0 بررسی رابطه فرهنگ سازمانی با نوآوری اعضای هیات علمی دانشکده‏های کشاورزی استان خوزستان Study on Relationship between Organizational Culture and Innovation of Faculty Members, Khuzestan University https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58829.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58829 0 سازمان‏ها برای بقا و تداوم نقش مثبت و سازنده خود به افکار و اندیشه‏های نو و تازه نیاز دارند تا بتوانند پویایی خود را تضمین کنند وگرنه به زوال و نابودی محکوم خواهند شد. یکی از عوامل موثر در بروز نوآوری در سازمان فرهنگ سازمانی است که می‏تواند پیش‏برنده و یا بازدارند نوآوری در سازمان باشد. در این میان، باتوجه به کارکرد اصلی دانشگاه‏ها که گسترش مرزهای دانش و تولید علم است و منشاء و شالوده علم، خلاقیت و نوآوری است؛ نوآوری در نظام آموزش عالی نسبت به سایر سازمان‏ها اهمیت و ضرورت بیش‏تری دارد. در این راستا، تحقیق حاضر با هدف کلی بررسی جایگاه فرهنگ سازمانی در نوآوری اعضای هیات علمی دانشکده‏های کشاورزی استان خوزستان انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل تمام اعضای هیات علمی دانشکده‏های کشاورزی دولتی استان خوزستان بودند (N=120) که با استفاده از سرشماری برای تمام آن‏ها پرسشنامه ارسال شد و در نهایت، 108 پرسشنامه تکمیل و عودت داده شد. ابزار اصلی تحقیق پرسشنامه‏ای بود که روایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن توسط ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تایید گردید (α>0.70). تجزیه و تحلیل داده‏ها بوسیله نرم‏افزار SPSSwin18 انجام شد. نتایج تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد که رابطه مثبت و معنی‏داری در سطح یک درصد بین تمام مولفه‏های فرهنگ سازمانی با نوآوری وجود دارد. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که مولفه‏های فرهنگ سازمانی قادر به تبیین 6/61 درصد از تغییرات واریانس متغیر وابسته تحقیق (نوآوری) می‏باشند. نتایج این مطالعه می‏تواند به مدیران و برنامه‏ریزان در جهت تدوین برنامه‏ها و راهبردهای برای افزایش نوآوری در بین اعضای هیات علمی دانشکده‏های کشاورزی کمک نماید. 1 Organizations to survive and maintaining their positive and constructive role need new thinking and ideas, to ensure their own dynamic. Otherwise they will be condemned to decay and destruction. One of the factors in incidence of innovation is the organizational culture that could be promoter or inhibitor of innovation in the organization. According to the main function of universities which is to expand frontiers of science and knowledge and foundation of science, creativity and innovation, innovativeness in higher education system is more important than other organizations. In this regard, this study aimed to explain the role of organizational culture in the innovation of faculty members in Khuzestan university system. The statistical population of this study consisted of all faculty members in Khuzestan university (N=120), and questionnaires were sent to all of them. Finally 108 of the questionnaires were completed and returned. The instrument of this study was questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by the panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient (α> 0.70). Data analysis was done by SPSSwin18 software. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between all components of organizational culture variable and level of innovation among faculty members (P<0.01). Also, regression analysis showed that about 61/1 percent of the changes in innovation of faculty members could be explained by the components of the organizational culture. The results of this study can contribute to managers and planners, in order to produce strategies and programs for increase innovation of faculty members in Agricultural Higher Education System. 1 12 یوسف حجازی yousef hejazi دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران، دکترای آموزش کشاورزی ایران yhejazi@ut.ac.ir صمد ساکی samad saki دانشجو ایران samad.saki.66@gmail.com مسلم سواری - - تهران ایران moslem_savari@yahoo.com فرهنگ سازمانی نوآوری اعضای هیات علمی دانشکده‏های کشاورزی استان خوزستان Hadizade, M. A. & Rahimzade, F. A. (2005). Organizational entrepreneurship, Tehran: Publication Janan. (In Farsi)##Abdul Rashid, Z. Sambasivan, & M. Abdul Rahman, A. (2004). The influence of organizational culture on attitudes toward organizational change. Journal of Leadership and Organization development, 25(2), 161-79.##Ahmad, A. M. Abdalla, H. S. (1999). The role of innovation in crafting the vision of the future. Engineering Management Journal, 37(24): 421- 4.##Amabile, T. M. Mueller, J. S. Simpson, W. B. Hadley, C. N. Kramer, S. J. & Fleming L. T. (2003). Pressures & creativity in organizations: A longitudinal field study, HBS Working.##Anddriopoulos, C. (2001). Determinants of organizational creativity, Management Decision. 39(10), 834-836.##Azad, N. & Arshad, E. (2009). The effect of organizational culture on perceptions of support for innovation. Surveys of Business, No 36. 26-38.##Chai, L. & Pavlou, P. A. (2004). From ‘ancient’ to ‘modern’: a cross-cultural investigation of electronic commerce adoption in Greece and the United States. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 17( 6), 416-23.##Chang, K. & Lu, L. (2007). Charactristics of organizational culture, stressors and wellbing. Journal of managerial psychology, 22(6), 549-568.##Denison, D. R. & Adkins, b. (2007). An Action Leading Approach to organizational Culture: Rethinking the Balance Between Action and Learing? In Dulworth, M. & Bordonaro F ( Eds ) from promise to payaff: the Art and Science of the learning organization. San Francisco: Jossey- Boss.##Deshpande, R. & Farley, J. U. (2004). Organizational Culture, Market Orientation, Innovativeness, and Firm Performance: An International Research Odyssey. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21, Pp: 3-22.##Fey, C. & Beamish, P. (2001). Organizational climate similarity and performance: international joint ventures in Russia. Journal of Organization Studies, September/October, pp. 1-23.##Fey, C. & Denison, D. (2003). Organizational culture and effectiveness: can American theory be applied in Russia?” journal Organization Science, 14 (6), 686-706.##Haghighi, M. A. (2001). Organizational Behavior Management, Tehran: Publication of Terme. (In Farsi)##Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values, abridged ed., Sage Publications. Newbury Park, CA.##Hosseini, M. & Sadeghi, T. (2010). Factors on creativity and innovation and provide solutions to enhance faculty members. Journal of Learning Strategies. 3(1). 1- 6.##Hult, G. T. M, Hurley, R. & Knight, G. (2004). Innovativeness: its antecedents and impacton business performance. Industrial marketing management 33, 429-438##Kalantari, Kh. (2010). Data Processing and Analysis in Socio- Economic Research. Tehran: Farhang Sabah. (In Farsi)##Kanani, Z. (2009). Investigate the relationship between organizational culture and innovation in the Introduction of Bank Sepah, MS Thesis, Faculty of Management, Tehran University. (In Farsi)##Krumbholz, M. & Maiden, N. (2000). How culture might impact on the implementation of enterprise resource planning packages. Paper presented at the Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, Stockholm, June 5-9.##Léo, F. & Bruno, C. (2010). The Impact of Organizational Culture on Innovation Management. Journal E-Leader Budapest Brazil. 23(21), 1- 43.##Maleki, S. & Asadzade, N. (2009). Investigate the relationship between creativity and effectiveness of teaching and research faculty members of Islamic Azad University (case study: city of Moghan). Journal of Management Beyond. Number 1. 25-42. (In Farsi)##Marketing strategy creativity & marketing strategy implementation effectiveness, Tourism Management, vol 24, No. 5 , pp. 551-552##Martine, E. (2009). An Organizational Culture model to promote creativity and innovation. Journal of Industrial Psychology, 2002, 28(4), 58-65.##Mclean, L. D. (2006). Organizational culture’s influence on creativity and innovation. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7 (2): 226-246.##Mirmiran, S. J. (2005). Creativity and innovation of individual, group and organizational, Tehran: Publication of Gohar. (In Farsi)##Motalebiasl, S. (2005). Investigate the relationship between organizational culture and participatory management in the Introduction of Bank Sepah, MS Thesis, Tehran University, Faculty of Management. (In Farsi)##Plessis, m. (2007). The role of Knowledge management in innovation. Journal of Knowledge management, 11(4), 20- 29.##Schraeder, Mike. Water, Thomas. Tears, Rachel S. Mark. H. Jordan ( 2005 ). Organization culture in public sector organizations. Leaership & Organization Development Journal, 26(6), 112-116.##Seyyed Naghavi, M.A & Porhpssein, A. (2010). Analysis of the relationship between feeling abilities and creative employees with organizational culture (case study of the National Oil Products Distribution Company). Journal of Management and Human Resource the oil industry, 11, 114-91.##Tashman, M & Eraily, C. (1999). Innovation platform's victory, translated by Rezaei Nejad, A , third edition, Tehran: Institute for Cultural Services Rasa. (In Farsi)##Wong, s. & Chin, K. 2007). Organizational Innovation Management: An organizational – Wid Perspective. Industrial management Data Systems, 107(9), 1290- 1315.##

0 بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر پذیرش روش‌های کشاورزی پایدار از دیدگاه گندمکاران (مورد مطالعه: روستاهای دهستان آجی چای شهرستان تبریز) Analysis of Effective Factors in Acceptance and Development of Sustainable Agricultural Methods, From the Viewpoints of Wheat Farmers https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58830.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58830 0 هدف کلی این پژوهش، بررسی مؤلفههای مختلف تأثیرگذار بر پذیرش روشهای کشاورزی پایدار از دیدگاه گندمکاران روستاهای دهستان آجی چای شهرستان تبریز است. این تحقیق با رویکرد اکتشافی بر پایه راهبرد پیمایشی به انجام رسید. جامعه آماری این تحقیق را 120 نفر از گندمکاران دهستان آجی چای شهرستان تبریز تشکیل دادند (120 (N= و حجم نمونه (103n=) بدست آمد. برای جمعآوری دادهها از روش نمونهگیری خوشهای تصادفی ساده استفاده شد. ابزار تحقیق پرسشنامه بوده است که روایی ظاهری و محتوایی آن توسط پانلی از متخصصان رشته ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی مورد بررسی، اصلاح و تایید قرار گرفت. برای تعیین پایایی ابزار تحقیق، پیش آزمون انجام شد و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 73/0 بدست آمد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادههای گردآوری شده از نرم افزار spss/Win و آزمونهایT ،F ، تحلیل همبستگی و رگرسیون بهره گرفته شد. یافتههای تحقیق نشان داد از بین مولفههای مختلفی که در این تحقیق مورد بررسی واقع گردید، دانش گندمکاران و موانع پذیرش و از بین ویژگیهای فردی و حرفهای تعداد قطعات زمینهای زراعی همبستگی معنیدار با پذیرش روشهای کشاورزی پایدار داشتند. بهطوری که از بین سه متغیر مذکور، دانش گندمکاران و موانع پذیرش در کل 34 درصد از متغیر وابسته تحقیق (پذیرش روشهای کشاورزی پایدار) را تبیین نمودند. 1 This study investigated various factors affecting the acceptance of sustainable agricultural methods from the viewpoint of Wheat farmers of Tabriz province. This study is the kind of descriptive - correlation. Statistical population included the Wheat farmers of Ajay Chay Village of Tabriz province (N=120). 80 people were selected by cluster sampling technique as a simple random sample (n=80). Research instrument was a questionnaire that the face and content validity were surveyed, corrected and confirmed by a panel of extension and education of agriculture experts. To determine the reliability of the instrument, pre- test was performed and cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained 0/73. The findings indicate that among the various components evaluated this study, the Wheat farmers knowledge and the acceptance barriers between individual and professional characteristics of Wheat farmers have the meaningful correlation of land parts with the acceptance of sustainable agricultural methods. So, among the above three variables, knowledge barriers and Wheat farmers explain 34 percent of sustainable agricultural methods acceptance. 13 21 ناصر سیدیعقوبی naser seyedyaghoubi کارمند شورای اسلامی استان آذربایجان شرقی ایران naserseyedyaghoubi52@yahoo.com حسن صدیقی Hasan Sadighi دانشیار دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ایران sadighih@maininator.ac.ir کشاورزی پایدار پذیرش شهرستان تبریز Absher, W. (2000). Current Challenges for Agricultural Development. (On-Line). Retrieved from: http://www.Uky.Edu/Agriculture/Agprograms/main/pretty1b.dtml##Alonge, A., & Mrtin, R. A. (1995). Assessment of the Adoption of sustainable agriculture practices: implications for agricultural education. Journal of Agricultural Education, 3(3): 34-42##Bewsell, D., & Kaine, G. (2004). Understanding the impact of context: a new approach to understanding the adoption of improved pest and disease management practices. Proceeding of the 20 th Annual Conference, Dublin, Ireland: 682-693.