهران Iran pakravan.m@lu.ac.ir عمران طاهری - - دانشگاه تهران Iran etaheri@ut.ac.ir Import Agricultural products Iran Akhtar, M. A., & Spence-Hilton, R. (1984). Effects of exchange rate uncertainty on German and Us trade. Quartery Review, spring, 7-16.##Asseery, A. & Peel, D. A. (1991). The effects of exchalge rate volatility on exports, Economics Letters, 37, 173-177.##Aydın, F., Çıplak, U. & Yücel, M. (2004). Export Supply and Import Demand Models for the Turkish Economy, The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, Research Department, Working Paper No: 04/09. 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0 اندازه گیری و تحلیل تراز تجاری آب مجازی در بخش کشاورزی استان زنجان Measurement and Analysis of Virtual Water Trade Balance in Agriculture Sector of Zanjan Province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61310.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61310 0 با توجه به تشدید بحران کمبود آب در مناطق مختلف، موضوع تجارت آب مجازی در برنامه‌ریزی و سیاست-گذاری‌های تجارت محصولات کشاورزی، حائز اهمیت است. با محاسبه محتوای آب مجازی می‌توان چارچوب مناسبی برای تعدیل و تدوین راهبردهای بلندمدت بخش آب و کشاورزی فراهم آورد. لذا پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از رهیافت فنی- پایه به تعیین میزان آب مجازی مصرفی و شاخص‌های مرتبط با آن برای محصولات عمده کشاورزی استان زنجان در سال 1392 پرداخته است. نتایج بیانگر آن است که صادرات محصولات کشاورزی (زراعی و باغی) استان زنجان در سال 1392، حجمی معادل 53/26 میلیون مترمکعب صادرات آب مجازی را در پی داشته است. همچنین 95 درصد آب مجازی صادراتی مربوط به محصولات باغی و 5 درصد آن متعلق به محصولات زراعی است. علاوه بر آن شدت مصرف آب در بخش کشاورزی استان زنجان 24 درصد از منابع آب تجدید شونده استان برآورد گردیده است. از این رو لازم است مسئولان بخش کشاورزی استان زنجان، در زمینه یافتن مزیت‌های نسبی در تولید محصولات مختلف کشاورزی به نحوی که کمترین فشار بر منابع آب زیرزمینی وارد گردد، اقدام نمایند. 1 Due to worsening water shortage in various areas, virtual water trade in planning and policy, agribusiness, it is important. By calculating the virtual water content can be adjusted and developing a suitable framework for long-term strategies of water and agriculture sector. This study uses the basic technical approach to determining the amount of virtual water consumption and related indices for the main agricultural products of Zanjan province in 2013. The results showed that agricultural exports (Crop) of Zanjan province in 2013, led to a volume of 26.53 million cubic meters of virtual water export. Also 95% of virtual water export of horticultural products and 5% owned by agronomy. In addition, the intensity of water use in agriculture Zanjan province is estimated 24 percent of the renewable water resources. it is necessary that the agricultural sector in the province, in terms of finding comparative advantage in the production of different agricultural products to be used in such a way that the lowest pressure on groundwater resources, take action. 805 814 سمانه عابدی samaneh abedi دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی Iran sssabedi@gmail.com مرتضی تهامی پور - - دانشگاه شهید بهشتی Iran m_tahami@sbu.ac.ir Virtual water water consumption rate water dependence index water sufficiency index Zanjan Aldaya, M.M., Hoekstra, A. Y., & Allan, J. A. (2008). Strategic Importance of Green Water in International Grope Trade. UNESCO-IHE value of Water Research Report. Series No. 25.##Arabi-Yazdi, A.,  Alizadeh, A . & Mohammadian, F. (2009), Study on Ecological Water Footprint in Agricultural Section of Iran, Journal of Water and Soil, 23(4): 1-15.##Baghestani, A., Mehrabi Boshrabadi, H., Zare Mehrjardi, M.& sherafatmand, C. (2010). Application of the virtual water concept in the management of water resources. Journal of Water Resources. 6, 1: 28-38. (In Farsi).##Chapagain, A.K. & Hoekstra, A.Y. & Savenije, H.H.G. (2006). water saving through international trade of agricultural products, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 10:455-466.##Dehghan Manshadi, H.R., Niksokhan, M.H. & Ardestani, M. (2013). Estimating virtual water of catchment and it’s role in water delivery systems between catchment. Journal of Water Resources, 6, 101-114. (In Farsi).##Faramarzi, M., Yang, H., Mousavi, J., Schulin, R., Binder, C.R. &Abbaspour, K.C. (2010). Analysis of intra-country virtual water trade strategy to alleviate water scarcityin Iran. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, doi:10.5194/hessd-7-2609-2010##Hoekstra, A. Y., & hung, P.P. (2002) Virtual water trade: a quantification of virtual water flows between nations in relation to international crop trade, Value of Water. Research Report Series NO. 11. UNESCO. IEIE. Delft, the Netherlands.##Feng, K., Siu, y, L.,Guan, D & Habacek, k. (2011). Assessing Regional Virtual Water Flows and Water Footprint in the Yellow River Basin, China: A consumption based approach, Geography, 32: 691-701.##Liu, J., Wu, P., Wang, Y. Zhao, X., Sunand, Sh., & Cao, X. (2015), Virtual Water Flows Related to Grain Crop Trade and Their Influencing Factors in Hetao Irrigation District, China.Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 17: 201-211.##Maknon, R., Tahrshmsy, A., Rozegir, R., & Nafisi, M. (2011). Blue virtual water and investigating important crops and their movement in Iran. Fourth Conference on Water Resources Management of Iran,  Amirkabir University of Technology. Tehran.(In Farsi).##Mohammadi Kani Golzar, F. (2012). Water management based on virtual water trade in the products of the country. MS Thesis, School of Economics and Agricultural Development, Tehran University. (In Farsi).##Mohammadi, H. & Taali Moghadam, A. (2011), virtual water trade for major crops in Iran, the second National Conference of applied research of water resources. (In Farsi).##Mohammadi, H. (2012), the effects of trade liberalization on the welfare of consumers and producers of agricultural products, trading virtual water resource sustainability: case study in Fars province. Agricultural Economics, 6, 3: 176-145. (In Farsi).##Novo, P., Garrido, A.  & Varela-Ortega, C., (2009). Are virtual water “flows” in Spanish grain trade consistent with relative water scarcity? Ecological Economics, 68: 1454–1464.##Rohani, N., Amin Sichani, S. Afyoni, M. Mousavi, S.F. & Kamgar haghighi. A. (2008). Food and virtual water trade assessment with regard to water resources in Iran. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, (46) 12: 432-417. (In Farsi).##Sabouhi, M. & Soltani, Gh. (2008). Optimization of crop patterns in the catchment area, with an emphasis on social benefits and net imports of virtual water. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 12, 43: 297-313. (In Farsi).##Salah, A. (2014). Investigatinf virtual water trade patterns in economic activity of Guilan province by Application of expanded input - Output table, Master Thesis, School of Economics, Shahid Beheshti University. (In Farsi).##Zhao, X., Yang, H., Yang, Z., Chen, B., & Qin, Y., (2010).Applying the input–output method to account for water footprint and virtual water trade in the Haihe River basin in China. Environmental Science and Technology, 44: 9150–9156.##Zhang, Z. Y., Yang, H., Shi, M. J., Zehnder, A. J. B. & Abbaspour, K. C. (2011). Analysis of Impacts of China's International Trade on Its Water Resources and Uses. 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0 تأثیر رشد اقتصادی، مصرف انرژی، آزاد سازی تجاری و شهرنشینی بر آلودگی محیط زیست در منطقه منا در طی دوره ی 1995-2012 The effects of economic growth, energy consumption, trade openness and urbanization on environmental pollution In the MENA region during the period 1995- 2012 https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61329.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61329 0 در این پژوهش با استفاده از تحلیل‌های هم جمعی در داده‌های پنل، رابطه ی بلندمدت و کوتاه‌مدت میان انتشار دی اکسید کربن، درآمد سرانه، مصرف انرژی، شاخص آزادسازی تجاری و شهرنشینی در کشورهای منطقه منا در طی سال های 2012-1995 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این پژوهش رابطه ا‌ی N شکل میان درآمد سرانه و آلودگی را نشان داد. اثر متغیر مصرف انرژی در سطح بالایی از اهمیت آماری برخوردار بود، به‌ طوری‌ که انتظار می‌رود با افزایش سرانه مصرف انرژی به میزان 10 درصد، سرانه انتشار آلودگی در بلندمدت حدود 6 درصد و در کوتاه مدت حدود 3 درصد افزایش یابد. شاخص آزادسازی تجاری با اثرگذاری ناچیز، تأثیری مثبت بر سرانه انتشار آلودگی دارد. اثر متغیر شهرنشینی بر سرانه انتشار آلودگی از لحاظ آماری معنی دار نبود. 1 In the present study, Using the Co-integration analysis in panel data, short and long term relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, per capita income, energy consumption, trade openness index and urbanization In the MENA region during the period 1995- 2012 were assessed. The results showed N-shape relationship between income and emissions. The effect of energy consumption variable was significance at high level of statistical, So that by 10 percent increaseing per capita energy consumption is expected that per capita emissions Increased in the long-term and short-term respectively about 6 and 3 percent. trade openness index with little effect, increases the pollution. The effect of urbanization variable on per capita emissions was not statistically significant. 815 824 نوید کارگر ده بیدی - - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد-دانشگاه شیراز Iran kargar.navid@yahoo.com عبدالکریم اسماعیلی Abdolkarim Esmaeili استاد بخش اقتصادکشاورزی در دانشگاه شیراز Iran esmaeili68@yahoo.com carbon dioxide emissions per capita income Panel data Co-integration analysis

0 بررسی ارتباط فرهنگ سازمانی و فرآیند مدیریت دانش در دانشکده های کشاورزی غرب کشور Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Knowledge Management Process In The Agricultural Faculties of West Iran https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61330.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61330 0 هدف کلی این تحقیق توصیفی-پیمایشی، بررسی ارتباط فرهنگ سازمانی و فرآیند مدیریت دانش در اعضا هیئت علمی دانشکده های کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دولتی غرب کشور بود. جامعه آماری تحقیق را اعضای هیأت علمی دانشکده‌های کشاورزی غرب کشور (N=157)، تشکیل ‌داده‌اند. در این پژوهش، از روش تمام شماری استفاده گردید که تعداد 138 پرسشنامه قابل تجزیه و تحلیل بودند. ابزار تحقیق، پرسشنامه‌ای بود که روایی آن بر اساس نظر جمعی از اعضای هیأت علمی گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران و صاحبنظران مربوطه تأیید گردید و برای تعیین میزان پایایی بخش‌های مختلف، از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده گردید (89/0 تا 91/0). داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزارSPSS:win18 ، تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از شاخص‌های توصیفی و استنباطی نظیر میانگین، انحراف معیار، ضریب تغییرات، تحلیل همبستگی و تحلیل رگرسیون استفاده گردید. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد که بین متغیرهای مشارکت، پایداری، سازگاری و ماموریت با مدیریت دانش اعضای هیأت علمی مورد مطالعه رابطه مثبت و معنی‌داری وجود دارد. در نهایت، نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه حاکی از آن است که مولفه‌های سازگاری، ماموریت‏ و مشارکت 9/49 درصد از تغییرات مربوط به متغیر وابسته مدیریت دانش را تبیین می‌کنند. 1 The main purpose of this this descriptive- correlational research was to Investigating the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge management process in the agricultural faculties of west Iran. The statistical population of the study consisted of the faculty members of west Iran agricultural colleges (N=157), and using Census method and 138 questionnaires were analyzable. A questionnaire was the main tool of study. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by the judgment of a panel of faculty members of the department of Agricultural extension and education, University of Tehran who were assumed here as experts. In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach Alpha coefficients were calculated for the main scales of the questionnaire which ranged from 0.81 to 0.91. The data were analyzed by SPSS-win18 software. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistic such as mean, standard deviation, Coefficient of variation, Correlation variability and Regression analysis. The results of correlation analysis showed the relationship between involvement, Consistency, Adoptability and Mission with knowledge management in faculty members is positive and significant. Also, the results of multiple regression analysis indicates that 49/9 percent of the variance of the dependent variable: knowledge management is explained by three components "Adoptability ", "Mission” and” involvement ". 825 838 رویا کرمی دارابخانی roya karami darabkhani دانشگاه تهران-کارشناسی ارشد Iran roya.karami@ut.ac.ir یوسف حجازی yousef hejazi دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران، دکترای آموزش کشاورزی Iran yhejazi@ut.ac.ir احمد رضوانفر ahmad rezvanfar دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران، دکتری آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی Iran arezvan@ut.ac.ir agricultural colleges Knowledge Management Faculty Members Organizational Culture Amin bidokhti, A., Hosseini, Sh.. and Ehsani, Z. (2011). 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0 مقایسه عملکرد کارگزاران خصوصی بیمه محصولات کشاورزی و شرکت‌های تعاونی تولید با استفاده از تکنیک CSM و سروکوال، مورد مطالعه: شهرستان شیراز Performance comparison of private agricultural insurance agents and production cooperatives using CSM & Seraqual techniques: the case of Shiraz County https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61331.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61331 0 در بین سیاست‌های مختلف حمایتی بخش کشاورزی، بیمه محصولات به عنوان راه‌حلی مفید و مناسب همواره مورد تأکید بوده است. صندوق بیمه محصولات کشاورزی در ایران فعالیت خود را از سال 1363 آغاز نمود. از سال 1375، گوشه‌ای از فعالیت‌های خود را به شرکت‌های تعاونی تولید و در ادامه، از سال 1381، بخشی از فعالیت‌های خود را به کارگزاران خصوصی واگذار کرده است. حضور کارآمد و مؤثر این کارگزاران، نیازمند ارزیابی عملکرد و شناخت نقاط قوت و ضعف آنان می باشد. بنابراین هدف کلی این پژوهش مقایسه عملکرد شرکت‌های تعاونی تولید و کارگزاران خصوصی بیمه محصولات کشاورزی می‌باشد. تحقیق از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از حیث روش تحقیق به صورت پیمایشی صورت پذیرفته است. برای محاسبه عملکرد و مقایسه آن در بین دو کارگزار مورد نظر از روش CSM و سروکوال استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از روش CSM، نشان می‌دهد که شرکت‌های تعاونی تولید از نظر عملکرد اقتصادی و اجتماعی نسبت به کارگزاران خصوصی در وضعیتی بهتر هستند، در صورتی که در مورد عملکرد مدیریتی، عمومی و قوانین و مقررات، کارگزاران خصوصی در وضعیتی بهتر می‌باشند. از نظر عملکرد کلی، کارگزاران خصوصی با میانگین (58/63) نسبت به شرکت‌های تعاونی تولید با میانگین (74/55) بهتر بوده‌اند. نتایج به دست آمده از روش سروکوال نیز این نتایج را تأیید می‌کند. 1 Among different supportive policies of agricultural sector, crop insurance as a useful solution has always been emphasized. Moreover, it is necessary to attract private sector to involve agricultural insurance industry. Agricultural insurance fund of Iran actually began its work in September 1984. From 1996, some parts of its activities have been transferred to production cooperatives (PC) and continuing this policy, some parts of its activities have also been transferred to private agricultural insurance (PAI) agents in second half of 2002. To ensure effective and efficient services of these two agents (PC and PAI) in the field of agricultural insurance, it is necessary to evaluate their performance and to learn more about their strengths and weaknesses. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the performance of PC and PAI. Survey research method was used in this study. Validity of the research tool (questionnaire) was confirmed using face validity procedure. Also, Cronbach's alpha was used to calculate its reliability that obtained from 0.64 to 0.80 for the different parts of the questionnaire. CSM and Seaqual techniques were used to calculate PC and PAI performances. The results of both techniques indicated that PCs have a better performance in terms of social and economic aspects, while PAIs are better in management, general and "law and procedures" aspects. Also, calculating total performance revealed that PAIs have a better performance and farmers have been more satisfied with them. 839 850 مهدی نوری پور - - دانشگاه یاسوج- دانشکده کشاورزی Iran mnooripoor@yu.ac.ir خسرو عبدالهی - - دانشگاه یاسوج Iran khosro_abdollahi@yahoo.com رسول مالکی - - دانشگاه یاسوج Iran r_maleki_r@yahoo.com "Agricultural Insurance" "private agents" "production cooperatives" "CSM" "Seraqual" 1-    Aali, S. (2002). Customer satisfaction. Tadbir magazine, (130), 22-41. (In Farsi)##2-    Anderson Boyer Group. (2007). ClientSatisfactionSystem (CSS). U.S.A. P. 2.##3-    Bahrami, E. and Agahi, H. (2006). Risk management in agricultural farms. Sarzaminesabz magazine, 4(37), 32-35. (In Farsi)##4-    Bekkerman A. Smith V. H. and Watts M. J. (2012). The SURE Program and Incentives for Crop Insurance Participation: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis. Agricultural Finance Review. 72(3), 381 – 401.##5-    Culp K. (1997). Major Customer Turnoff: Implication for Extension. Journal of Extension. 35(3).##6-    Goodwin B. K. and Smith V. H. (1995). The Economics of Crop Insurance and Disaster Aid. AEI press: Washington D.C.##7-    Group of management and planning services. (2013). Report of Agricultural Insurance Fund performance in recent years. Agriculture Bank: Agricultural Insurance Fund. (In Farsi)##8-    Hayati, D. and Lari, M. (2000). Barriers to the use of sprinkler irrigation technology by farmers.   Journal of Agricultural Economic and Development, 8(32), 87-213. (In Farsi)##9-    Horowitz J. and Lichtenberg, E. (1993). Insurance, Moral Hazard and Chemical Use in Agriculture. AmericanJournal of Agricultural Economics. (75), 926-935.##10- Jalali Lavasani, E. (2011). A review of the experiences of countries raised in agricultural insurance and way of accepting risk. Insurance world news, (166), 4-15. (In Farsi)##11- Jamshidi, M. (2000). Investigation of factors affecting rural livestock development in East Azarbaijan Province. M.Sc. dissertation, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran. (In Farsi)##12- Javadian, A. and Farzaneh, D. (2004). Performance and experience of agricultural insurance in Iran. Proceeding of Second Conference for Agricultural Insurance, Development and Investment Security, Agricultural Insurance Fund, Tehran. (In Farsi)##13- Mansourfar, K. (2006). Statistical Methods, Tehran University Inc., Iran. (In Farsi)##14- Marson B. and Schmidt F. (2009). Achieving ContinuousImprovement in Client Satisfaction. Treasury Board Secretariat of Canada.