##Drost, D., Long, G. ,Wilson. D, Bruce, M., & Campbell, W. (1996). Barriers to Adopting Sustainable practices. Journal of extension, 34. Retrieved from: http://www.joe.org/1996december/al.html##Gamon, J., Harrold, N., & Creswell, J. (1994). Educational delivery methods to encourage adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Journal of Agricultural Education, 35(1): 38-42##Golmohammadi, F. & Mirdamadee, S. (2008). The evaluating of factors needed to achieve sustainable agricultural development in Iran: situation, problems and solutions. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 13(2).##Hasanzadeh, A. & Izadee Jeyran, A. (2010). The evaluating of social standing of sustainable development among rural communities of sustainable agriculture in temperate regions, 17.##Ikerd, J. (2001). Sustainable Agriculture: Its About People. Retrieved from: http://www.ssu.missouri.edu/faculty/jikerd/papers/SusAgpeople.htm.##King, R., N. & Rollins, T. (1995). Factors Influencing the Adoption of a Nitrogen Testing Program. Journal of Extension, 33(4). ##10. Kouchaki, A. & Khiabani, J. (1993). Principle of agricultural ecology. Mashhad: Jahad Daneshgahi Publishing. (In Farsi).##11. Kouchaki, A. (1995). Agriculture and Sustainable development. Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics, )3(. (In Farsi).##12. Kouchaki, A., Hoseini, M ., & Hashemi Dezfooli, A. (1996). Sustainable agricultural, Mashhad: University Jihad Press, no1. (In Farsi).##13. Oerlemans, N., & Assouline G. (2004). Enhancing farmers’ networking strategies for sustainable development1. Journal of Cleaner Production, (12), 469–478.##14. Sadighi, H. & Abolfazl, B. (2010). Evaluating the acceptance behavior of sustainable agricultural methods by extensional from Qazvin Province. Economic Magazine and Agricultural Development of Iran, 2-41(3), 405-412. (In Farsi).##15. Sadighi, H. & Kourosh, R. (2003). The evaluating of influencing factors on sustainable agricultural knowledge of privileged corn growers from Fars Province. Agricultural Sciences Magazine of Iran. 34(4).(In Farsi).##16. Souza Filho, De H. M., Young, T. & Burton, M. P. (1999). Factors influencing the adoption of sustainable agricultural technologies: evidence from the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Technological Forecasting and social Change, 60, 97-112.##

0 بررسی ساختار تولید و بازدهی نسبت به مقیاس محصول کلزا در ایران Investigating on the structure and Return to scale of Rapeseed products in Iran https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58831.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58831 0 بیش از نود درصد از مصرف داخلی روغن های خوراکی کشور همانند کلزا از طریق واردات تاُمین می‌شود. به این لحاظ لزوم برنامه ریزی بلند مدت و منسجم با هدف نیل به خودکفایی در تولید روغن های خوراکی مانند کلزا غیر قابل انکار خواهد بود. در این تحقیق بازدهی نسبت به مقیاس گیاه کلزا و همچنین کشش جاشینی و کشش قیمتی تقاضا ی نهاده ها نیز بررسی میشود. به این منظور تابع هزینه ترانسلوگ برای این محصول با استفاده از اطلاعات مقطعی سال88- 1387برآورد شده و متغیرهای ساختاری محاسبه شده اند. نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که خصوصیت ساختاری بازدهی به مقیاس در محصول کلزای ایران به صورت صعودی وجود دارد، به این معنی است که با افزایش وسعت مزارع کلزا، هزینه های تولید کاهش می‌یابد به بیانی دیگر، با افزایش میزان محصول، هزینه متوسط کمتر شده و بدین ترتیب، واحدهای زراعی بزرگتر در مقایسه با واحدهای زراعی کوچکتر، از لحاظ هزینه و کارائی در امر تولید، از مزیت نسبی برخوردار می باشند، لذا سیاست کارا برای مزارع کلزا، می‌تواند بزرگ‌تر کردن مقیاس تولیدی به منظور کاهش هزینه‌های تولید ‌باشد 1 More than ninety percent of the domestic consumption of edible oils such as Rapeseed is provided by import.So planning for long-term and consistent with the objective of achieving self-sufficiency in the production of edible oils such as Rapeseed would be undeniable. In this study, returns to scale of rapeseed products and substitutions and price elasticity of demand for inputs are also investigated. The translog cost function for this product whit using the sectional information has estimated and structural parameters are calculated. The results show that there is structural characteristic of returns to scale in a product of Rapeseed in Iran, This means that with increasing size of farms of rapeseed, production costs will decrease. Thus, the larger farming units in comparison with smaller agricultural units have advantages in terms of cost and efficiency in the production 23 33 فرشته اسداله پور fereshte assadollahpoor دانشجو- دانشگاه تبریز ایران fereshteassa@yahoo.com سعید یزدانی saed yazdani استاد دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه د انشگاه تهران ایران syazdani@ut.ac.ir علی رضا روستان alireza roostan فارغ التحصیل ایران aliroostan@yahoo.com فرحناز نکوفر - - کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی ایران nekofar@mailinator.com بازدهی نسبت به مقیاس کشش جانشینی کشش قیمتی تقاضای نهاده ها کلزا Ansari,V.,& Salami, H. (2007). Economies of scale in Iran's shrimp industry. 6th Biennial conference of Iranian agricultural economics, February 2007: Mashhad, 3, 169-182. In Farsi##Binswanger, H.P. (1974). A cost function approach to the measurement of elasticitiess of factor demand and elastiecities od substitution .American Journal of agricultural economics, 377-386##Boussemart, J.P., Briec,W., Peypoch, N., & Tavera, C.(2009). A-Returns to scale and multi-output production technologies. European Journal of Operational Research 197, P. 332–339.##Boussemart J.P., Butault J.P. & Matvejev E. (2006).Economies of scale and optimal farm size in the Estonian dairy sector. Causes and Impacts of Agricultural Structures, S. Mann (Ed.) 183-200##Christensen, L.R., & Green, E.H. (1976). Economics of scale in U.S. electric power generation. Journal of Political Economy, 84(4). ##Esalmi. A., & Mahmoudi, A. (2005). Efficiency estimation and return to scale of Pomegranate, special issue of productivity and efficiency. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development planning and Agricultural Economics Research Institute. 402(2) In Farsi##Filipini, M., Hrovatin, N. & Zoric, J.. (2007). Cost efficiency and economies of scale of Slovenian water distribution utllities: an application of panel data stochastic frontier methods, Journal of productivity, 29)2(, 169-182.##Jahani, M., & Asghari, A. (2005). Mathematical Structure of Wheat Cost Function in Arasbaran Area. Journal of agricultural sciences, 85(2). In Farsi##Kim, S.Y., (1992), The Translog Production Function and Variable Returns to Scale, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 74)3(, 546-552.##Rahimi Sure. S., & Sadeghi, H. (2004). Factors affecting the efficiency and economies of scale in parametric and non-parametric approaches (Case Study: Range projects in Iran). Journal of Economic Research, no 67. In Farsi##Rasmussen, S. (2000), Technological change and economies of Scale in Danish Agriculture, Unit of Economics Working Papers.##Ray, S.C .(1982). A translog cost function analysis of U.S agriculture,1939-77. American Agriculture Economics Association. 490-497.##Sato, R., & Koizumi, T., (1973). The production function and the theory of distributive shares, The American Economic Review, 63)3(, 484-489.##Samuelson, P. (1947). Foundation of Economic Analysis, (Eds. 4). Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University##Sen, A.K., (1962), An Aspect of Indian Agriculture, TheEconomic Weekly, 14 (46): 24346.–(1964):##Sharzei, GH. Rasti fard. M. (2001), Economical of scale and cost products of rice : in Gilan province, Science of Agriculture and Natural Resource, 6(2), 45-56. In Farsi##Thapa, S., (2007). The relationship between farm size and productivity: empirical evidence from the Nepalese mid-hills. The American Economic Review, 63(3), 484-489.##Yazdani, S., & Shahbazi, H. (2009). The scale efficiency in grape gardens of Qazvin: a case study area. Journal of Agricultural Economics, No. 4, 51-37. In Farsi##Yazdan panahi. M., & Najafi, B. (2005). The optimal size of farms producing milk in the province, Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, Special productivity and efficiency, 149-163.##

0 شناسایی دیدگاه کشاورزان در مورد عوامل پیش‌برنده توسعه‌یافتگی روستایی در استان لرستان Factors affecting rural development in Lorestan Province: Farmer's Viewpoints https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58832.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58832 0 توسعه‌ روستایی در کنار سایر حوزه‌های مطالعاتی علوم اجتماعی، اقتصادی، زیست- محیطی و غیره چالش‌های متنوعی را پشت سر گذاشته است. هدف این مقاله بررسی عوامل پیش‌برنده توسعه‌یافتگی روستایی در ابعاد اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زیست محیطی، زیرساختی و آموزشی از دیدگاه کشاورزان استان لرستان می‌باشد. تحقیق حاضر از نوع کاربردی است که به روش پیمایشی انجام گرفته و داده‏های مورد نیاز از طریق پرسشنامه جمع‏آوری شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق را کشاورزان استان لرستان تشکیل دادند که از بین آن‏ها از طریق فرمول کوکران تعداد 200 کشاورز به عنوان نمونه با بهره‏گیری از روش نمونه‏گیری چند مرحله‏ای انتخاب شدند. روایی پرسشنامه توسط تعدادی از متخصصان موضوعی مورد تایید قرار گرفت. جهت پایایی پرسشنامه از آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد که ضریب آلفای محاسبه شده 715/0 به دست آمد. برای تجزیه تحلیل داده‏ها از نرم افزار SPSS استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که مهم‏ترین عامل پیش‏برنده از دیدگاه کشاورزان عامل اقتصادی و کمترین عامل تأثیر گذار عامل زیرساختی بوده است. 1 Rural development, and its related fields of study such as social sciences, economics, and environment, had various challenges. This paper aims to identify effective factors on rural development as perceived by farmers in Lorestan Province. These factors are: economic, social, environmental, infrastructure and education. Statistical population of the study consisted farmers in Lorestan Province, in which 200 farmers were selected (Cochran's Formula), using multi-stage sampling method. In this study the survey method was conducted and the data were collected using a questionnaire; which its validity and reliability was confirmed by a number of experts in rural development and Cronbach's alpha (α=0.715: factors influencing development of rural areas), respectively. Data were alanyzed using SPSS software. Results showed that the most important factor driving the farmers to be developed is economic. However, infrastructure was scored lowest on rural development by farmers. 35 45 ابراهیم مهدوی - - دانشگاه تهران ایران mahdavi1389@gmail.com هوشنگ ایروانی - - استاد توسعه دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران ایران iravani@mailintor.com ژیلا دانشور عامری - - دانشیار دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران ایران daneshvar@mailinator.com کلمات کلیدی: توسعه توسعه یافتگی روستا استان لرستان Ahmad, K. Q. (2006). Emerging issues concerning rural development and poverty alleviation in the Asia-Pacific region and the role of CIRDAP. pp. 43-61. In: Paudyal, P. D. (ed.) Current Status and Future Directions of Rural Development: CIRDAP Perspectives. Dhaka: Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific.##Azkia, M. & Ghaffari, Gh. (2005). Sociology of development, Tehran, Publishing Keyhan, Fifth Printing, pp 44, 45, 48, 50 . (In Farsi)##Barrios, B. E. (2008),. Infrastructure and rural development: household perceptions on rural development. Progress in Planning. 70(1): 1–44.##Brundtland Commission. (2005). Our Common Future. UK: Oxford University Press. P 10##Drasticl, Ph.(2003). Evaluation common rural relevance new approach in the disquisitions and design correlation for the plans and approach develop, interpret: Mardani Beldagi,E. ministry of jahad-e- sazandegi,p 48.##Fealy, S. & et al,(2010). Impediments Iran rural societies for arrive of development, Journal of Rural and Development, 13(4), pp 97-128. (In Farsi).##Kalantari, K. (2010). Data processing and Analysis in Socio-Economic Research use with spss, fourth Printing, Tehran: Farhang-e-Saba, p 286. (In Farsi).##Kirubi, M. (2006). Rural poverty, decentralization and development. business school Business school, Nanjing normal university.p14##Madu, A. I. (2007). Case study: the underlying factors of rural development patterns in the Nsukka region of southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Rural and Community Development. 2(2): 110-122.##Management and planning organization (2006). Complex develop national document, second##Midgley, J. (1995). Social Development: The Developmental Perspective in Social Welfare. London: SAGE,. P14##Ministry of Jahad-e- Sazandegi. (2000). Abstract plan spaces organized and rural centers, undersecretary rural. P 26. (In Farsi).##Mokhtari-e-Hesari, A. & Zeraee-e-Dastgerdi, Z.(2007). Survey Impediment rural development of Iran planning perspective. Journal of Agricultural System Engineer and Natural Resources. 5(18), p33. (In Farsi).##Najafi, Gh. & Zahedi, Sh.(2005). Stability Problem in the Agricultural of Iran, Journal Iran Sociology. 6 (2). Tehran, society Sociology of Iran, pp 88-92. (In Farsi).##Osterwalder, A. (2003), ICT in Developing Countries. Lausana: University of Lausana.##Pears, R. (2007) location, development, industry. Oxfords- Blackwell. pp, 48-53 27.##Rahmani-e- Fazli, A. & Bouzari, S. (2009). Arrive rural relevance with emphasis in media##Rivera, M. W. & Qamar, K. M. (2003). Agricultural Extension, Rural Development and the Food Security Challenge. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.##Rotate role (Case Study: Villages Qazvin Province), Journal of Geography and Develop, pp 101-120. (In Farsi)##Seydani, S.A. & Dehghani, A. (2010). Commons humanity role in rural development with emphasis new common and traditional (Case Study: zone central township Nourabad-e- Mamaseni usage Sociology, 21(1), pp1-18. (In Farsi)##Wrapper, Tehran, Publishing management and planning organization, pp 179-180. (In Farsi)##Yodghar, A. (2004). Solstice Process and Impediment rural development in Iran, Journal Researches Geography. Number 48, pp 71-90. (In Farsi).##Zamanipour, A. (2000). Agricultural extensive in develop process, Mashhad, Publishing Teyho, p 51. (In Farsi)##Zanjani, H. (2011). Key ingredient in rural development society perspective, Journal of Rural and Development, 13(4), pp 2-4. (In Farsi)##