##15- Norouzi, F. (2004). Agricultural Insurance in Iran and world. Islamic Parliament Research Center: infrastructure department. (In Farsi)##16- Parasuraman A. Zeithaml V. A. and Berry L. (1985). A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implication for Future Research. Journal of Marketing. 49(1), 41-50.##17- Patten L. M. (2002). Proposing Empirical Research, AGuide to the Fundamentals. Pyrczak Publishing. Los Angeles. U.S.A.##18- Radhakrishna. R. (2002). Measuring and Benchmarking Customer Satisfaction: Implications for Organizational and Stakeholder Accountability. Journal of Extension. 40(1).##19- Sayers, D. Kilmer, R. Lee, J. & Flambert, A. (1996). Satisfaction Evaluation of Milk Handlers by Southern U.S. Dairy Farmers. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 28(2) : 313-321.##20- Shahnousi, N. Rafiei Daraei, H. and Edalatian, E. (2011). Investigation of infrastructural and functional factors affecting insurers' satisfaction about agriculturl products insurance. Journal of Agricultural Economy, 5(1), 103-121.(In Frasi)##21- Smith V. H. and Glouber J. W. (2012). 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An overlook to the development and the need to enter new areas of agricultural insurance. Proceeding of Second Conference for Agricultural Insurance, Development and Investment Security, Agricultural Insurance Fund, Tehran. (In Farsi)##27- Zamani, G. H. Karami, E. and Keshavarz, M. (2007). Agricultural insurance adoption: affective factors. Journal of Economy and Agriculture, 1(1), 141-168. (In Farsi)##28- Zeithaml V. A. Berry, L. and Parasuraman A. (1985). Quality counts in services to business horizons. (28), 44-52.##

0 شبیه سازی اثرات توامان تغییرات اقلیمی و سیاست انتقال آب از بخش کشاورزی به صنعت بر تولیدات باغی (مورد استان یزد) Simulating the Simultaneously effects of Climate Change and Policy of Water transfer from Agriculture to Industry on Horticultural Products (Case of Yazd Province) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61332.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61332 0 چکیده تغییرات اقلیمی از جمله رویدادهایی اجتناب ناپذیر پیش روی بشر در سال‌های آتی است که ابعاد مختلف زندگی انسانی را تحت تاثیر خود قرار می‌دهد. در این راستا به منظور مقابله با آن بدون هیچ شک و تردیدی، سیاستگذاران و مدیران آب سیاست‌های خود را در زمینه آب تغییر خواهند داد که بخش کشاورزی به دلیل بزرگترین مصرف کننده آب در ایران نخستین فعالیتی خواهد بود که تحت تاثیر قرار می‌گیرد. هدف این پژوهش شبیه سازی اثرات توامان تغییرات اقلیمی و سیاست خروج آب از بخش کشاورزی بر تولیدات باغی در استان یزد است. در این مطالعه از روش شناسی پویایی سیستم و از داده های سری زمانی ( از سال1367 تا 1392) استفاده شد و برای تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار vensim بهره گرفته شد. نتایج بدست آمده حاکی از آن است که تغییرات اقلیم، اثرات منفی بر میزان آب بخش باغی برجا خواهد گذاشت که این امر در تعامل با دیگر متغیرهای درگیر در تولیدات باغی منجر به بروز اثرات منفی بر میزان عملکرد باغات تا سال 1404 در حوضه یزد-اردکان خواهد شد. نتایج شبیه سازی سیستم باغی نشان از آن دارد که در این شرایط با اجرای سیاست تخصیص مجدد آب کشاورزی، اثرات منفی حادتری بر بخش باغی تحمیل خواهد شد و می توان احتمال بروز پیامدهایی مانند افزایش تعارضات آبی را هم در بین فعالیت‌های عمده اقتصادی در حوضه یزد-اردکان و هم در درون بخش کشاورزی برای آینده پیش بینی نمود. 1 Abstract Climate Change is inevitable events that influenced the different aspects of human life in the coming years. In this context, in order to deal with it without any doubt, policy-makers and water managers a policy of water will change that agricultural sector as largest consumer of water is the first activity that would be affected. The purpose of this study was to simulate the simultaneously effects of climate change and the policy of water transfer from agriculture to industry on horticultural products in yazd province. In this research, The system dynamics methodology was used. In order to analyze the time series data (from 1367 to 1392) the software of Vensim PLE was used. The results showed that climate change will have negative effects on water resources on Horticultural sector which in interaction with other variables involved in horticultural production can cause negative effects on the performance of the gardens by 1404 in Yazd-Ardakan watershed. In this circumstances, the implementation of the reallocation of agricultural water policy will impose more negative effects on the horticultural sector which can increase the risks such a water conflicts among both the major economic activities and intra-agricultural sector has predicted in Yazd-Ardekan watershed for future. 851 863 طاهره شرقی tahereh sharghi دانشگاه تهران Iran tsharghi@alumni.ut.ac.ir خلیل کلانتری khalil Kalantari دانشگاه تهران Iran khkalan@ut.ac.ir علی اسدی Ali Asadi دانشگاه تهران Iran aasadi@ut.ac.ir محمود جمعه پور mahmoud jomehpour دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی Iran mahjom43@gmail.com climate change transferring agricultural water to out horticultural products plain Yazd-Ardekan Yazd province Ackerman, F. & Stanton, E.A. (2013). Climate Impacts on Agriculture: A Challenge to Complacency?, Global Development and Environment Institute. Working Paper No.13-01##Chiotti, Q.P. & Johnston, T. (1995). Extending the boundaries of climate change research: A discussion on agriculture. Journal of Rural Studies 11: 335-350.##Farajzadeh, M. (2012). Climate Change Effects on River Discharge- Case Study Sheshpir River. Geography and Environmental Planning Journal. 24th Year 49(1):  (In Farsi).##Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2012a). Water withdrawal by sector, Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/nr/aquastat##Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2012b). Coping with water scarcity an action framework for agriculture and food security, Rome. Retrieved from:  http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i3015e/i3015e.pdf ##Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2009). Aquastat. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/irn/index.stm##Fraiture, C. Faryap, A. Unver, O. & Ragab, R. (2013). Integrated Water Management Approaches for Sustainable Food Production. Background Paper for World Irrigation Forum, 28 Sept-5 Oct 2013, Mardin##Frumhoff, P.C., McCarthy, J .J. Melillo, J.M., .Moser, S.C & Wuebbles, D .J. (2007). Confronting Climate Change in the U.S. Northeast: Science, Impacts, and Solutions. Synthesis report of the Northeast Climate Impacts  Assessment (NECIA). Retrieved From: www.ucsusa.org/.../confronting-climate-chan...##GWP (Global Water Partnership). (2000). Integrated Water Resources Management. TAC Background Paper NO.4. Stockholm: Global Water Partnership##10. Hofwegen van Paul, J.M. & Jaspers, F.G.W. (1999). Analytical Framework for Integrated Water Resources Management, IHE Monograph 2, Inter-American Development Bank, Balkema, Rotterdam.##11. Howe, C.W. (1998). Water markets in Colorado: Past performance and needed changes Markets for Water (pp. 65-76): Springer.##12. Howitt, R.E. (1998). Spot prices, option prices, and water markets: An analysis of emerging markets in California Markets for Water (pp. 119-140): Springer. Retrieved from: http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-0-585-32088-5_8##13. International Rice Research Institute. (2000). Water: Tomorrow’s Crisis, Retrieved from: http://www.irri.org.##14. Kurnia, G., Avianto, T.W. & Bruns, B.R. (2000). Farmers, factories and the dynamics of water allocation in West Java. In B.R. Bruns and R.S. Meinzen-Dick (Eds.), Negotiating Water Rights, Intermediate Technology Publications, London.##15. Malano, H.M. & van Hofwegen, P.J.M. (1999). Management of Irrigation and Drainage Systems, Balkema, Rotterdam. From: https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9054104821##16. Mansouri, B., Ahmadzadeh, H., Massah Bavani, A., Morid, S. & Delavar, M. (2014). Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Zarrinehrud Basin Using SWAT Model. Journal of Water and Soil 28(6): 1191-1203. (In Farsi).##17. Meinzen-Dick, R.S., Pradhan, R., Palanisami, K., Dixit, A., & Athukorala, K.. (2004). Livelihood Consequences of Transferring Water out of Agriculture: Synthesis of Findings from South Asia. Ford Foundation, New Delhi.##18. Ministry of Interior of Iran . (2010). Land Use Planning Scheme in Yazd Province. Management and Planning Organization in Yazd Province. (In Farsi).##19. Ministry of Interior of Iran . (2012). Statistical Yearbook of Yazd Province 1390. Planning Department in Yazd., Bureau of Statistics and Information. Retrieved from: http://salnamehtotal.sci.org.ir. (In Farsi)##20. Ministry of Jahad-Keshavarzi[m1] . (2010). Vision and Strategy Development of the Agricultural Sector in Yazd Province. p 350. (In Farsi).##21. Ministry of Energy[m2] . (2012). An Status of Amount of Water in Yazd Province in 1390-91. (In Farsi).##22. Molle, F. (2008). Nirvana Concepts, narratives and policy model: Insight from the water sector. Water Alternatives 1(1):131-156##23. Palanisami, K. (1994). 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0 تأثیر گرایش کارآفرینانه بر عملکرد سازمانی در سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان آذربایجان غربی The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Organizational Performance of the Jihad-e- Agriculture Organization in West Azerbaijan Province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61333.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61333 0 در سال‌های اخیر، گرایش کارآفرینانه به عنوان یک عنصر اساسی در بهبود عملکرد سازمانی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بر این اساس، هدف این تحقیق توصیفی- همبستگی بررسی تأثیر گرایش کارآفرینانه بر عملکرد سازمانی در سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان آذربایجان غربی بود. جامعه آماری این تحقیق را 1040 نفر از کارشناسان سازمان‌ جهاد کشاورزی در استان آذربایجان غربی تشکیل می‌دادند که با توجه به جدول Bartlett et al. (2002)، تعداد 240 نفر از آنان از طریق روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب برای انجام تحقیق انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه‎های استاندارد استفاده گردید. روایی صوری پرسشنامه با نظر پانلی از متخصصان مورد تایید قرار گرفت و روایی سازه و پایایی ترکیبی ابزار تحقیق نیز از طریق برآورد مدل اندازه‌گیری و پس از انجام اصلاحات لازم به دست آمد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که فرضیه تحقیق مورد تایید قرار گرفته و گرایش کارآفرینانه از اثر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر متغیر وابسته برخوردار بود و در مجموع 41 درصد از واریانس عملکرد سازمانی در سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان آذربایجان غربی را تبیین می‌نمود. با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش، می‎توان نتیجه گرفت تقویت گرایش کارآفرینانه به طور مستقیم منجر به بهبود عملکرد سازمانی در سازمان جهاد کشاورزی می‌شود. 1 In the recent years, entrepreneurial orientation has been recognized as an important element in organizational performance. Therefore, the main purpose of this descriptive- correlative research was to study the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on organizational performance of the Jihad-e- Agriculture organization in West Azerbaijan Province. The statistical population of the study consisted of 1040 experts of the Jihad-e- Agriculture organization in West Azerbaijan Province. According to the Bartlett et al. (2002) table, a sample size of 240 was selected using a stratified random sampling method. The standard questionnaires were used to collect the data. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The construct validity and the composite reliability of the research instrument were tested by estimating the measurement model and they were satisfied after making necessary corrections. The results showed that the hypothesis of the research have verified and the entrepreneurial orientation had a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable. 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0 برآورد ارزش اقتصادی نهاده های پرورش کرم ابریشم در استان مازندران Estimating economic value of inputs in Sericulture inMazandaran Province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61334.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61334 0 پرورش کرم ابریشم یکی از فعالیت‌های تولیدی جنبی کشاورزی است. ویژگی‌هایی نظیر کوتاه بودن دوره پرورش، سرمایه‌گذاری اندک و درآمدزایی مناسب برای روستاییان، خصوصاً در اوقات فراغت آن‌ها، به آن جلوه خاص بخشیده است. پژوهش حاضر در صدد دستیابی به فرم تابعی صحیح پرورش کرم ابریشم و ارزش‌گذاری اقتصادی نهاده‌های آن است. این تحقیق در استان مازندران صورت گرفته است. جامعه‌ی آماری تحقیق 1150 نوغاندار بوده که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران حجم نمونه آن 240 نوغاندار برآورد گردید. نمونه‌گیری به صورت خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای و نمونه‌ها به صورت تصادفی ساده از هر خوشه انتخاب گردیدند. جهت برآورد فرم صحیح تابعی، ابتدا 5 الگوی تابعی(کاب- داگلاس، ترانسندنتال، ترانسلوگ، درجه دوم و لئونتیف تعمیم یافته) برآورد گردید که نهایتاً از بین آن‌ها الگوی کاب- داگلاس به‌عنوان الگوی بهینه مورد برازش قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از برازش تابع کاب- داگلاس نشان می‌دهد میزان به‌کارگیری عوامل تولید، بهینه بوده و پرورش کرم ابریشم در مازندران در محدوده ناحیه دوم تولید قرار دارد. هم‌چنین ارزش اقتصادی تخم نوغان 3868339 ریال، برگ توت 3313ریال و نیروی کار 269506 ریال محاسبه گردید. 1 Sericulture is one of lateral agriculture productions. Some of its features such as short period of Rearing, low investment and appropriate incomes for rural people especially at their leisure times turns it into a more special job. This study aims at determining proper functional form of sericulture and economic valuation of inputs. The study has been performed at Mazandaran Province. Statistical population of the study was 1150 sericulturist that sample volume was 240 sericulturist using Cochran formula. Sampling was performed as multi stage cluster and samples were selected accidentally from each cluster. For determining proper functional form at first 5 functional form (Cobb-Douglas, Transcendental, Translog, Quadratic and Generalized Leontief) were estimated that the Cobb-Douglas form was determined as the optimal model. The results obtained from Cobb-Douglas functional form estimation showed that inputs usage amounts were optimal and silkworm rearing at Mazandaran is located at second region of production range. Also, economic value of silkworm egg 3868339, berry leaf 3313and labor 229506 Rials were calculated. 879 886 عبدالله عابدی پریجایی Abdolah Abedi Perijaei دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه گیلان Iran a.abedi66@gmail.com محمد کریم معتمد - - هیئت علمی، دانشگاه گیلان Iran mkmotamed@yahoo.co.in حسین شعبانعلی فمی - - هیئت علمی، دانشگاه تهران Iran hfami@ut.ac.ir محمد کاوسی کلاشمی - - هئیت علمی، دانشگاه گیلان Iran ptpfrm@gmail.com Economical valuation Production Function Silkworm Mazandaran province Ahmad, M., & Shami, T. K. (2012). Production structure and technical efficiency analysis of sericulture in Pakistani Punjab. Journal of  Rural Development, 9 (2), 15-31.##Azamzadeh Shoraki, M., Khalilian, S., & Mortazavi,  S. A. (2011). The selection of production function and estimation of energy importance coefficient at agricultural division. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 19 (76), 205-230. (In Farsi)##Ehsani, M., Hayati, B., Ghahramanzadeh, M Dashti, G., & Hosseinzadeh, J. (2012). Water Economic Value Estimation in Barley Production at Qazvin Plane Irrigation Network. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 22(1), 187-200. (In Farsi)##Bakhshodeh, M. & Akbari, A. (2013). Production economic (Its application in agriculture), (4th ed.). Kerman: Bahonar University. (In Farsi)##Chambers, R.G. (1988). Applied production analysis: A dual approach .Cambridge University Press.##Dashti, G., Khaksar, F., & Ghahramanzadeh, M. (2013). The determination of effective inputs on production and production risks of onion planting at Tabriz plain. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 44 (3), 389-397. (In Farsi)##Dewangan ,S.K. (2013). Livelihood opportunities through sericulture a model of Gharghoda tribal block, raigarh dist. American Journal of Environmental Science, 9 (4), 343-374.##Griffin, R. C., Montgomery, J. M., & Rister, M. E. (1987). Selecting functional form in production analysis. Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, 12, 216-227.##Halter, A.N., Carter, H. O., & Hocking, J. G. (1957). A note on the transcendental production function. Journal of Farm Economics, 39,  966-974.##10. Hosseinzadeh, J., & Salami, H. (2005). The selection of production function to estimate the economic value of agricultural water. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 12 (48), 53-84. (In Farsi)##11. Iranian sericulture Development center, 2014.##12. Kakoti, R. K. (2012). Sericulture as well as Ericulture as a Source of Employment and Income. IJCAES Special Issue on Basic, Applied & Social Sciences, 2, 370-372.##13. Kavosi, S., Ebrahimpour, M., & Khayati, M. (2007). Analysis of productivity industries rice Guilan province by production function method and DEA . Journal of Economic Science, 3 (12), 81-96. (In Farsi)##14. Kumaresan, P., Srinivasa, G., & Vijaya Prakash, N. B. (2005). Productivity and Profitability in Rainfed Sericulture: A Study in the District of Chamaraja Nagar in Karnatak. Journal of  Agricultural Economics Research Review, 18, 91-102.##15. Malik, M. S., Kaushal, P., & . Sah, R. B. (2008). Socioeconomic upliftment of tribal communities in Jharkhand through Agroforestry based farming system. Birsa Agril. University, Ranchi.##16. Medellin Azuara, J.,  Harou, J. J., & Howitt, R. E. (2010). Estimating economic value of agricultural water under changing conditions and the effects of spatial aggregation. Science of the TotalEnvironment,408(23): 5639-5648.##17. Mohamadinejad, O. (2001). The economic value of water in  Plain Saveh. MSC. dissertation, University of Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi)##18. Seidavi, A. R., Bijannia, A. R., & Rahi, M. R. (2006). Sericulture: Development and Employment. Monthly Sonboleh, 151. (In Farsi)##19. Seidavi, A. R., Gholami, M. R., &  Biabani, M. R. (2003). Investigation on resistance ability of silkworm lines to white muscardine disease. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34, 701-710. (In Farsi)##20. Shobeirian, M. A. (1994). Sericulture. Iran Silkworm Rearing Co. (In Farsi)##21. Thompson, C. D. (1998). Choice of flexiblefunctional forms: Review and appraisal. Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, 13,169-183.##22. Zarei, N., Mehrabi, M., & Khosravi, M. (2014). Analysis of Water Economic Value in Production of Potato: A Case Study of Villages of Kordestan and Hamedan Province. Journal of Rural Development Strategies, 1(3), 19-32. (In Farsi)##