0 شناسایی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر وصول مطالبات بانک کشاورزی در شهرستان مراغه: کاربرد مدل لاجیت ترتیبی Identification of Factors Affecting Agricultural Credits Repayment in Maragheh County: An Application of Ordered Logit Model https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58833.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58833 0 یکی از مسایل مهم در خصوص اعطای تسهیلات بانکی احتمال عدم بازپرداخت وام توسط وام‌گیرندگان است. در این زمینه عوامل متعددی می‌توانند دخیل باشند که به منظور کنترل و کاهش ریسک موجود لازم است تا این عوامل شناسایی شده و راهکارهای اجرایی مناسب برای بهبود وصول مطالبات معوقه ارایه گردد. در این راستا، تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی عوامل موثر بر بهبود وصول مطالبات بانک کشاورزی در شهرستان مراغه استان آذربایجان شرقی اجرا شد. داده‌های تحقیق به روش نمونهگیری طبقهای متناسب و از طریق بررسی پرونده 779 نفر به عنوان نمونه از کشاورزان وام‌گیرنده با اعتبارات خرد از نوع تسهیلات فروش اقساطی طی سال‌های 87- 1383 جمع‌آوری گردید. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از الگوی لاجیت ترتیبی بهره‌گیری شد. برآورد مدل لاجیت ترتیبی نشان داد که داشتن فعالیتی غیر از کشاورزی، تمدید مدت بازپرداخت وام و بالا بودن مبلغ وام دریافتی عواملی هستند که بر بازپرداخت وام تأثیر منفی گذاشته‌اند. لذا به منظور تقویت احتمال وصول مطالبات، تمدید مدت بازپرداخت وام توصیه نمیگردد. در حالی که عواملی همچون بالا بودن تعداد اقساط و زیاد بودن فاصله پرداخت اقساط جزو عواملی هستند که احتمال بازپرداخت وام را افزایش می‌دهند. بانک‌ها می‌توانند با تعیین فاصله زمانی مناسبی برای بازپرداخت اقساط احتمال وصول مطالبات را بهبود بخشند. 1 One of the important problems concerning the lending loans is the probability to nonpayment by borrowers. Several factors could be involved in this field which is necessary in order to control and reduce the existing risk. These factors should be identified and strategies for improving the delayed facilities implemented. This study aimed to examine factors affecting improvement of repayment in Agricultural Bank in the city of Maragheh in East Azarbaijan province of Iran. The required data were obtained by examining a sample of 779 individual farmers who had received credits from Agricultural Bank in Maragheh city during the period 2004-2008. Ordered Logit Model was utilized for analyzing the data. Results showed that having an activity besides farming, extending the repayment of loan and high amount of received loan are the factors that have negative and significant impacts on loan repayment. While, factors including high number of installments and long intervals for repayment increase significantly the probability of loan repayment. Therefore, it is suggested that agricultural banks use optimum intervals for repayment and not to extend the due for repayments in order to improve the probability of loan repayments. 47 55 محمد قهرمان زاده Mohammad Ghahremanzadeh هیات علمی ایران ghahremanzadeh@tabrizu.ac.ir اسماعیل پیش بهار - - دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز ایران pishbahar@yahoo.com محرم عین اللهی - - دانشجوی دکتری گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز ایران mainollahi@yahoo.com رویا فردوسی - - دانشجوی دکتری گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز ایران roya.ferdosi@yahoo.com الگوی لاجیت ترتیبی وصول مطالبات وام بانک کشاورزی شهرستان مراغه 1. AgriBank, (2010). Report on Credit Repayment of Agricultural Bank During 2004-2008, Statistical Center of Agricultural Bank Management in East Azerbaijan Province. (In Farsi).##2. Arabmazar, A. & Rouyintan, P. (2006). Factors Affecting the Credit Risk of Bank Customers (A Case Study on Agricultural Bank), Journal of Economic Literature, 80:3-45. (In Farsi).##3. Bagheri, M. & Najafi, B. (2004). Factors Affecting Repayment of Agricultural Credits (A Case Study in Fars Province). Quarterly of Economic Research of Iran, 19:115-97. (In Farsi).##4. Ben-Akiva, M. E., & Lerman, S. R. (1985). Discrete Choice Analysis: Theory and Application to Travel Demand. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.##5. Bernanke, B. S. & M. Gertler. (1995). Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4): 27-48.##6. Brant, R. (1990). Assessing Proportionality in the Proportional Odds Model for Ordered Logistic Regression. Biometrics, 46, pp. 1171–1178.##7. Cochran, W.G. (1977). Sampling Techniques. Third edition, John Wiles & Sons.##8. Ewuola, S. O. & Williams, S. K. T. (1995). Effects of Institutional and Borrower Characteristics on Loan Recovery: A Study of Ondo State Agricultural Credit Corporation, Agro. Search. 1(2):109–116.##9. Ghalibafasl, H. (2010). Implementing Governance Guidelines and the Three Major Instructions for Bourse in Year 2010. Retrieved from: http://www.farsnews.com/printable.php?nn=8812030118. (In Farsi).##10. Greene, W. H. (2010). Econometric Analysis. Prentice Hall International Editions. New York University.##11. Habibi, S. (2002). An Investigation on Factors Affecting Duly Repayment of Agricultural Credits, Internal Report of Iranian Banking Institute. (In Farsi).##12. Hausman, J. A. & McFadden, D. (1984). Specification Tests for the Multinomial Logit Model. Econometrica, 52(5):1219-1240.##13. Irannejad, J. (1996). Investment and Credits in Agricultural Sector of Iran. Agricultural Economics and Planning Research Institute, Tehran. (In Farsi).##14. Jaberi, I. (1993). Crop Insurance and Bank Credit, Journal of Banking and Agriculture, 36:19-13. (In Farsi).##15. Koupahi, M. & Bakhshi, M. R. (2002). Factors Affecting the Performance of Agricultural Credit Repayment: the Application of Discrimination Analysis, the City of Birjand, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 33: 19-11. (In Farsi)##16. Lekshemi, S., P. Rugminiand & T. Jesy. (1998). Characteristics of Defaulters in Agricultural Credit Use: A Micro Level Analysis with Reference to Kerela, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 52(4): 640-647.##17. Liao, T. F. (1994). Interpreting Probability Models: Logit, Probit and other Generalized Linear Models. In: Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, Vol. 07-101. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage, California.##18. Maddala, G. S. (1983). Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.##19. Matin, L. (1997). Repayment Performance of Grameen Bank Borrowers: the Unzipped State, Saving and Development, 22(4):451-473.##20. McFadden, D. (1974). Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behaviour. Frontiers in Econometrics, Zarembka, P. (Ed.) New York: Academic Press, 105-142.##21. Oladeebo, J. O. & Oladeebo, O. E. (2008). Determinants of Loan Repayment among Smallholder Farmers in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone of Oyo State, Nigerian Journal of Social Science, 17(1): 59-62.##22. Olagunju, F. I. & Adeyemo, R. (2007). Determinants of Repayment Decision among Smallholder Farmers in Southwestern Nigeria, Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 4(5): 677-686.##23. Pai, C. W. & Saleh, W. (2008). Modeling Motorcyclist Injury Severity by Various Crash Types at T-Junctions in the UK. Safety Science, 46:1234–1247.##24. Shaditalab, J. (1993). Problems of Agricultural Credit System in Iran (non-repayment), Proceedings of the Second Symposium on the Agricultural Economics of Iran, Shiraz University, pp. 237-261. (In Farsi).##25. Shahnoushi, N., Daneshvar, M., Firouzzare, A., Zhalerajabi, M. & Dehghanian, S. (2011). Application of Logit Model to Investigate the Factors Affecting Food Waste (A Case Study in Mashhad). Journal of Economic Research: 96, 110-89. (In Farsi)##26. Sharifi R. H., Ranjbar, H. & Fouladi, E. (2011). Factors Affecting Repayment of Agricultural Facilities: A Case Study of the Agricultural Bank of Isfahan Province. Agricultural Economics and Development: 74, 100-77. (In Farsi).##Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Second edition, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.##

0 عوامل بازدارنده گسترش بیمه گندم در شهرستان اسدآباد Wheat insurance development barriers in Asadabad county https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58828.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58828 0 تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی موانع گسترش بیمه گندم در شهرستان اسدآباد اجرا شد. این تحقیق از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و به لحاظ روش گردآوری دادهها توصیفی- همبستگی است. ابزار گردآوری دادهها پرسشنامهای محقق ساخته است که ضریب پایایی آن 86/0 برآورد شد. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل 3350 کشاورز گندمکار در سال زراعی 90-89 بود که 318 نفر از آن ها برای نمونه از طریق نمونه گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل دادههای به دست آمده در دو بخش توصیفی و استنباطی و از طریق نرم افزار SPSS انجام پذیرفت. در این تحقیق ویژگیهای فردی، حرفهای، اجرایی و نهادی تأثیر گذار بر فرایند بیمه مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفت. آمار استنباطی مبتنی بر تحلیل عاملی، منتج به استخراج یازده عامل تاثیرگذار گردید. عوامل موثر به ترتیب اولویت عبارتند از: ضعفهای اجرایی، ضعف محیطی وابسته به اراضی، موانع فردی-دانشی، ناهماهنگی نهادی، کمبود نیروی انسانی-اطلاع رسانی، ضعف-های اداری-کارشناسی، ضعفهای ارزیابی-تدارکاتی، مشکلات مرتبط با پیگیری خسارت، نارضایتی، هزینههای بیمه و برآورد غیر اصولی خسارت. مجموع یازده عامل استخراج شده معادل 17/53 درصد عوامل موثر را تبیین نمودند. 1 The main purpose of this study was to analyze barriers affecting development of wheat insurance in Asadabad County. This study was an applied research that based on correlation-descriptive methodology. Data were collected by using questionnaire, which its estimated Cranach’s Alpha was 0.86. Statistical population of the study consisted all wheat farmers of Asadabad County during 2010-2011 farming year, in which 318 wheat farmer were selected by random sampling method. Data analysis was conducted in two sections: descriptive and inferential analysis, using SPSS software. In this research, personal, professional, administrative, and institutional characteristics affecting on insurance process were analyzed. Data analysis showed 11 effective factors, including: administrative weakness, land-related problems, personal-knowledge barriers, institutional uncoordination, lack of human resources and information, management procurement problems associated with tracking compensation discontent, un-satisfy and the expense of insurance and wrong way of compensation assessment. These factors explained 53.17 percentages of total variances of barriers. 57 66 مرتضی ماجدی morteza majedi کارشناس سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان همدان ایران majedi.morteza@gmail.com کریم نادری مهدیی - - استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا ایران knadery@yahoo.com حشمت اله سعدی - - دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا ایران hsaadi48@yahoo.com بیمه گندم توسعه کشاورزی موانع اجرایی شهرستان اسدآباد 1- Avtryl, Jean-Francois. (2002). Theoretical and practical aspects of insurance. Translated by Abdul Ali Hemmati and peasants. Central Insurance of Iran, Tehran. (In Farsi)##2- Bakker, E.J.(1990). Demand for rainfall insurance in semi-arid tropics in India, Progress, Report of Economic Group, Resources Management Program“.101:51##3- Delavar, A. (2001). theoretical and practical research in the humanities. Tehran: Publication editing. (In Farsi)##4- Daryjany, A; Ghorbani, M. (1998) Factors affecting the adoption of crop insurance in the province. Proceedings of the Conference of Agricultural Economics. Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University. Page 159-145. (In Farsi)##5- Delavar, A. (2001) theoretical and practical research in the humanities. Tehran: Publication editing.##6- Ertyaee, F. and Chyzari, M. (2006) Evaluation of agricultural extension experts about the insurance. Quarterly Farm Insurance and, third, No. 10, pp. 79-54.(In Farsi)##7- Garrido, A. and Zilberman, D. (2008) Revisiting the demand for agricultural insurance: the case of Spain. Journal of Agricultural Finance Review. (68):43 – 66. ##8- Gholamrezaiee, S. and Moradian, M. (2000) The problems of promoting a culture of cover crops in Iran. Proceedings of the National Conference of officials and experts in agricultural insurance, agricultural Bank Training Center (BABOLSAR), pp. 132-100. (In Farsi)##9- Goodwin, B.K. and Smit, V.H. (1995) The Econimics of crop insurance and Disaster Aid, the AEI Press, Washington,P.C.##10- Hardaker, J.B.; Huirne, R.B.M.; Anderson, J.R. and Lien, G. (2004) Coping with Risk in Agriculture. CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International. Available at: http://www. cabi-publishing.org.##11- Iravani, H. and darbanastaneh, A. (2001) Factors affecting the adoption of wheat insurance in Tehran. Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University. (In Farsi)##12- Iravani, H., Kalantari, KH; Movahedmohamadi, SH (2006) Factors affecting the adoption of wheat insurance Tafresh city. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2-37, Issue 1, pp. 144-137. (In Farsi)##13- Karami, E. and Najafi, B. .(1996). Research design - index of agricultural extension". Studies and methods - extension, publisher of Tat, Tehran. (In Farsi)##14- Karami, E. Zamani, G. and Keshvarz, M. (2008). The determinants of ‌ Continue Crop Insurance. Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics, year XVI, No. 62, pp. 81-35. (In Farsi)##15- Karbasi, A and Kambozia, N. (2003). Factors affecting demand for agricultural insurance in Sistan and Baluchistan. Agricultural Economics and Development, Year XI, No. 41 and 42, pages 184-167. (In Farsi)##16- Mahmoudi, M, Farhadian, H. and Norozi, A. (2004). Strategy and its role in reducing risk of crop insurance, agricultural activities. Journal of Agricultural Insurance and the numbers 3-4. (In Farsi)##17- Mishra, P. K. (1999). Planning for the development and operation of agricultural insurance schemes in Asia. Report of the Apo Seminar on Agriculture Insurance Held in Manila, Philippines, 27-40.##18- Okorie,A. .(1989). Instituting agricultural insurance schemes in Nigeria: a mirage or reality. African Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 15(182):51-67.##19- Rahmani, M. (2000). process and its role in the development of agricultural insurance coverage information ‌ along with monitoring and evaluation. Agricultural Insurance Conference, ‌ venture capital development and security, the Agricultural Bank of Iran, Tehran, pp. 181-170. (In Farsi)##20- Ray, P.K.; Nimon (1967). Agricultural Insurance,Principles and organization and application to developing countries. FAO, Rome, Peramon Press:12-13.##21- Rostami, F.; Sha'banali Fami H., Iravani, H. and Movahedmohamady, H. (2007). Factors Affecting the Adoption Case Study of Wheat Farmers Insurance Harsin Kermanshah city. Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics, year XV, No. 60, pp. 21-1. (In Farsi)##22- Sadjadi, F. (2000). Practical Ways ‌ agricultural insurance culture. Proceedings of the National Conference of officials and experts in agricultural insurance, agricultural Bank Training Center (BABOLSAR), pp. 191-182. (In Farsi)##23- Serao, J.R. (1986). Rate-Making and Farm Level Crop Insurance. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 68:653-659.##24- Serra, T.; Goodwin, B. and Featherstone, A. (2003). Modeling changes in the U.S. Demand for crop insurance During the 1990s. American Agricultural Economics Association .##25- Smith, V. and Boqute, A. E. (1996). The demand for multiple peril crop insurance, evidence from Montana wheat farmers. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 78:189-509.##26- Torkamany, J. (1999) Performance Evaluation of Crop Insurance. Proceedings of the wheat economy, from production to consumption. Program Planning and Research Institute of Agricultural Economics Publications, Tehran. Page 216-193. (In Farsi)##27- Torkamany, J. (2005). Assessing the role of insurance in reducing income inequality, exploitation and factors affecting demand for agricultural insurance: A Case Study. Journal of agricultural insurance, issue 5-6, pp. 17-37. (In Farsi)##28- Tyraee yari, N. (2002). Personality Factors affecting the adoption of modernism design by using ‌ insured farmers agricultural province. A graduate of Agricultural Extension and Education Department, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran University. (In Farsi)##29- Walker, T.S. and Jodha N.S. (1986). How small farm households, adapt to risk. Issus and Experience, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.##Zoleykhaee sayyar, L and Naderi mahdeyi, K. (2011). Performance evaluation of crop insurance in the province. Proceedings of the National Conference on sustainable rural development with emphasis on agriculture. University Bu. Hamedan 1390.(In Farsi)##

0 بررسی موانع توسعه بنگاه‌های کوچک و متوسط اقتصادی زودبازده و کارآفرین کشاورزی در استان زنجان Study on Development Barriers of Agricultural Early Return and Entrepreneurship Small and Medium Enterprises in Zanjan Province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58834.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58834 0 تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی موانع توسعه بنگاههای کوچک و متوسط اقتصادی زودبازده و کارآفرین کشاورزی در استان زنجان انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری این تحقیق تمامی مدیران و صاحبان این بنگاهها در سطح استان زنجان بودند (354N=) که یک نمونه 220 نفری از آنها با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری طبقهای با انتساب متناسب (شهرستانهای مورد مطالعه به عنوان طبقات) انتخاب شد. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود. روایی پرسشنامه با نظر پانلی از کارشناسان و پژوهشگران در زمینه موضوع مورد پژوهش مورد تایید قرار گرفت. برای تعیین پایایی ابزار تحقیق پیش‌آزمون انجام گرفت که مقدار آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شده برای مقیاس اصلی پرسشنامه 76/0 بود. نتایج به دست آمده از تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که شش عامل سیاسی- زیرساختی (با واریانس 28/17 درصد)، قانونی (با واریانس 79/13 درصد)، مالی- هزینهای (با واریانس 35/12 درصد)، مهارتی- آموزشی (با واریانس 78/10 درصد)، فنی- جغرافیایی (با واریانس 35/8 درصد) و ارتباطی- اطلاعرسانی (با واریانس 14/5 درصد)، در مجموع 69/67 درصد از واریانس کل موانع توسعه بنگاههای کوچک و متوسط کشاورزی در استان زنجان را تبیین کردند. 1 The purpose of this survey was to study the barriers on development of agricultural early return and entrepreneurship Small and Medium Enterprises in Zanjan province. The statistical population of the study consisted of all owners and managers of the enterprises in province of Zanjan (N= 354). A sample size of 220 was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected by a researcher- made questionnaire. A panel of experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted to establish the reliability of the instrument. Cronbach’s alpha Coefficient for the main scale of the questionnaire was equal to 0.76. The results of factor analysis showed that six factors including: political-infrastructural (with 17.28 % of variance), legal (with 13.79 % of variance), financial- cost (with 12.35 % of variance), skill- educational (with 10.78 % of variance), technical- geographical (with 8.35 % variance) and communicative- informing (with 5.14 % of variance) explained 67.69% of total variances of barriers on development of the enterprises in Zanjan province. 67 79 روح اله رضائی Roholla Rezaei دانشگاه زنجان ایران r_rezaei@znu.ac.ir لیلا صفا - - دانشگاه زنجان ایران safa@znu.ac.ir بنگاه‌های کوچک و متوسط کسب و کارهای کارآفرین کشاورزی موانع توسعه Ali- Mirzaei, E., Asadi, A. & Tahmasebi, M. (2012). Barriers to the development of rural entrepreneurship small and medium enterprises in Khuzestan Province (Case study: Dates supplementary industry). Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 4 (12), 165- 184. (In Farsi)##Alsadat Aghili, F., Tayebi, K., Zamani, Z. & Ebrahimi, N. (2013). Effect of entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprises on employment: Evidences from developing countries. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 5 (2), 145- 164. (In Farsi)##Amid, A. & Ghamkhari, M. (2010). The effect of information technology on the development of export of small and medium industries in Iran. Journal of Landscape Management, 32, 183- 202. (In Farsi)##Amin Bidokhti, A. & Zargar, M. (2012a). Pathology of small and medium enterprises and expression of practical strategies to support them (Case study: Semnan Province). Journal of Management and Development, 78, 156- 125. (In Farsi)##Amin Bidokhti, A. & Zargar, M. (2012b). Barriers to the development of small and medium enterprises and provide a framework to support the enterprises. Labor and Society Magazine, 38, 34- 48. (In Farsi)##Azar, A. & Gheitasi, F. (2010). Allocation indices of funds for small enterprise and early return. Labor and Society Magazine, 106, 7- 15. (In Farsi)##Babkin, A., Kudryavtseva, T. & Utkina, S. (2013). Formation of industrial clusters using method of virtual enterprises. Procedia Economics and Finance, 5: 68- 72.##Bartlett, J.E., Kotrlik, J.W., & Higgins, C.C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriation sample size in survey research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19 (1), 43- 50.##Bartlett, W. & Bukvič, V. (2001). Barriers to SME growth in Slovenia. MOCT-MOST, 11, 177-195.##10. Blossom, C., Aslam, N. & Said, A. (2014). Challenges and barriers encountered by the SMEs owners in Muscat. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research, 2 (3), 1- 13.##11. Edraki, M. (2009). Bank of Iranian small and medium enterprises. Journal of Technology Growth, 12, 26- 33. (In Farsi)##12. Elahifar, E., Hojati, M. & Fathizadeh, A. (2009). Study of problems of early return enterprises comparing business model and implement process in a case study. Proceedings of the First National Conference on Development of Economic Practices, Tehran, 3 to 4 March 2009, pp. 1- 8. (In Farsi)##13. Heidarpour, A. (2008). Study of performance and effectiveness of the economic and early return enterprise. Research Report, Office of Economic Studies of Islamic Council Parliament. (In Farsi)##14. Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization of Zanjan Province (2014). Statistical study of agricultural small and medium enterprises in Province of Zanjan. Research Report, Organization of Jihad-e-Agriculture of Zanjan Province.##15. Khalighi, S. (2009). Study of relationship between entrepreneurial skills of managers and organizational effectiveness in small and medium businesses in Sanandaj Township. MSc Thesis, Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj. (In Farsi)##16. Khalil, A. (2013). Identification of barrier factors and potential solutions to SMEs development among Jordanian manufacturing sector. Journal of Business and Management, 8 (24), 132- 140.##17. Khoshnodifar, Z., Pirmoradi, A. & Mirzaei, A. (2012). Factors affecting the success of small and medium economic early return and entrepreneurship enterprises in the agricultural sector of Farmahin Township. Proceedings of the Third Congress of Agricultural Extension and Education, 12 and 13 March 2012, Mashhad, pp. 1- 13. (In Farsi)##18. Lameei, B. (2007). Legal barriers to growth of entrepreneurship in Iranian small industries. Journal of Cooperative, 179, 18- 22. (In Farsi)##19. Long, C. & Zhang, X. (2011). Cluster-based industrialization in China: Financing and performance. Journal of International Economics, 84 (1), 112- 123.##20. Maya, I. & Anton, M. (2012). Barrier factors and potential solutions for Indonesian SMEs. Procedia Economics and Finance, 4, 3- 12.##21. Mozafari, M. (2008). Small industries in today's economy. Tehran, Maziar Publisher. (In Farsi)##22. Namazian, A. & Barzideh, A. (2012). Entrepreneurship and relationship between early return credits of Agricultural bank with employment. Magazine of Bank and Economics, 113, 63- 68. (In Farsi)##23. Pedhazur, E. (1982), Multiple Regressions in Behavioral Research: Explanation and Predication. New York, Reinhart & Winston.##24. Rachel, D. (2009). Investigating barriers to SME growth and development in transition environments. International Small Business Journal, 27 (3), 275- 305.##25. Shabanzadeh, M., Shahnoshi- Foroshani, N., Daneshvar- Kakhki, M., Ghorbani, M. & Mojaverian, M. (2013). Study of effectiveness of credits of early return enterprises project in beekeeping industry. Journal of Agricultural Science, 22 (4), 29- 44. (In Farsi)##26. Shahnoshi, N. & Shabanzadeh, M. (2013). Effect of Credits of early return enterprises on productivity of agricultural production factor in Babol Township. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 43- 2 (3), 511- 521. (In Farsi)##27. Sharifi, M., Zafarian, R., Yadollahi Farsi, J. & Mojtahedi, M. (2013). Barriers and promoting the growth of small and medium enterprises: Case study of paint and coating car industry in Iran. Journal of New Economics and Trade, 32, 165-192. (In Farsi)##28. Simon, B., Ken, N. & Stan, C. (1998). Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship and small business. Houndmiks, Macmillan Macmillian press LTD.##29. Soltani, Z., Khoshnod, Z. & Akbari Alashti, T. (2012). Financial mechanisms of small and medium enterprise. Research Report, Monetary and Banking Research Institute, Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran. (In Farsi)##30. UNIDO (2008). Small and medium sized enterprises. Technical Report, Available at http//www.unido.org.##31. Wilkinson, T. & Brouthers, L. (2006). Trade promotion and SME export performance. International Business Review, 15 (3), 233- 252.##Yeh-Yun, L. & Zhang, J. (2005). Changing structures of SME networks: Lessons from the publishing industry in Taiwan. 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0 کاربرد نگرش‏ های ارزشی زیست‏ محیطی در تحلیل رفتار زیست‏ محیط‏ گرایانه کشاورزان به منظور حفاظت از خاک (مورد مطالعه: کشاورزان شالیکار بخش مرکزی شهرستان ساری) Application of Environmental Attitudes toward Analyzing Farmers’ Pro-Environmental Behavior in order to Soil Conservation (The Case of Rice Farmers in Central Part of Sari County) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58835.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58835 0 انسان با رفتارها و تغییراتی که در محیط‏زیست انجام می‏دهد، می‏تواند باعث تخریب محیط‏زیست از جمله خاک شود. در این راستا، برای جلوگیری از تخریب محیط‏زیست باید رفتار انسان‏ها به سمت و سوی ابعاد طبیعت‏گرایانه تغییر کند. دستیابی به تغییرات رفتاری در ارتباط با محیط‏زیست، نیازمند شناخت نگرش افراد نسبت به آن است. هدف از این پژوهش تحلیل کاربرد نگرش‏های ارزشی زیست‏محیطی در واکاوی رفتار زیست‏محیط‏گرایانه به منظور حفاظت از خاک در بین کشاورزان شالیکار بخش مرکزی شهرستان ساری بود. این پژوهش توصیفی با استفاده از یک پیمایش انجام گرفت. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه‌ای بود که روایی آن با بهره‏گیری از نظر اساتید دانشگاهی و پایایی آن با استفاده از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. با استفاده از روش تصادفی طبقه‏ای با اتنساب متناسب و آماره کوکران، 120 نفر از شالیکاران به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند (9621=N). نتایج نشان داد که رفتار زیست‏محیط‏گرایانه 8/20 درصد از شالیکاران در حد ضعیف، 40 درصد در حد متوسط، 25 درصد در حد خوب و 2/14 درصد در حد عالی بود. همچنین، نتایج آزمون‏های مقایسه میانگین‏ها نشان داد که شالیکاران با دیدگاه‏ ارزشی زیست‏محیطی خودخواهانه، سطح رفتار زیست‏محیط‏گرایانه پایین‏تری نسبت به دو دیدگاه ارزشی زیست‏محیطی زیست‏کره و نوع‏دوستانه داشتند. 1 Human due to behaviors and changes towards the environment, can cause its degradation and specially soil. In this regard, to prevent the environmental degradation, human behaviors have to change towards pro-environmental dimensions. Achieving behavioral changes related to environment requires an understanding about human environmental attitudes. The purpose of this research was to analyze application of environmental attitudes in regard to investigating rice farmers’ pro-environmental behavior toward soil conservation in the central part of Sari County. This descriptive study conducted by using a survey. Research tool was a questionnaire which its validity and reliability were confirmed using a panel of university professors and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Stratified random sampling and Cochran formula were used to collect data from 120 rice farmers as sample (N=9621). The results showed: 20.8 percent of rice farmers’ pro-environmental behavior was in the poor level, 20.8 percent as moderate, 25 percent as good and 14.2 percent was excellent. Also, findings revealed that those who have Egoistic view had lower levels of Pro-environmental behavior than others with biosphere and altruistic attitudes. 81 91 عزت‌اله غزانی Ezat ollah Ghazani دانشجوی کارشناسی&rlm;ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ایران e.ghazani@gmail.com مسعود بیژنی Masoud Bijani استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ایران mbijani@modares.ac.ir حفاظت از خاک رفتار زیست‏محیط‏گرایانه نگرش‏های زیست‏محیطی شالیکاران ساری Abedi-e Sarvestani, A. (2012). Environmental Attitude and Behavior of Students of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Journal of Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education. 7(2): 77-9. (In Farsi).##Agheli-e kohneshari, L., & Sadeghi, H. (2005). Estimating the economic impacts of soil erosion in Iran. Quarterly Journal of the Economic Research, (15): 87-100. (In Farsi).##Azizi Khalkheili, T., Bakhshi Jahromi, A., and Bijani, M. (2012). Soil conservative behavior of farmers: The role of information & communication media. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal. 7 (2): 51-61. (In Farsi).##Bayat, N., Rastegar, A., & Azizi, F. (2011). Environment and management of soil resources in Iran's rural areas. Journal of Regional Planning, 1 (2): 63-78. (In Farsi).##Bijani, M., and Hayati, D. (2013). Application of Environmental Attitudes toward Analyzing Water Conflict: The Case of Doroodzan Dam Irrigation Network. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal. 9 (1): 83- 102. (In Farsi).##Bindraban, P. S., Van der Velde, M., Ye, L., Van den Berg, M., Materechera, S., Kiba, D. I., Van Lynden, G. (2012). Assessing the impact of soil degradation on food production. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 4(5): 478-488.##Clark, C. F., Kotchen, M. J., & Moore, M. R. (2003). Internal and external influences on pro-environmental behavior: Participation in a green electricity program. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(3): 237-246.##Fazeli, M., & Jafarsalehi, S. (2013). Gap in tourists’ attitude, knowledge and environmental behavior. Journal of Tourism Management Studies, 8 (22): 137-162. (In Farsi).##Ferdowsi, S., Mortazavi, Sh., & Rezvani, N. (2007). The relationship between environmental knowledge and Environmental Protection behaviors. Journal of Human Sciences, (53): 151-164. (In Farsi).##Haghighatian, M., Purafkari, N., & Jafarinia, Gh. (2013). The impact of Social environmental behaviors on social development: The case of South Pars staff (Assaluyeh). Journal of Social Development Studies in Iran, 5 (1): 136-152. (In Farsi).##Halpenny, E. A. (2010). Pro-environmental behaviours and park visitors: The effect of place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4): 409-421.##Hijazi, Y., & Eshaghi, R. (2014). Explanation of rural people's environmental behavior in the West provinces of Iran based on planned behavior model. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 45 (2): 257-267. (In Farsi).##Kibblewhite, M. G., Bellamy, P. H., Brewer, T. A., Graves, A. R., Dawson, C. A., Rickson, R. J., & Stuart, J. (2014). An exploration of spatial risk assessment for soil protection: Estimating risk and establishing priority areas for soil protection. Science of the Total Environment, 473: 692-701.##Klöckner, C. A. (2013). A comprehensive model of the psychology of environmental behavior: A meta-analysis. Global Environmental Change, 23(5): 1028-1038.##‏Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the gap: why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior?. Environmental Education Research, 8(3): 239-260.##Latif, S. A., Omar, M. S., Bidin, Y. H., & Awang, Z. (2013). Role of Environmental Knowledge in Creating Pro-Environmental Residents. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 105: 866-874.##Lee, Y. K., Kim, S., Kim, M. S., & Choi, J. G. (2014). 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Journal of Natural Environment (Iranian Journal o Natural Resources), 67 (1): 91-103. (In Farsi).##Organization of Agricultural Jihad of Sari Township. (2014). Annually report. Unpublished. (In Farsi).##Quinn, C. E., & Burbach, M. E. (2008). Personal characteristics preceding pro-environmental behaviors that improve surface water quality. Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 18: 103-114.##Rice Research Institute of Iran (2014). Annually report. Unpublished. (In Farsi).##Rohani, B. (2013). Soil protection becomes legal in Iran. Journal of Food Knowledge and Agriculture, 11 (104): 22-23. (In Farsi).##Salehi, S., & Imam Gholi, L. (2012, A). Experimental study of the relationship between environmental awareness and behavior (Investigation of urban and rural areas in Sanandaj Township). Iranian Journal of Social Issues, 3 (1): 121-141. (In Farsi).##Salehi, S., & Imam Gholi, L. (2012, B). 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0 تجارت جهانی و خودکفایی گندم در جهان World Trade and wheat self-sufficiency in the world https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58836.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58836 0 بخش کشاورزی یکی از مهمترین بخشهای اقتصاد محسوب میشود، از این رو خودکفایی در این بخش بسیار حایز اهمیت است. مقاله‌ حاضر به دنبال مطالعه اثرات تأسیس سازمان تجارت جهانی در سال 1995 بر خودکفایی تولید گندم پنج قاره جهان میباشد و از آن‌جایی که تجزیه و تحلیل کمی تولید از طریق مقدار بهینه عوامل تولید در کشاورزی، از لوازم اصلی نیل به خودکفایی است، مقایسه تطبیقی سهم عوامل تولید گندم جهان، قبل و بعد از تأسیس سازمان تجارت جهانی از دیگر اهداف مورد بررسی میباشد. از این رو برای دسترسی به اثرات نهاده‌ها، دو تابع تولید کاب و داگلاس طی سال‌های 1995-1981 و2010- 1996 برای کشورهای تولیدکننده گندم جهان به روش دادههای تابلویی برآورد گردیده است. نتایج نشان داد، طی دوره 30 ساله 2010-1980، روند خودکفایی تولید گندم سه قاره آفریقا، آمریکا و آسیا، از ثبات برخوردار بوده است، در حالی که تأسیس WTO منجر به افزایش اندک در خودکفایی گندم قاره اروپا و کاهش نوسانات خودکفایی گندم قاره اقیانوسیه گردیده است. هم‌چنین، مشخص گردید که بذر مصرفی گندم قبل از تجارت جهانی و کود شیمیایی بعد از تجارت جهانی بیشترین اثرگذاری را بر عملکرد در هکتار گندم داشتهاند و سهم نهاده نیروی انسانی بعد از تجارت جهانی کاهش و بهرهوری این نهاده افزایش یافته است. 1 The agricultural sector is one of the significant sectors of economy; therefore self-sufficiency in this sector is essential. This paper aims at the discussion on impacts of establishing WTO in 1995 on wheat production self-sufficiency of five continents. Since the quantitative analysis of the optimal level of agricultural factors is the main tool to achieve self-sufficiency, comparative study of world wheat production factors before and after the establishment of the WTO is another purpose of this study. To capture the effects of inputs, two separate Cobb-Douglas wheat production functions, by using panel data-set over 1981-1995 and 1996-2010, were applied. The results of study indicate that over a 30-year period; from 1980 to 2010; the trend of wheat self-sufficiency in Africa, America and Asia were stable. However, the establishment of the WTO led to a slight increase on Europe and fluctuation decline on Oceania wheat self-sufficiency. Besides, it was found that consumption of seed WTO and fertilizer after WTO, had the greatest impact on wheat yield. The contribution of labor force had reduced and productivity of this input had increased after world trade. 93 107 شهریار نصابیان Shahriar Nessabian دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی ایران sh_nessabian@iauctb.ac.ir آزاده محرابیان Azadeh Mehrabian دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی ایران aza_mehrabiyan@iauctb.ac.ir هما شکاریان Homa Shekarian دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی ایران homa.shekarian@yahoo.com تجارت جهانی خودکفایی گندم تابع تولید مشاهدات ترکیبی Akbari, N., & Sharif, M. (2008). Agricultural economics,(4th ed.), Allame tabatabae university.(In Farsi)##Amid, J. (2006). The dilemma of cheap food and self-sufficiency: The case of wheat in Iran, Elsevier , 32, 537-552.##Amirteimouri, S., Chizari, A. (2007). Study of dynamic self-sufficiency in maize production in Iran: an approach to calculate the total productivity of factors of production, Journal of Farming and Gardening, 79, 169-177. (In Farsi)##Ardestani, M., & Tousi, M. (2010). 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0 بررسی سطح رضایت روستاییان دامدار از فعالیت‌های آموزشی- ترویجی سازمان جهادکشاورزی استان قم Analyzing Satisfaction Level of the Rural Livestock Breeders from Education- Extension Activities of Jihad-e-Keshavarzi Organization, Qom Province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58837.