0 آسیب‌شناسی کیفی توسعه نظام بهره برداری تخصصی کالا در بخش کشاورزی: مورد کشت توتون در استان مازندران An Qualitative Diagnosis of Agricultural Specialized Commodity Production System: Case of Tobacco Production in Mazandaran Province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61388.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61388 0 نظام کشت توتون به عنوان یک نظام تولید کالای تخصصی در استان مازندران رایج است و دستاوردهای برای اشتغال، درآمد، و معیشت روستاییان منطقه دارد. از این‌رو توسعه نظام کشت توتون می‌تواند به پایداری نظام معیشت روستایی کمک نماید. بررسی وضعیت کشت توتون در این استان در سالهای اخیر گویای این واقعیت است که کشت این محصول با چالش‌های متعددی روبرو است که موجب کاهش سطح کشت توتون در استان مازندران شده است. این مطالعه با هدف شناسایی و تحلیل مسایل و مشکلات کشت توتون در استان مازندران و ارایه سازوکارهای مقتضی برای توسعه این نظام تولید انجام شده است. این تحقیق به صورت کیفی و با روش تئوری بنیانی انجام شد. جمع‌آوری داده‌ها با کمک مصاحبه کیفی نیمه‌ساختارمند صورت گرفت. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل توتونکاران استان مازنداران و کارشناسان شرکت دخانیات ایران (موسسه آموزشی تحقیقاتی تیرتاش) بود. یک نمونه نمایا به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شد (42n=). داده‌های گردآوری شده با کدگذاری چند مرحله‌ای، شامل کدهای باز، کدهای محوری و کدهای گزینشی تحلیل شد. بر این اساس بازدارنده‌های توسعه کشت توتون در شش طبقه موضوعی شامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی- ارتباطی، فنی- زیرساختی، سازمانی – نهادی، طبیعی – زراعی و پشتیبانی نامساعد و پیشبرنده‌های توسعه کشت توتون در چهار طبقه موضوعی شامل خدمات حمایتی، سیاستگذاری‌ها و سازماندهی مناسب، تسهیل دسترسی به عوامل تولید و ملاحظات اجتماعی خلاصه شده است. مفهوم‌پردازی پیشبرنده‌ها و بازدارنده‌های به ترسیم دو الگوی مفهومی نمایا برای توسعه کشت توتون در استان مازندران منجر شده است. 1 Tobacco farming system as a specialized commodity production system is common in the Mazandaran province and the gains to employment, income and livelihood for rural communities. Hence the development of tobacco farming system can contribute to the sustainability of rural livelihoods. Statistical evidences of tobacco cultivation in recent years illuminate that this farming system is faced with serious challenges in Mazandaran province. This research aimed at identify and analysis issues and problems of tobacco cultivation and provide appropriate solution to develop the tobacco farming system. This qualitative Research carried out by Grounded Theory method. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews. Statistical population of this research consisted of included tobacco growers in the Mazandaran province and experts of Tobacco Research Institute of Tirtash, affiliated to Iranian Tobacco Company. Using purposeful sampling technique, a representative sample was selected (n=42). Data was analyzed through multi-stage coding, including open coding, axial coding and selective coding. According to research findings, restraining factors affecting development of tobacco framing summarized in the six thematic categories, including economic, social – communication, technological - infrastructure, organizational - institutional, natural – agronomic and inappropriate supporting. Also, constructing factors categorized in four principal components, including supplying support services, appropriate policy making and organization, facilitated access to crop inputs, and social considerations. Through conceptualization of retraining and constricting factors, two representative conceptual model of development of tobacco framing system in the Mazandaran province was drawn. 887 899 محمدشریف شریف‌زاده Mohammad Sharif sharifzadeh عضو هیات عملی/ دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان Iran sharifsharifzadeh@gmail.com عبدالحلیم کر - - مازندران، بهشهر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش توتون تیرتاش Iran halim_kor@yahoo.com agricultural exploitation farming system specialized commodity production tobacco production system Grounded theory Abdollahi, M. (1998). ‎Farming systems: A comparative study and evolution of farming systems in Iran. Deputy of Extension and Farming System, Ministry of Jihad-e-Keshavarsi, Tehran. (In Farsi).##Adrian, J. L. & Green, T. W. (2001). Agricultural cooperative managers and business environment. Journal of Agribusiness, 19 (1): 17-33.##Axinn, G. H. (1998). Guide on alternative extension approaches. Agricultural Education and extension Service, Human Resources, Institutions and Agrarian Reform Division. Rome: FAO.##Azkia, M. & Firozabadi,C. (2008). Social Capital, Land Use Systems, and Peasants Cooperative Production. Journal of Social Sciences Letter, 16(1), 33-98 (In Farsi).##Badri, S. B., Eftekhari, A. R., Salmani, M., & Behmand, D. (2011). The Role of Family Farming System on Sustainable Rural Development (Case Study: Ghir & Karzin County - Fars Province). Human Geography Research Quarterly, 76: 33-48 (In Farsi).##Bawden, R. J. (1996). The Systems Dimension in Farming Systems Research. Journal of Farming Systems Research and Development, 5: 1-18.##Bawden, R. J. (2005). The Hawkesbury Experience: Tales from a Road Less Traveled. In: The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Agriculture. Jules Pretty (ed). Earthscan, London.##Danashkhaki, M. Karbasi, E. & Afsarpanah, A. (2000). Investigation the situation of the operating systems on agricultural land Razavi. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 29: 184-200 (In Farsi).##Flick, U. (2009). An Introduction to Qualitative Research. SAGE Publications Ltd, 528 p.##Gliessman, S. R. (2010). The Framework for Conversion, in: Gliessman S. R. & Rosemeyer, M. (eds.) The Conversion to Sustainable Agriculture: Principles, Processes, and Practices. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/ Taylor & Francis Publishing Group.##Hansen, J. W. (1996). Is Agricultural Sustainability a Useful Concept? Agricultural Systems, 50, 117–143.##Iranian Tobacco Company. (2008). Agriculture Yearbook. Bureau of Agriculture, Iranian Tobacco Company, Tehran, p:8. (In Farsi).##Kemper, E., Stringfield. S., & Teddlie, C. (2003). Mixed methods sampling strategies in social science research. In A. Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social & behavioral research (pp. 273-296). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.##Kia, N. (1999). An Investigation of causes and factors affecting the cultivation of tobacco in Mazandaran province. M.Sc. thesis, Mazanderan's State Management Training Center, Sari. (In Farsi).##Kor, A., Jafari, M. & Salehi, F. (2010). Study of effective factors in success and efficiency of tobacco growers cooperatives in Mazandaran province. Peper presented at the 3rd Congress on Agricultural and Natural Resources Extension & Education, 2-3 March 2010, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran (In Farsi).##Kuzel, A. J. (1992). Sampling in qualitative inquiry. In B. F. Crabtree & W. L. Miller (Eds.), Doing qualitative research (pp. 31-44). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.##Leisz, S. L., Thu Ha, N., Bich Yen, N., Thanh Lam, N., & Duc Vien, T. (2005). Developing a methodology for identifying, mapping and potentially monitoring the distribution of general farming system types in Vietnams northern mountain region. Agricultural Systems, 85: 340–363.##Motiei-Langroudi, S. H., Rezvani, M., Faraji Sabokbar, H. A. & Khajeh Shahkouhi, A. (2010). Analysis of Sustainability of Family and Rural Production Cooperative Farming Systems (Case Study: Agh-Ghala Township: Golestan Province). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 41-2(3): 323-333. (In Farsi).##Najafi, GH. & Zahedi, SH. (2005). The issue of sustainability in agriculture. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 2: 73-106 (In Farsi).##Pretty, J.; Morison, J., & Hine, R. (2003). Reducing food poverty by increasing agricultural sustainabiliy in developing countries. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 95: 217-234.##Rasul, G. & Thapa, G. B. (2003). Sustainability Analysis of Ecological and Conventional Agricultural Systems in Bangladesh, World Development, 31(10): 1721–1741.##Strauss, A. (1987). Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists, NY: Cambridge Univ. Press.##Struss, A. & Corbin, J. (1990). Basic of Qualitative research, California: Sage Publication.##Taherkhani, M. & Rahmani, D. (2006). Specialization of Cultivation Pattern and Its Role in Rural Development, Case Stady: Strawberry Cultivation in Javarud Region of Marivan. Journal of Spatial Planning (Modares Elom-e-Ensani) 10(1): 81-102 (In Farsi).##Zamani, P. (2011). Agronomy and Curing of Tobacco. Tehran: Beh Andishan press. (In Farsi).##

0 واکاوی توان سازگاری کشاورزان گندم کار در برابر ریزگردها (مورد مطالعه: شهرستان دهلران) Adaptive capacity assessment of wheat farmers Towards dust (Case Study: dehloran township) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61389.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61389 0 هدف پژوهش حاضر واکاوی توان سازگاری کشاورزان در برابر ریزگردها می باشد. جامعه آماری تحقیق کشاورزان گندم‌کار شهرستان دهلران در دو بخش مرکزی و موسیان به تعداد 2105 نفر بودند که از میان آن‌ها، 330 کشاورز با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شد. ابتدا شاخص‌های توان‌سازگاری در برابر ریزگردها تهیه و با نظر 15 کارشناس در این زمینه با استفاده از AHP بر اساس مقایسات زوجی در نرم‌افزار Expert choice وزن دهی شدند. سپس اقدام به ساخت شاخص ترکیبی شد. در نهایت با استفاده از روش منطق فازی در نرم‌افزار Matlab، توان سازگاری کشاورزان مورد مطالعه به دست آمد. بر اساس یافته‌های حاصل از روش منطق فازی، کشاورزان دهستان دشت عباس با میزان 605/0 دارای بیشترین توان سازگاری، دهستان نهرعنبر با میزان 588/0 و دهستان اناران با میزان 563/0 به ترتیب دارای دومین و سومین رتبه از نظر توان سازگاری بودند. دستاوردهای حاصل از این پژوهش، به برنامه‌ریزان و مدیران کمک می‌کند تا با در نظر گرفتن میزان توان سازگاری کشاورزان، در تخصیص اعتبارات به آنان یاری رسانند و منبعی معتبر جهت برنامه‌ریزی‌های آینده برای سرمایه‌گذاری در راستای افزایش توان سازگاری و در نهایت کاهش آسیب‌پذیری کشاورزان این منطقه در برابر ریزگردها باشد. 1 the purpose of this study was to assess the adaptive capacity of farmers towards dust. The population in this study comprised of wheat farmers (N = 2105) in which 330 wheat farmers from Markazi and Moosian townships were selected using stratified proportionate cluster sampling techniques. The first To assess farmers' adaptive capacity towards dust was used as indicators of adaptive capacity. Using AHP techniques, 15 experts weighted the indicators through 2*2 matrices and Expert Choice Software was utilized as tool for further analysis. Composite indicators were then developed for further assessments. Fuzzy logic and MATLAB Software was used to determine the adaptive capacity of wheat farmers. Result revealed that wheat farmers the Adaptive capacity of Dasht Abas Rural district Farmers with the rate of 0.605 had the highest Adaptive capacity and Nahr anbar Rural district with rate of 0.508 and Anaran Rural district with rate of 0.563 were placed in second and third place. The implication of this study aids policy-makers in Dehloran Township to allocated resources based on farmers vulnerability level. Furthermore, the result of this study helps policy-makers to plan for enhancement of farmers' adaptive capacities and thus lowering their vulnerability towards dust. 901 912 محبوبه خیراللهی - - دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه Iran m_kheirolahi@yahoo.com امیر حسین علی بیگی - - عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه Iran baygi1@gmail.com کیومرث زرافشانی - - عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه Iran zarafshani2000@yahoo.com Dust Adaptive Capacity AHP fuzzy logic Acosta-Michlik, L., Klein, R.J.T., Kumar, K., Eierdanz, F., Alcamo, J., Kromker, D., Carius, A., & Tanzler, D. (2005). How vulnerable is India to climatic stress? Measuring vulnerability to drought using the Security Diagram concept. An International Workshop Holmen Fjord Hotel, Asker, near Oslo, 21–23.##Alcamo, J., Acosta-Michlik, K., Carius, A., Eierdanz, F., Klein, R., Kromker, D., & Tanzler, D. (2008). A new approach to quantifying and comparing vulnerability to drought. Regional Environmental Change, 8, 137–149.##Acosta, L.A., & Eugenio, J.M.A. (2014). Defuzzification of Fuzzy Concepts to Support Vulnerability Assessments ofClimate Change Impacts in the Philippines. Advances in Environmental Research, New York: Nova Science, 2014, 165-194 .##Buckle, Ph. (2000). New approach to assessing vulnerability and resilience. Australian Journal of Emergency Management. Winter2000##Bartlett. J.E., Kotrlik, J.W., & Higgins, Ch. C. (2001). Organizational Research: Determining Appropriate Sample Size in Survey Research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1),##Bojorquez-Tapia, L.A. (2002). Integrating Fuzzy Logic, Optimization, and GIS for Ecological Impact Assessments. Environmental management, 30)3(, 418–433.##Boochani, M.H., & Fazeli, D. (2011). Environment Challenges and its Consequences Case Study: Dust and its Impact in the West of Iran. Quarterly Of Doctrine of Policy Making, 2(3),  (In Farsi).##Beaula, Th., & Partheeban, J. (2013). Risk Assessment of natural hazards in nagapattinam district using fuzzy logic model. International Journal of Fuzzy Logic Systems (IJFLS), 3(3), ##Cassel- Gintz, M.A., Ludeke, M.K.B., Petschel-Held, G., Reusswig, F., Plochl, M., Lammel, G., & Schellnhuber, H. J. (1997). Fuzzy logic based global assessment of the marainalitv of aaricultural land use. Climate Research, 8, 135-150.##10. CHeung, W.W. L., Pitcher, T.J., &Pauly, D. (2005). A fuzzy logic expert system to estimate intrinsic extinction vulnerabilities of marine fishes to fishing. Biological Conservation, 124, 97–111.##11. Cutter, S.L., Emrich, CH.T., Webb, J.J., & Morath, D. (2009).  Social Vulnerability to Climate Variability Hazards: A Review of the Literature. Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute Department of Geography University of South Carolina Columbia, SC 29208.##12. Eakin, H., & Bojorquez-Tapia, L.A. (2008). Insights into the composition of household vulnerability from multicriteria decision analysis. Global Environmental Change, 18, 112–127.##13. Gentle, P., & Maraseni, T.N. (2012). Climate change, poverty and livelihoods: adaptation practices by rural mountain communities in Nepal. Environmental Science & Policy, 21 (2012) 24 – 34.##14. Hahn, M.B., Riederer, A.M., & Foster, S.O. (2009). The Livelihood Vulnerability Index: A pragmatic approach to assessing risks from climate variability and change—A case study in Mozambique. Global Environmental Change, 19(1): 74-88.##15. Ingram, J.C., Franco, G., Rumbaitis-del rio, C., & Khazai, B. (2006). Post-disaster recovery dilemmas: challenges in balancing short-term and long-term needs for vulnerability reduction. Environmental Science & Policy, 9, 607– 613.##16. Ifeanyi-obi, C., Etuk, U.R., & Jike-wai, O. (2012). 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0 تحلیل نقش افزایش قیمت حاملهای انرژی در پذیرش انرژی های تجدیدپذیر توسط پرورش دهندگان مرغ گوشتی شهرستان گرمسار Analyzing the role of increased energy prices on the renewable energy adoption by birder of Garmsar Township https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61401.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61401 0 با توجه به اجرای قانون هدفمند سازی یارانه ها در کشور و افزایش قیمت انرژی به عنوان یکی از مهمترین نهاده های مزارع مرغ گوشتی، جایگزینی منابع سوخت فعلی با منابع تجدید شونده به جهت کاهش هزینه های تولید ضروری بنظر می رسد. برای این منظور ما در این تحقیق بدنبال شناسایی عوامل موثر بر پذیرش استفاده از انرژی های نو توسط مرغداران مرغ گوشتی شهرستان گرمسار بودیم. این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف کاربردی به شمار می آید که از روش علی – ارتباطی انجام شد. جامعه آماری مورد نظر این تحقیق مرغداران مرغ گوشتی شهرستان گرمسار در استان سمنان بود. مطابق نتایج بدست آمده بین متغیر های تحقیق شامل مزیت های درک شده فناوری های نوین، تهدیدات درک شده از وضعیت فعلی تامین انرژی، مهیا بودن شرایط برای استفاده از منابع تجدید شونده و تمایل مرغداران برای استفاده از آن و پذیرش انرژی های تجدید پذیر توسط پرورش دهندگان مرغ گوشتی شهرستان گرمسار رابطه معنی داری وجود داشت. بر اساس نتایج رگرسیون، مدل ارائه شده در این تحقیق توانست 2/81 درصد واریانس فرآیند پذیرش را تبیین نماید. همچنین نتایج حاصل از تحلیل مسیر نشان داد که عوامل تمایل به بکارگیری با ضریب تاثیر مستقیم 493/0 موثرترین عامل در پذیرش مرغداران در استفاده از انرژی های نو توسط مرغداران بوده است. مزیت های درک شده فناوری انرژی های نوین با ضریب تاثیر کل 324/0 دومین، مهیا بودن شرایط با ضریب تاثیر کل 322/0 سومین و تهدید های درک شده از وضعیت فعلی تامین انرژی با ضریب تاثیر کل 241/0 چهارمین عامل موثر و معنی دار در فرآیند پذیرش می باشند. 1 With regard to the implementation of targeted subsidies law in the country and rising energy prices as one of the most important inputs birder, replacing current fuel sources with renewable sources is necessary in order to reduce production costs. For this purpose, in this we study to identify factors affecting the adoption of new energy resource by birder in Garmsar Township. This research based on goal is applicable and based on method was casual – relative. The population of this study was Garmsar township birders. Based on the results there was a significant relationship between perceived benefits of new technologies, perceived threat from the current situation of energy supply, provides the conditions for the use of renewable resources and willingness of farmers to use it and adoption renewable energy. Purposed model can explained 81.2% of the variance of dependent variable. Also results of path analysis showed that factor willingness with direct impact factor 0.493 was the most effective factor on the adoption of using renewable energy. The perceived advantages of modern energy technologies with impact factor of 0.324 the second, prepared of conditions with total impact factor 0.322 third and perceived threats of the current situation of energy supply and a significant factor with impact factor 0.241 are the fourth affecting factors on adoption process. 913 927 محسن محمدی Mohsen Mohammadi دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرمسار Iran as.mohsen.mohammadi@gmail.com محمدصادق صبوری - - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرمسار Iran mssabouri@iau-garmsar.ac.ir Fossil Energy renewable energy behavior change Birder