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58837 0 «پرورش دام» فعالترین و مؤثرترین فعالیت اقتصادی در بخش کشاورزی استان قم، است. از آنجا که برنامههای آموزشی- ترویجی ابزار اصلی تحقق هدفهای توسعه کشاورزی است، با هدف سنجش رضایت روستاییان دامدار از این برنامهها و تعیین راهکارهای بهبود آنها، تحقیق حاضر به روش پیمایشی و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه انجام شد. جامعه آماری تحقیق کلیه دامداران روستایی شرکت کننده در دست کم یک دوره ترویجی مرتبط با امور دامداری بود. یافتهها نشان داد که میزان رضایت روستاییان دامدار از برنامههای آموزشی – ترویجی بالاتراز حد متوسط است. بیشترین میزان رضایت از «توان فنی مروجین و کارشناسان ترویج»، «میزان دسترسی به هدف» و «محتوای آموزشی» و کمترین میزان رضایت نیز از «امکانات و شرایط بیرونی»، «میزان مشارکت روستاییان» و«اطلاعرسانی برنامههای آموزشی- ترویجی» بود. به علاوه، چهار متغیر سواد، وضع اقتصادی خانواده، میزان مشارکت در برنامههای آموزشی- ترویجی و محل کسب غالب درآمد زندگی، اختلاف معنیداری در میزان رضایت آزمودنیها ایجاد کرده بود. تحلیل رگرسیونی نشان داد که سه متغیر مستقل ” شناخت دامدار نمونه”، ” سطح زمین زراعی” و ” تشویق فرزندان به انتخاب شغل دامداری” تأثیر معنیداری بر میزان رضایت روستاییان دامدار از برنامههای آموزشی– ترویجی دارند. مهمترین پیشنهادهای تحقیق، افزایش سرمایهگذاری و ارایه تسهیلات بانکی و نهادهای به روستاییان دامدار برای بهبود وضع اقتصادی آنها، توسعه سایر فرصتهای شغلی مرتبط با کشاورزی و ارتقای کمیت و کیفیت مشارکت روستاییان دامدار در برنامهریزی، اجرا و ارزشیابی برنامههای ترویجی است. 1 The livestock breeding is the most effective economic activity in agricultural sector of Qom province. As education-extension programs is the main tools for reach to objectives of agricultural development, the goal of this research is to assess rural livestock breeder’s satisfaction about Education- Extension programs and to determine the methods of improving them. This study is a survey research, which was conducted by questionnaire. The statistical population was consisted rural herders who had participated in (at least) one livestock extension course. The results show that satisfaction level of rural animal breeder about the extension-education programs is more than average. The highest satisfaction level is in contexts of "technical power of experts and extension workers", "access to target" and "educational content". The lowest levels of satisfaction are "features and external conditions", "rural people participation rate" and "education- extension program Information". In addition, four variables including: education, socioeconomic status, participation in education-extension programs and the businesses of earning more income created a significant difference in rural participants satisfaction. Regression analysis showed that three independent variables including: “know Sample livestock breeders", "The area of farm land" and "to encourage children to choose livestock" have significant effects on rural livestock breeders satisfaction about education-extension programs. 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0 آثار زیست محیطی افزایش قیمت حامل‌های انرژی: استخراج ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی ‌محیط زیستی ایران Environmental effects of price increasing of energy carriers: Construction of Environmental Social Accounting Matrix for Iran https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58838.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58838 0 مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی آثار زیست محیطی افزایش قیمت حامل‌های انرژی صورت پذیرفته است. در این راستا ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی- محیط زیستی اقتصاد ایران در سال 1385 تهیه شده است. با استفاده از الگوی قیمتی ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی، تغییرات قیمت ناشی از افزایش قیمت حامل‌ها محاسبه و با استفاده از ضرایب فزاینده ESAM میزان انتشار آلودگی برآورد گردید. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش قیمت حامل‌های انرژی، قیمت تمام شده تولید و شاخص قیمت مصرف‌کننده افزایش یافته است. بیشترین افزایش قیمت تمام شده مربوط به بخش انرژی با 09/680 درصد افزایش می‌باشد. این آثار تقاضای انرژی را کاهش داده است. بخش‌های صنعت و معدن و خدمات با بیشترین کاهش درآمد و تقاضای نهاده انرژی روبرو بوده‌اند. با توجه به اینکه مصرف انرژی یکی از مهم‌ترین منابع آلودگی‌های زیست محیطی است، افزایش قیمت حامل‌های انرژی، کاهش انتشار آلودگی‌های محیط زیستی را به دنبال داشته است. به گونه‌ای که اجرای سیاست افزایش قیمت حامل‌های انرژی آلودگی‌های محیط زیستی را 83/5 درصد کاهش داده است. 1 The aim of this study was to investigate the environmental effects of price increasing of energy carriers. In this regard, the Environmental Social Accounting Matrix for Iran has been prepared for the year 2006. Price changes due to rising of price increasing of energy carriers calculated using price pattern of Social Accounting Matrix and then, emissions were estimated using the ESAM’s multipliers. Results showed that cost of production and the consumer’s price index has increased with increasing the price of energy carriers. The most cost increasing is in energy sector by 763/84%. It has reduced energy demand. Services, manufacturing and mining sectors has the greatest decline in income and demand for energy. Given that energy consumption is one of the most important sources of environmental pollution, rising cost of energy reduced emissions and environmental pollution. 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0 ارزیابی راندمان مالی کشاورزان با تکیه بر تعیین ارزش اقتصادی آب Evaluating the financial efficiency of farmers, involving the economic value of water https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58839.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58839 0 بخش کشاورزی بیشترین مصرف آب را به خود اختصاص داده است. از این‌رو، تعیین ارزش اقتصادی آب به عنوان یک کالای اقتصادی و راندمان مالی کشاورزان از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. هدف اصلی مقاله حاضر تعیین ارزش اقتصادی آب کشاورزی و راندمان مالی کشاورزان در شهرستان خنداب از استان مرکزی است. برای این منظور محاسبه میزان عملکرد محصولات زراعی گندم، جو، یونجه و ذرت یک مدل‌ ریاضی بومی استفاده شد. قیمت آب کشاورزی از سه روش وزن‌دهی بر اساس حجم آب مصرفی، مساحت زیرکشت و درآمد حاصل از هر محصول به دست آمد. در بین روش‌های مذکور، روش وزن‌دهی بر اساس حجم آب مصرفی به عنوان مناسب‌‌‌‌‌‌ترین روش انتخاب شد. راندمان مالی کشاورزان برای سه حالت، آب رایگان، دریافت 10 درصد قیمت محاسبه شده و دریافت تمام قیمت آب از کشاورز محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که حساسیت راندمان مالی به تغییرات درآمدها بیشتر از تغییر در میزان هزینه‌ها می‌باشد. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که راندمان آبیاری و راندمان مالی در همه موارد هم راستا نیستند. در صورت دریافت 10 درصد قیمت محاسبه شده آب از کشاورز، امکان اجرای سیستم آبیاری تحت فشار فراهم خواهد شد و راندمان مالی کشاورزان نیز افزایش خواهد یافت. 1 Since the agricultural sector is the largest consumer of water resources, it is important to determine economic value of water and financial efficiency of farmers. The purpose of this paper is to determine the economic value of water and financial efficiency of farmers in Khondab County, Markazi Province. In this study, the performance of four crops including wheat, barley, alfalfa and corn were calculated, involving a newly developed mathematical model. The average price of agricultural water has been determined using three methods: weighting methods based on the volume of water, the cultivated area, and the income for each plant. Among the methods, the method based on volume of water has selected as the most appropriate method. Financial efficiency was calculated for three modes including: free water, 10% of the calculated price, and the actual price of water from the farmer. Results show that financial efficiency is sensitive to changes in income more than changes in costs. Irrigation efficiency and financial efficiency are not similar in all cases. It is possible to perform pressurized irrigation if 10% of the calculated price would be received from farmers. 141 150 محمدعلی اسماعیلی موخر فردویی Mohammadali Esmaeilimoakhar Fardoei دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد ایران m.ali.esmaili@ut.ac.ir کیومرث ابراهیمی KUMARS EBRAHIMI دانشیار ایران ebrahimik@ut.ac.ir شهاب عراقی نژاد Shahab Araghinejad عضو هیات علمی ایران araghinejad@ut.ac.ir عبدالحسین هورفر Abdolhossein Hoorfar عضو هیات علمی ایران hoorfar@ut.ac.ir آبیاری تحت فشار ارزش اقتصادی آب عملکرد‌گیاه راندمان مالی کشاوزان مدل ریاضی Abbasi, F., Soltani, A.R., Kiani, A.R., Sh.Rokhsar, P and Khoramian, M., (2012), Assessment the knowledge of farmers and analyze the status and methods of operations of water and soil resources (case study in Tehran, Khuzestan, Mazandaran and Golestan), Iranian journal of agricultural economics and development research,43-2, Issue: 3, 387-397.(In Farsi)##2. Abdullahi Ezzatabadi, M., Javanshah, A. (2007). 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0 شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی گزیدارهای توسعه تشکیلات ترویج تعاون کشور Identification and prioritizing scenarios for developing cooperative extension structure in Iran https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58840.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58840 0 توسعه تشکیلات ترویج تعاون علاوه بر کمک در پیشبرد روند توسعه و بهبود کارکردهای بخش تعاون می‌تواند در توانمندسازی تعاونگران و موفقیت تعاونی‌ها نیز اهمیت به سزایی داشته باشد. این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی گزیدارهای توسعه تشکیلات ترویج تعاون کشاورزی در دو مرحله به انجام رسیده است. در مرحله اول تحقیق، با انجام مطالعه دلفی، پنج گزینه و چهار معیار برای توسعه تشکیلات ترویج تعاون شناسایی گردید. پس از ترسیم درخت تصمیم‌گیری، داده‌ها از طریق تکمیل 21 پرسشنامه توسط صاحب‌نظران ترویج و تعاون (کارشناسان و مدیران ارشد ستادی حوزه ترویج و کارآفرینی وزارتخانه و اعضای هیات علمی با سابقه پژوهشی و انتشاراتی در حوزه ترویج تعاون)، بر مبنای مقایسه‌های زوجی، گردآوری شدند. از نرم‌افزار Expert Choice برای تحلیل داده‌ها استفاده شد. گزینه‌ها و معیارهای شناسایی شده برحسب وزن نسبی (نرخ‌های ناسازگاری کمتر از 1/0) اولویت‌بندی گردید. اولویت معیارها عبارت است از: "تناسب با ظرفیت‌ها و شرایط بخش تعاون"، "اثربخشی به لحاظ ارایه خدمات آموزشی و ترویجی به مخاطبان"، "تناسب با ساختار اداری و قوانین و مقررات مربوطه"، "امکان‌پذیری به لحاظ امکانات و منابع وزارت تعاون و رفاه اجتماعی". گزینه‌ها نیز به این ترتیب اولویت‌بندی گردید: (1) شبکه‌سازی نهادی: ساماندهی شبکه ترویج تعاون؛ (2) تشکیلات دولتی توسعه یافته: توسعه ساختار تشکیلاتی در بدنه وزارتخانه تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی؛ (3) برون سپاری نهادی: توسعه تشکیلاتی غیردولتی در بدنه بخش تعاون با مشارکت اتحادیه‌های تعاون؛ (4) تداوم وضع پیشین: بازسازی تشکیلات مربوط به وزارت تعاون (سابق) و (5) تداوم وضع فعلی: پس از شکل‌گیری وزارتخانه تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی. همچنین معیارها 1 Development of cooperative extension structures despite of help to drive development trend and function improvement of cooperative sector can play key role in empowering cooperative agents and success of cooperatives. This two-phase research aimed to identify and prioritize development scenario of cooperative extension structures. By a Delphi study, the first phase leads to identify five alternatives and four criteria. Considering these alternatives and criteria, a decision making tree was outlined. Following designing hierarchical tree, data were collected through pair wise comparison by 21 samples among extension and cooperative experts (experts and superior managers from deputy of extension and entrepreneurship in ministry and faculty members with published articles in extension and cooperative). Expert Choice software used to analysis data. Based on the relative weight (inconsistency ratio lower than 0.1), the alternative and criterions for developing cooperative extension structure in Iran prioritized. Criterions were prioritized as: 1) “appropriateness with capacities and conditions of cooperative sector”, “effectiveness regarding presenting extension and education services to stakeholders”, “appropriateness with administration structures and related regulation”, “feasibly regarding existing infrastructures and resources in ministry”. Alternatives were prioritized as: (1) institutional networking: organizing national cooperative extension network; (2) developing governmental administration: organizing administrative structure in ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare; (3) institutional outsourcing: developing non-governmental structure in the cooperative sector by participation of cooperative unions; (4) go on with past situation: rebuilding organization related to former Cooperative Ministry; (5) go on with current situation: after establishing ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare. 151 167 غلامحسین عبداله زاده - - استادیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان ایران abdollahzade1@gmail.com محمد شریف شریف زاده - - دانشیار، دانشکده مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان ایران sharifsharifzadeh@gmail.com غلامحسین حسینی نیا - - استادیار، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران ایران hosseininia@ut.ac.ir علی قلی حیدری - - معاون آموزشی و پژوهشی موسسه آموزش عالی علمی کاربردی مهارت ایران aliheidary1345@yahoo.com ترویج تعاون نظام ترویج تشکیلات ترویج توسعه تعاون تحلیل سلسله مراتبی Abdollahzadeh, G., Sharifzadeh, A., Hosseininia, G. & Heidari, A. 