0 آسیب شناسی آموزش کشاورزی در دانشگاه پیام نور شهرستان شهرضا Agricultural Education Pathology in Payam-e-Noor University (PNU) of Shahreza Branch https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61414.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61414 0 چکیده هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مشکلات آموزش کشاورزی در دانشگاه پیام نور شهرستان شهرضا بوده است. روش تحقیق به کارگرفته شده کیفی بوده و جامعه آماری این پژوهش را چهار گروه کادر برنامه‏ریزی و مسؤولان رشته، اساتید، دانش ‏آموختگان و دانشجویان در سال تحصیلی 92-91 تشکیل داد. تعداد نمونه‏های مورد بررسی با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس 58 نفر( تعداد 39 نفر از دانشجویان، 7 نفر از استادان ، 6 نفر از کادر برنامه‌ریزی و 7 نفر از دانش‏آموختگان) بودند و اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق مصاحبه‏های نیمه‏ساخت‏دار گردآوری شد. به منظور تعیین قابلیت اعتبار یا اعتماد پذیری سؤال‌ها و دستیابی به نتایج بدون سوگیری و قابل انتقال (درجه انتقال‏پذیری داده‌ها) از روش‏هایی نظیر حضور و تماس پژوهشگر با محیط پژوهش، بررسی موضوع از زوایای مختلف و کفایت منابع و داده‏ها استفاده شد. داده‏های جمع آوری شده بر اساس تحلیل محتوا مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مهم‏ترین مشکلات و موانع آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور شهرستان شهرضا عبارت است از: عدم تناسب محتوا با رشته کشاورزی و نیاز دانشجویان، حجیم بودن محتوای دروس نسبت به سایر دانشگاه‌ها، عدم توجه به تدریس عملی و اجرای روش‏های متناسب با کار کشاورزی، یادگیری پایین دروس، محدود بودن امکانات یادگیری دروس کشاورزی و آزمایشگاه مجهز، عدم تناسب آزمون با نوع محتوای درس، عدم توجه به آزمون‌های مستمر و جامع نبودن بعضی آزمون‌ها. هم‌چنین از جمله راهکارهای بدست آمده در خصوص رفع این موانع و بهبود وضعیت آموزش کشاورزی می‏توان به مواردی از قبیل: استفاده از اساتید با گرایش متناسب با درس و دارای سطح تحصیلات و هم‌چنین تجربه آموزشی بالاتر، اصلاح و بازبینی کتاب‌های درسی برای عاری بودن از غلط‌های محتوایی و چاپی، تصحیح و بازبینی سؤالات و جواب‏ها قبل از برگزاری آزمون و تخصیص بخشی از نمره به آزمون عملی و فعالیت‌های دانشجو اشاره نمود. 1 Abstract The main purpose of the present study was to agricultural education pathology in Payam-e-Noor University (PNU) of Shahreza Branch. Research method was qualitative and the population included four groups i.e. planning personnel, university instructors, university students and graduates in 2012-2013 academic years. The samples were 58 people including 39 students, 7 instructors, 6 planning personnel and 7 graduates. The data was gathered by semi-structured interviews. To determine the credibility and trustworthy of the questions and to achieve impartial and transferable results (transferability of data), the methods of continuous contacts of researcher to environment and the subject, the adequacy of the references, and triangulation were used. The data were analyzed based on a content analysis qualitative method. The results of the study showed that the most important difficulties and obstacles in agricultural education in PNU, Shahreza Branch were the irrelevance of teaching material to agriculture discipline and students’ need, the over-content books in comparison to other universities, ignoring practical teaching and executing methods compatible with agriculture, low level of learning, lack of laboratory and related facilities, incompatibility of test with the content of the course, ignoring frequent and continuous tests, some tests are not comprehensive. Cases such as use appropriate faculty major of Study with course and with higher levels of education and teaching experience, reform and revision of textbooks be free of mistakes content and print, correcting and revision questions and answers before holding the test and the allocations part of scores to operational tests and activities of student were some solutions to solve the mentioned difficulties and improve teaching agriculture. 929 941 زهرا حاجی هاشمی Zahra Haji Hashemi دانشجوی بوعلی سینا Iran haji.hashemii@yahoo.com رضا موحدی - - دانشگاه بوعلی سینا Iran r.movahedi@basu.ac.ir Key words: Agricultural education educational system PNU qualitative analysis Abdellah, G. A., Fahmitaher, Ismail, E. A. (2007). Enhancing agricultural education in Egypt through competitive mechanism, electronic Journal of Human resources for health, 6 (7), 1-12, Retrieved 18 April 2008, from http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/6/1/17.##Aghasi Zadeh, F. (1996). Fundamental problems agriculture education system in Iran. Jihad monthly social economic magazine. Pp: 188-189. (In Persian).##Ahanchain, M.H.; Jaafarian Rad, M. J. Fakoor, M. and Zohoor, V.(2009). Quality evaluation of courses held in Jihad-Agriculture Higher Education Centers at Khorasan Razavi Province based on CIIP model. Quarterly journal of research in agricultural education management, 10: 54- 63.##Bahrami, F. and Gh. Zemani. (2001). Agricultural Higher Education: Problems and Solutions. Jihad Magazine. 21 (244-245): 27-32. (In Persian).##Boone, H. N. (2002). Problem of Agricultural Education Research Conference Orland. West Virginia University, pp 333-345.##Davies, T., Moen, D. and Dykstra, D. (2008). Faculty Perceptions Concerning the Ethics of Classroom Management Practices, Journal of Academic and Business Ethics, 3 (4).##Hossaini S. M. and Yaghobi, J. (2005). Survey barriers to entrepreneurship in agricultural higher education and Strategies to it are strengthening. Proceedings of Conference on Agricultural Education. Tehran. (In Persian).##Karimian, H.; Sharifi, M. and Sharbatian, Y. (2007). Factors affecting students' attitude of Garmsar Azad University towards professors. Research letter of social sciences, 1(4).##Lahariya, K.T. and Ingle, P.O. (2007). Teaching Competency of Academic Staff In Agricultural University. Asian Journal of Education, 2(5).##Moghaddas-Farimani, S.; Heydari, H. and Salehi-Moghaddam, M. (2006). Educational Performance evaluation of teachers in Applied-Scientific Higher Education Centers of Jihad-Agriculture Complex. Quarterly journal of education and construction, 3:75-.85##Movahedi, R. (2001) Challenges of agricultural education. Hamadan University Press, 136 PP. (In Persian).##Movahedi, R.; Akbari, R. and Yaghoubi-Farani, A. (2010). Solutions for improving agricultural graduates' employment status (case of Bu Ali Sina University). Journal of agricultural extension and education researches, 3 (4): 85-98##Nazari-Noghabi, S.; Shaban Ali-Fami, H. and Iravani, H. (2010). The role of effective factors in quality of agricultural practical training in view point of   students at Agricultural and Natural Resource Pardis of Tehran University. Quarterly journal of research in agricultural education management, 14(4): 44-58.##Pezeshki Rad, G. and Mohtasham, H. (2003). Internal evaluation a proper approach for quality in agricultural higher education. Quarterly journal of research and planning in higher education, 29:27-45.##Rayj, E., Abyar, N. and Tarshizi, M. (2006). Study Efficiency of Short – Term Training Courses in Centers of Education Agricultural Jihad of Golestsn Province Conference of Education Agriculture, 10-11 November. The Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. Pp 485-500. (In Persian).##Rezaei, M. and Pasha, N. (2007). Performance assessment of higher education system in applied-scientific educational institutes (semester and modular system) in Tehran, Iranian higher education journal, 1, pp: 107-137.##Saadatmand, Z. (2006). Quality of education status in a context of scientific development and software movement.##Saadi, H. and Latifi, S. (2011). Pathology of agricultural education in Work- Science and Vocational-Technical Centers of Hamedan Province. Journal of Iranian economic research and agricultural development, 42 (4):669-679##Safa, L. and Shaban Ali-Fami, H. (2008). Viewpoints of agricultural students about quality of agricultural practical trainings in Agricultural And Natural Resource Pardis Of Tehran University.agricultural journal of Abu-Reyhan Pardis, 10 (1):87-100.##Seferoglu, S. (2007). Professional Teaching Standards: The Case of Turkish Teacher Candidates. Journal of World Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, No 4.##Shahbazi, A. And Alibeygi, A. H. (2006). Analysis of agricultural graduates' competencies for entering agricultural occupations in the market, Iranian journal of agricultural extension and education sciences, 2(1): 15-24.##Shahpasnd, M., Sefidiyan, A. and Meshkini, M. (2006). Study of Factors Additive and Subtractive Effect Service Training in Managers Job Capabilities in Ministry of Jahad Agriculture Conference of Education Agriculture 10-11 November 2006. The Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. Pp 376-392. (In Persian).##Sharifzadeh, M. and Malek Mohammadi, I. (1993). Causes of dropout agricultural vocational high school. BS Thesis (Agricultural Extension and Education), Tehran University. (In Persian).##Touch, V. (2000). Agricultural Education in Cambodia International Cooperation center for Agricultural Science (ICCAE). 1Agugust – 31 October 2000. Nagoya University, Japan, pp 21-25.##Wang, Y. S. (2003). Assessments of Learner Satisfaction with Asynchronous Electronic Learning Systems .Journal of Information and Management.41:.75-86.##Yordanova, K. (2007). Mobile Learning and Integration of Advanced Technologies in Education. International conference on Computer Systems and technologies. 14-15 June 2007.The University of Rouse, Bulgaria. Pp 23-1 – 23-6.##Zaaree, E. and Zolali, N. (2006). Agricultural Higher Education (Problems, Challenges and Crises). Conference of Education Agriculture 10-11 November 2006. The Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. Pp 131-150. (In Persian).##