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0 بررسی عوامل موثر بر پذیرش و عدم پذیرش کشت محصولات سالم در استان خوزستان Factors affecting the adoption and rejection of safety crops in the Khuzestan https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58841.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58841 0 محصول سالم، محصولی است که با حداقل استفاده از نهادههای شیمیایی تولید میشود، بهطوری که خطری مصرف کننده این مواد غذایی را تهدید نمیکند. هدف این مقاله، بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر پذیرش و عدم پذیرش کشت محصولات سالم در بین سبزی و صیفی کاران استان خوزستان و تعیین بهترین مدل تعیین کننده پذیرش است. مطالعه به روش پیمایشی و با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری طبقه بندی تصادفی غیر سهمیهای انجام گرفت. اطلاعات مورد نیاز از 170 نفر پذیرنده کشت محصول سالم و 170 نفر نپذیرنده، بوسیله پرسشنامه جمع آوری شد. نتایج نشان داد بین پذیرندگان و نپذیرندگان، از نظر؛ استفاده از منابع اطلاعاتی و دفعات مراجعه به مروج تفاوت آماری معنیداری در سطح 1 درصد وجود دارد. همچنین، پذیرندگان کشت محصول سالم، نگرش مطلوبتری نسبت به حفظ محیط زیست و کاربرد کمتر نهادههای شیمیایی دارند، میزان آگاهی آنها از معایب کشاورزی متعارف نیز بیشتر است. یافتهها نشان داد مدل چند بعدی بهترین مدل متمایزکننده پذیرندگان از نپذیرندگان است. پیشنهاد میشود سیاستگزاران با کاربرد مدل چند بعدی به کیفیت مسایل آموزشی بیشتر اهمیت داده و تصویب قوانین حمایت از تولید کنندگان محصولات سالم را مورد توجه قرار دهند. 1 A safety crop is defined by the matter produced with least chemical input (fertilizer) usage in order to have no risk for consumers. This study was done to investigate the factors affecting adoption and/or rejection of cultivating safety crops and to assign the best fitted model of adoption among vegetable growers in Khuzestan Province. The study was based on a survey method using a non-proportional stratified random sampling, in which 170 safety crop adopters as well as 170 non-adopters were selected. The data were gathered through a questionnaire. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between both groups in term of using information channels and the number of visiting change agents. In addition, the adopters of safe crops had more favorite attitude toward protection of environment and low usage of external chemical inputs. They demonstrated more awareness of the disadvantageous of conventional agriculture. The findings showed that the multiplicity model was the best fitted model which could well discriminate the adopters from non-adopters. The study followed by proposing some recommendations in which policy makers were advised to apply multi-dimensional (or multiplicity) model along with pay more attention to the quality of education and ratify the legal laws to support of safety crop producers 169 180 فروغ علیقلی Forogh Aligholi دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین ایران forough.aligholi@yahoo.com عبد العظیم آجیلی - - دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین ایران azimaj53@yahoo.com مسعود یزدان پناه - - دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین ایران yazdanm@asnrukh.ac.ir معصومه فروزانی - - دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین ایران m.forouzani@yahoo.com پذیرش محصولات سالم مدل نشر مدل ساختار مزرعه مدل چند بعدی Adekun, O. A.,Adereti,F. O. & Opele, A. I. (2006). Factors influencing adoption of fisheries innovations by artisanal fisherman in coastal areas of Ogun state. Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 2.11:966-971##Bonabana, J. (2002). 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0 تحلیل سازوکارهای توسعه پایداری در واحدهای تولید گلخانه‌ای استان البرز Investigating the Strategies of Sustainability Development in Greenhouses of Alborz Province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58842.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58842 0 کشت گلخانهای فشردهترین شکل کشت محصولات کشاورزی است که با کنترل عوامل محیطی و تامین نیازهای غذایی گیاه عملکرد بالاتری را منجر میشود. در دهههای اخیر با گسترش روزافزون سطح زیرکشت محصولات گلخانهای، سهم آن در تولید کل محصولات کشاورزی افزایش چشمگیری پیدا کرده است. با اینحال مصرف بیرویه نهادههای شیمیایی در این نظام کشت، پایداری این واحدها را با تردید مواجه کرده است. از اینرو، ارایه و تحلیل سازوکارهایی برای افزایش پایداری این واحدها و کاربرد آنها در شرایط عملی میتواند زمینه ساز تولید محصولات سالم و در نهایت سلامت عمومی جامعه گردد. با توجه به مطالب ذکر شده هدف این پژوهش، بررسی و تحلیل سازوکارهای توسعه پایداری در واحدهای تولید گلخانهای استان البرز بود. تحقیق حاضر از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از نظر گردآوری دادهها پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر را 366 گلخانهدار فعال استان البرز (366N=) تشکیل دادند. با استفاده از فرمول کوکران تعداد 155 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی با انتساب متناسب انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات در تحقیق حاضر پرسشنامه بود که پایایی آن با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 85/0 مورد تایید قرار گرفت. در تحقیق حاضر به منظور تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تاییدی از نرم افزارهای آماری SPSS18 و LISREL8.5 استفاده گردید. نتایج تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی نشان داد که شش عامل استخراج شده، 67 درصد واریانس کل را تبیین میکند. نتایج نشان داد که سازوکارهای توسعه پایداری واحدهای تولید گلخانه از شش مولفه مجزای حمایتی- پشتیبانی، تولیدی، قیمتی- بازاری، اعتباری، تحقیقی-ترویجی و زیست محیطی تشکیل میشود. 1 Greenhouse cultivation is the most intensive form of crop production, which provides a controlled microclimate that may be adapted to the needs of plants, resulting in higher yield. In recent decades area under greenhouse cultivation expand worldwide and its share in total production of agricultural products has increased dramatically. However, regarding to high consumption of chemical inputs in this cultivation system, its sustainability is under suspicion. Thus, providing mechanisms for maintaining sustainability of this production unit, leads to product healthy foods. So, this paper aims to analyze strategies of sustainability development in greenhouse cultivation of Alborz province. The methodology used in this study was collection of primary data and field observations. The target population for this study consisted of all active greenhouse owners in Alborz province (N=366). The sample (155 cases) was randomly selected and the questionnaire was evaluated by use of Cochran's formula. Reliability of the research instrument was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.85). Results showed that the strategies classified in 6 categorize, which explained 67 percent of the total variances. In this study, a confirmatory factor analysis was applied to evaluate the goodness of fit indices. The result revealed that strategies of sustainability development in greenhouses consisted of six separate factors including: supportive, production, pricing - marketing, credit, research-extension and environmental. 181 196 امید جمشیدی Omid Jamshidi دانشگاه تهران ایران jamshidi.omid65@ut.ac.ir علی اسدی Ali Asadi استاد دانشگاه تهران ایران aasadi@ut.ac.ir ناصر مطیعی Naser Motiee دانشگاه تهران ایران jamshidi.omid65@gmail.com سازوکار پایداری واحدهای گلخانه استان البرز Abasi, F. Chyzari, M. & Asadi, A. (2012). Analysis of barriers to adoption of technology of comprehensive management strategy for the production and preservation of horticultural products from the perspective of Isfahan greenhouse owners. 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0 بررسی نقش ارزش های فردی و اخلاق کسب‌ وکار بر مسئولیت پذیری اجتماعی شرکتی در بنگاه های بخش کشاورزی Investigating the Role of Business Ethics and Personal Values in Corporate Social Responsibility among Agricultural Enterprises https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58843.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58843 0 پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش اخلاق کسبوکار و ارزشهای فردی مدیران در مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی بنگاهها‌ انجام شد. پژوهش با توجه به نظر کارفرما، در پنج استان کشور شامل کرمانشاه، فارس، زنجان، مرکزی، کهگیلویه و بویراحمد در میان 150 بنگاه بخش کشاورزی به روش نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده اجرا شد. داده‌ها توسط پرسشنامه گردآوری شدند. اعتبار محتوایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از نظر متخصصان در حوزه اخلاق کسب‌وکار و مسئولیتپذیری اجتماعی شرکتی تأیید شد. به منظور محاسبه قابلیت اعتماد پرسشنامه از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و تحلیل عاملی تأییدی استفاده شد. پس از آن دادهها با استفاده از روشهای آمار توصیفی و استنباطی تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که ارزش‌های فردی بر اخلاق کسب‌وکار (2/0=R) و مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی شرکتی (12/0=R) اثر مثبت و معناداری داشت. همچنین، اثر اخلاق کسب‌وکار بر مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی شرکتی (68/0=R) مثبت و معنادار بود. بر اساس نتایج، افزایش آموزش‌های اخلاقی در بنگاه‌ها برای مدیران از قبیل برگزاری دوره‌های اخلاق کسب‌وکار، مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی شرکتی، اخلاق حرفه‌ای و آشنایی با استانداردهای موجود در بخش کشاورزی پیشنهاد شد. 1 This study aimed to investigate the role of business ethics and managers’ personal values in the corporate social responsibility among enterprises. It was conducted in five provinces including Kermanshah, Fars, Zanjan, Markazi, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, among 150 agricultural enterprises which were selected through simple random sampling method. The data were gathered by the questionnaire. Validity of questionnaire was obtained through opinions of experts of business ethics and social responsibility. Measuring of its reliability was done through Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed by using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated that personal values had the positive and significant effect on business ethics (R=0.2) and corporate social responsibility (R=0.12). So, effect of business ethics on corporate social responsibility is a significant direct effect (R=0.68). Based on the results, it was suggested to enhance the education about ethics among managers of enterprises through holding the courses of business ethics, corporate social responsibility, professional ethics, and standards in agriculture sector. 197 209 مرتضی اکبری - - دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران ایران mortezaakbari@ut.ac.ir الهام فهام - - دکترای آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران faham@ut.ac.ir مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی ارزش اخلاق بنگاه اقتصادی کشاورزی Alborzi, M. & Yazdanshenas, M., (2007). Corporate social Responsibility and Business ethics in modern quality management. Management culture, 5(15), 5-9. (In Farsi)##Alleyne, P., Cadogan-McClean, C. & Harper, A., (2013). Examining personal values and ethical behavior perceptions between accounting and non-accounting students in the Caribbean. The Accounting Educators’ Journal (XXIII), 47-70.##Delkhamoush, M. T. & Ahmadi mobarake, M., (2013). Culture-specifics in Iranian values: a study in three samples of three generations. Developmental Psychology: Iranian psychologists, 9 (34), 107-127. (In Farsi)##Delkhamoush, M. T., (2012). Schwartz value survey: questionnaire, instruction, scoring key (Persian version). Developmental Psychology: Iranian psychologists, 9 (34), 213-216. (In Farsi)##England, G. W., (1967). Personal value systems of American managers. Academy of Management Journal, 10 (l), 53-68.##Fassin, Y., Van Rossem, A. & Buelens, M., (2011). Small business owner-managers’ perceptions of business ethics and CSR-related concepts. Journal of Business Ethics, 98 (3), 425-453.##Feldman, S., (2007). Moral business cultures: The keys to creating and maintaining them. Organizational Dynamics, 36 (2), 156–170.##Frederick, W., (2006). Corporation, be good! The story of corporate social responsibility. Indianapolis: Dog Ear Publishing.##Fritzche, D. J. & Oz, E., (2007). Personal values influence on the ethical dimension of decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 75, 335–343. DOI 10.1007/s10551-006-9256-5.##Gharamaleki, A. F., (2007). Ethical organizations in Business. Ghom: Majnoon Publications, 296 p. (In Farsi)##Heidarzadeh Hanzaee, K. & Nasimi, M. A., (2012). A scale of business ethics in Iran. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 4 (10), 1424-1431.##Hemingway, C. A. & Maclagan, W. P., (2004). Managers’ personal values as drivers of corporate social Responsibility. Journal of Business ethics, 50: 33-44.