0 بررسی استلزامات کارکردی نظام نوآوری نانو فناورانه در بخش کشاورزی ایران Investigating the functional implications of nano-technological innovation system in the agricultural sector of Iran https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61470.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61470 0 تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی استلزامات کارکردی نظام نوآوری نانوفناورانه در بخش کشاورزی ایران انجام گرفت. این تحقیق با استفاده از روش تحقیق آمیخته اکتشافی و رویکرد دوفازی اتصال داده‌های کیفی به کمی صورت پذیرفت. جامعه آماری بخش کیفی مشتمل بر اعضای اصلی کمیته فناوری نانو وزارت جهاد کشاورزی بودند که بر اساس نمونه‌گیری هدفمند با 12 نفر مصاحبه به عمل آمد و در بخش کمی مشتمل بر محققان فعال در بخش فناوری نانو در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان کشاورزی (85 نفر) و مراکز و مؤسسات تحقیقات ملی (290نفر) بودند که بر اساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان، درمجموع 235 نفر از آنها با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای متناسب به‌عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. جهت تحقق روایی و پایایی بخش کیفی تحقیق از تکنیک سه‌بعدی نگری و در بخش کمی، از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ و نظرات تخصصی کارشناسان و متخصصان موضوعی استفاده شد. بر اساس نتایج بخش کمی و کیفی تحقیق با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای Atlas.ti5.2 و SPSS، کارکردهای نهادینه و قانونمندسازی، تأمین و تسهیل منابع انسانی و مالی، هدایت و جهت‌دهی تحقیقات و نوآوری در اولویت‌های اول تا سوم استلزامات کارکردی نظام نوآوری نانوفناورانه در بخش کشاورزی قرار گرفتند. به‌منظور برازش الگوی استلزامات کارکردی نظام نوآوری نانوفناورانه در بخش کشاورزی ایران از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی استفاده گردید. کلمات کلیدی: توسعه، نظام، فناوری، کشاورزی 1 Investigating the functional implications of nano-technological innovation system in the agricultural sector of Iran Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigat the functional implications of nano-technological innovation in the agricultural sector of Iran. This research paradigm was mixed method with qualitative to quantitative data connection approach. The statistical society of the qualitative section consists key members of the nanotechnology committee of agriculture-jihad Ministry which 12 person were interviewed using purposive sampling technique and quantitative section of research consists of researchers in the nanotechnology knowledge-based agricultural companies (85 person) and researchers in national research centers/institutes (290 person) which according to the Krejcie and Morgan table, 235 person of them were selected as sample through stratified random sampling method. To achieve the reliability and validity of qualitative section of research three-dimensional vision technique were used and at the quantitative section, cronbach's alpha test and opinions of subject experts were used. Based on qualitative and quantitative research results by using Atlas.ti5.2 software and SPSS, functions of counteracting resistance to change, mobilization of resources and guidance of the search were in the first to third priorities of the functional implications of nano-technological innovation system in the agricultural sector respectively. Eventually confirmatory factor analysis was used in order to fit the implications of nano-technological innovation system in the agricultural sector of Iran. Keywords: development, system, technology, agriculture 643 959 روح اله ماقبل rohallah maghable دانشجوی دکترا دانشگاه بوعلی سیناهمدان Iran maghable@yahoo.com کریم نادری مهدیی - - دانشیار توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان Iran knadery@yahoo.com احمد یعقوبی فرانی - - دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان Iran yaghoubi@basu.ac.ir مهدی محمدی mehdi mohammadi عضو هیات علمی گروه مدیریت صنعتی دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران Iran memohammadi@ut.ac.ir Development System technology Agriculture Alphen, K. V., & Hekkert, M. P. (2009). Comparing the development and deployment of carbon capture a storage technologies in Norway, the Netherlands, Australia, Canada and the United States– An innovation system perspective, Energy Procardia, 1(1): 4591–4599.##Alphen, K. V., Ruijven, J., Sjur K., Hekkert, M. P., & Turkenburg, W. (2009). The performance of the Norwegian carbon dioxide, capture and storage innovation system, Energy Policy, 37:43-55.##Bergek, A., Jacobsson, S., Carlsson, B., Lindmark, S., & Rickne, A. (2005). Analyzing the dynamics and functionality of sectoral innovation systems, a manual, report delivered to VINNOVA. The Proceedings of the DRUID Tenth Anniversary Summer Conference, Copenhagen.##Bergek, A., Jacobsson, S., Carlsson, B., Linmark, S., & Rickne, A. (2008). Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems: A scheme of analysis, Research Policy, 37: 407-429.##Bohrnstedt, G. W. (1984). 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0 توسعه مدل رفتار برنامه ریزی شده برای تبیین قصد تولید محصولات ارگانیک بین گلخانه داران خیار شهرستان اصفهان با متغیر هنجار اخلاقی Extending the model of planned behavior to predict the intention of producing organic products among Isfahan cucumber greenhouse owners by Moral norm variable https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_61469.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.61469 0 این تحقیق قصد رفتاری گلخانه داران در زمینه تولید خیار ارگانیک را در شهر اصفهان بررسی می کند و هدف آن شناسایی عواملی است که موجب برانگیختن تولید کننده در جهت تولید محصولات ارگانیک می شود. با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری طبقه ای و با کمک فرمول کوکران 114 نفر ازگلخانه داران شهر اصفهان، به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. داده ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز در سال 1394 از طریق پیمایش های میدانی و تکمیل پرسش نامه جمع آوری شد. برای بررسی روابط علّی بین متغیرها، از مدل معادلات ساختاری و برای این منظور از تئوری رفتار برنامه ریزی شده (TPB) استفاده شد. برخی از یافته ها حاکی از آن است که متغیر نگرش در مدل TPB قادر است 37 درصد از تغییرات قصد گلخانه داران نسبت به تولید محصول ارگانیک را تبیین کند و بر اساس مدل تئوری رفتار برنامه ریزی شده توسعه یافته (ETPB) متغیرهای نگرش و هنجارهای اخلاقی قادرند 58 درصد از تغییرات قصد تولید محصولات ارگانیک را تبیین کنند. همچنین نتایج حاصل از هر دو مدل نشان داد که کنترل رفتاری درک شده (کنترل باورها) و هنجارهای ذهنی تاثیر معناداری بر پیش بینی قصد گلخانه داران نداشتند. نتیجه این مطالعه نشان می دهد هر دو تئوری پتانسیل پیش بینی کنندگی قصد گلخانه داران را دارند، اما اضافه کردن هنجارهای اخلاقی به مدل TPB بعنوان پیش بینی کننده اضافی بطور معناداری موجب افزایش قدرت پیش بینی مدل استاندارد شد. لذا طراحی برنامه های مداخله ای بر پایه ارتقاء نگرش و هنجارهای اخلاقی در گلخانه داران به منظور تشویق آنان به تولید محصولات ارگانیک توصیه می‌شود. 1 The present study investigates behavioral intention of greenhouse owners regarding organic cucumber production in Isfahan and sought to identify the factors that stimulate producers to produce organic products. Data were gathered in 1394 through field surveys from 114 greenhouse owners, by designing and filling a researcher made questionnaire using a stratified sampling method. Causal relationship between variables was investigated through structural equation modeling and theory of planned behavior (TPB). Findings revealed that Attitude in the TPB model can predict 37% of variances in intention of producing organic products by greenhouse owner and while in the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) the Attitudes and Moral norms can predict 58% of variances in intention of producing organic products. Also according to the results of both models, perceived behavioral control (control beliefs) and Subjective norms had no significant effects on predicting intention of greenhouse owner. In conclusion, results indicate that both models are suitable for investigating greenhouse owner’s intention regarding production of organic products, while adding moral norms to the TPB as an additional predictor, significantly increased the predictive power of the original model .Therefore, designing of interventional programs based on improving Attitudes and Moral norms of greenhouse owner in order to encourage them to produce organic products is recommended 961 974 عطیه صندوقی Atie Sandoghi دانشگاه تبریز Iran asandoghi@gmail.com حسین راحلی Hossein Raheli دانشگاه تبریز Iran raheli@tabrizu.ac.ir Organic Greenhouse structural equation modelling theory of planned behavior Isfahan 1-    Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior (pp. 11-39). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.##2-      Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. De Young, 509-526.##3-     Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. 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