##IRNA, (2014). Iran has the backwardness in terms of social responsibility index of enterprises. New Code: 81044562 (3843824), time: February 15, 2014. (In Farsi)##Jin, K. G. & Drozdenko, R. G., (2010). Relationships among perceived organizational core values, corporate social responsibility, ethics, and organizational performance outcomes: an empirical study of information technology professionals. Journal of Business Ethics, 92 (3): 341-359.##Joyner, B. E. & Payne, D., (2002). Evolution and Implementation: A Study of Values, Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 41 (4): 297-311.##Lindner, J. R. & Wingenbach, G. J., (2002). Communicating the handling of non-response error in Journal of Extension research in brief articles. Journal of Extension, 40 (6). Available at: http://www.joe.org/joe/2002december/rb1.shtml.##Miller, L. E. & Smith, K. L., (1983). Handling non-response issues. Journal of Extension, 21 (5). Available at: http://www.joe.org/1983september/83-5.a7.pdf.##Omidvar, A., (2008). Extension of corporate social responsibility, Complementary and alternative of policies and tasks of government. Research letter (CSR), 21, 9-88. (In Farsi)##Schwartz, S., (1996). Value priorities and behavior: applying a theory of integrated value systems. Psychology, 8(1): 1-24.##Smith, R. E., (2011). Defining corporate social responsibility: a systems approach f or socially responsible capitalism. M.Sc Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.##Taghizadeh, H. & Soltani Fasghandis, Gh., (2010). Effect of business ethic on corporate social responsibilities. Ethics in Sciences & Technology, 3 & 4, 94-104. (In Farsi)##Turker, D., (2008). Measuring corporate social responsibility: a scale development study. Journal of Business Ethics, 85 (4): 411-427.##Valentine, S. and Fleischman, G., (2008). Ethics programs, perceived corporate social responsibility and job satisfaction. Journal of Business Ethics, 77 (2): 159-172.##Wang, L., (2011). Factors affecting perceptions of corporate social responsibility implementation: an emphasis on values. Dissertations Forestalls 130, Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki. 107p. http://www.metla.fi/dissertationes/df130.htm##World Business Council for Sustainable Development., (2000). Corporate social responsibility: making good business sense. 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0 بررسی نقش عوامل اجتماعی و روانشناختی بر توانمندسازی زنان روستایی سرپرست خانوار تحت پوشش کمیته امداد (مورد مطالعه: شهرستان عباس آباد) Investigating the role of social and psychological factors on empowerment of rural Female-headed Households, Supported by the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (Case study: Abas Abad Township) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58844.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58844 0 امروزه توانمندسازی زنان روستایی و به خصوص زنان سرپرست خانوار روستایی، به عنوان یکی از عناصر حیاتی در تلاشهای توسعه ضرورتی انکارناپذیر است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی نقش عوامل اجتماعی و روانشناختی موثر بر توانمندسازی زنان روستایی سرپرست خانوار انجام شد. جامعه آماری تحقیق 400 نفر از زنان روستایی سرپرست خانوار تحت پوشش کمیته امداد امام خمینی (ره) بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری کاملاً تصادفی 208 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه استفاده گردید. روایی محتوایی پرسشنامه با نظر اعضای هیات علمی دانشگاه زنجان مورد تایید قرار گرفت. به منظور تعیین قابلیت اعتماد ابزار تحقیق پیش‌آزمون انجام شد که مقدار آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شده برای مقیاسهای اصلی پرسشنامه در حد مناسب (در دامنه بین 82/0 تا 90/0) به دست آمد. دادههای گردآوری شده با استفاده از تکنیک چند متغیره مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. نتایج به دست آمده از برآورد مدل ساختاری مستقیم تحقیق نشان داد که رابطه مثبت و معنیداری بین عوامل روانشناختی و اجتماعی با توانمندسازی زنان روستایی سرپرست خانوار وجود دارد. بنابراین، تقویت و توسعه آموزش در ابعاد روانی و اجتماعی در جهت ارتقای سطح توانمندی زنان سرپرست خانوار پیشنهاد میشود. 1 Today, the empowerment of rural women, particularly rural headed-households is a vital component in development efforts. This study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the role of social and psychological factors on female-headed household empowerment. The population of this study included 400 rural female-headed households supported by the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation. Through simple random sampling method, 208 respondents were selected. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the panel of faculty members in University of Zanjan. A pilot study was conducted to establish reliability of the instrument. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the main scales of questionnaire were at appropriate level (between .82 to .90). The collected data was analyzed by using structural equation modeling multivariate technique. The results showed that psychological, social health and political-social participation factors had significant relationships with empowerment of rural female-headed household. Therefore, enhancing and developing the training in psychological and social aspects were suggested in order to promote the empowerment of female-headed household. 211 225 شیوا مهاجری - - دانشگاه زنجان ایران shiva_m6490@yahoo.com غلامرضا مجردی - - دانشگاه زنجان ایران gmojaradi@yahoo.com محمد بادسار - - دانشگاه زنجان ایران mbadsar@yahoo.com "سرپرست خانوار" "روستا" "توانمندسازی" "کمیته امداد امام خمینی'' ''زنان" Ahmadi, H. (2006). Survey and Evaluation on Managerial Ability of Women: A Case Study Shiraz city, Women in Development & Politics,4(3): 77-96. In Persian##AminiYakhdani, M. (2009). The Role of Employmentin theHealth of Female-Headed Households, The Second Conferenceon Females’ abilities and the empowerment of female-headed households, 17-40.In Persian##Ayat, S., Azamian, E. (2011) Impacts of Information and Communication Technology on Empowerment of Rural Women (Text in Persian), Journal of Rural Development Studies, (3): 151-164.In Persian.##Buzarjomehri, kh.&Ahmadiyanshalchi, N., (2009).Determiningthe Socio-economic Status andRuralFemale-Headed Householdshousing (Sample:SystemQuliMashhad), TheSecond Conference on Females’ abilities and the empowerment of female-headed households, 65-68.In Persian##Chang, l., Liu, C. (2010). “Employee empowerment, innovative behavior and job productivity of public health nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey”, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(-): 1442–1448.##Fami,S. Ghasemi, J., chubchiyan, S., & Faiz Allah Zadeh, S. (2009).Sustainable Livelihoods, New approach in Poverty Alleviation and the Empowerment ofRural Female-Headed Households, TheSecond Conference on Females’ abilities and the empowerment of female-headed households, 365-341. In Persian##Foruzan, S., Biglariyan, A. (2003). Female-headed households: Opportunities and Challenges, 1(5): 35-58. In Persian##Gangadharappa, H., Pramod, K., and Shiva, K. (2007). Gastric floating drug delivery systems: A review. Indian J. Pharm. Ed. Res., 41, pp. 295- 305.##Gholipour, A., Rahimian, A. (2011). Economic, Cultural, and Educational Factors Related to Empowerment of Head-of-Household Women (Text in Persian), Social Welfare Quarterly, 6(40): 29-62. In Persian##Iravani, M. (2011). A ComparativeReview of the Mental Healthof the Working Female-Headed HouseholdsandWorking Ordinary WomeninSariTownship,Cultural-DefenseQuarterlyWomen and Families, (17): 117-145.In Persian##IFAD )2011(, Women and rural Development, Retrieved from: www.ifwww.ifad.org, www.ruralpovertyportal.org.##Javaan, J., Yaasouri, M., rahnama. M., & AhmadiyaanShaalch. N. (2008). The study of economical situation of rural women who are in charge of their families case study: Mashhad Gholi rural system (Text in Persian), Journal Of Geography and Regional Development Reseach Journal, (11): 19-35. In Persian##Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (seven ed.). United State of Amreica: Pearson prentice hall.##Kazemi pour, S. (2009). Analysis of the Employment opportunities for Female-Headed Households, TheSecond Conference on Females’ abilities and the empowerment of female-headed households, 403-426. In Persian##Ketabi, M., Yazd khasti, B., & Farajirastabi, z. (2003).Empowering Women in order to participate in development, 1(7): 5-30.In Persian##Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling: The Guilford Press.##Koulaee, E., Taheri, E. (2010).The impact of Women's Empowerment in Rural Development, in Iran.50-65.In Persian##Kimiaee S. (2011). Methods Used for Empowering Head-of-Household Women. Social Welfare, 11 (40) :63-92. In Persian##Larkin, Mary E., Cierpial, Chelby L., stack, joanM., morrison, Victoria J., & Griffith, Catherine A. (2008). “Empowerment Theory in Action: the Wisdom of Collaborative Governance”, The online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 14-31.##Mardani, A. (2009). Typology of female-headed households and to compare them with male-headed households in urban areas of Tehran,Secend Congress synergies and empowerment of female-headed households, 449-472. In Persian##Marimuthu, S. (2008). “Gender Discrimination and Women's Development in India”, Munich Personal RePEc Archive,1-15.##Mokomane, Z. (2012). “Role of Families in Social and Economic Empowerment”, of Individuals United Nations Expert Group Meeting on “Promoting Empowerment of People in Achieving Poverty Eradication, Social Integration and Full Employment and Decent Work for All, 1-15.##Nahavandi, M., Ajorloo, S. (2009). A Study on the Status of Female-Headed Households, with Emphasis on the Subway Female Peddler, TheSecond Conference on Females’ abilities and the empowerment of female-headed households, 513-533. In Persian##Nazoktabar, H., Veysi, R. (2008). Social status cultural and economic Mazandaran province of female-headed households, Quarterly Social Welfare, 7(27): 95-113.In Persian##Nega, F. Mathijis, E. Deckers, Jpsef. Tollens, Eric (2009) “Gender, social capital and empowerment in northern Ethiopia”, 1-32.##OECD “(2012) Women’s economic empowerment”, 1-39.##PishgahiFard, Z. TajaliArdakani, F. KazemiyanAmiri, M. (2009). Design and Testing the Methods of Empowering ofFemale-HeadedHouseholds, TheSecond Conference on Females’ abilities and the empowerment of female-headed households,89-111. In Persian##Qashqaei, G., ShafiAbadi, A., & BaqerSanaei, B. (2011). A Survey of the Impact of Reality Therapy and Feminist Therapy Group Counseling on Changing the Identity and Self-esteem of Female Householders (Text in Persian), Cultural Education Quarterly,Women and Families, (18): 8-50. In Persian##Rita Men, L, (2011),. “How employee empowerment influences organization–employee relationship in China”, Public Relations Review ,37(-): 435– 437.##RezaeeGhadi, Kh. (2009). Empowerment indices of Female-Headed Households, TheSecond Conference on Females’ abilities and the empowerment of female-headed households, 179-199. In Persian##Sabokbar, F., Khaki, A., & Nemati, M. (2009). The evaluation of ICTs on rural women abilities The Case: Gharnabad, Geography, (22): 1-15. In Persian##Sadeghi, A. (2009).Female-headed householdsandthe socialand individualharmbeforeit, Secend Congress synergies and empowerment of female-headed households, 225-251. In Persian##SaeiArasi, I., Vali pour, S. (2009). Identifying the FactorsAffectingWomen'sEmpowermentfor Partnership in SocialDevelopment (Case Studyprovince lorestan), Behavioral SciencesQuarterly, 67-101.In Persian##Sam Aram, E., AminiYakhdani, M. (2009). Review of the Health Situation of Women Heads of House Holds, Supported by the Social Welfare Organization of Qom,Shiite women (21): 133-160. In Persian##SeyedMirzaee, S., Abdollahi, Z., & KamarBeygi, K. (2011). Investigation of the RelationshipbetweenSocial FactorsandSocialSecurity AmongFemale-Headed Households (case Study: Women,Ilam city), Quarterly Social Security Studies, 79-108.In Persian##Shakuri, A., rafatjah, M., & jafari, M. (2007).An Analysis of Factors Affecting Women's Empowerment Components, Women in Development & Politics, 5(1): 1-26. In Persian##Sharifi ,M., Asadi, A., Kalantari, K., & Agahi, H. (2010). 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0 بررسی اثر صندوق‌های اعتباری خرد بر کاهش فقر، ایجاد درآمد و اشتغال در استان کرمان Investigating the effect of microcredit funds on alleviating poverty, generating income and creating employment in Kerman province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58845.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58845 0 در سه دهه‌ی اخیر، تأمین مالی خرد به‌عنوان راهکاری مناسب جهت مقابله با فقر روستاییان مطرح شده و برخی کشورها در این زمینه به موفقیت‌های چشمگیری دست یافته‌اند. اهمیت این دستاورد به‌گونه‌ای بود که بانک جهانی سال 2005 را سال " اعتبارات خرد" نام‌گذاری و کشورهای در حال توسعه را در به‌کارگیری این شیوه‌ی اعتباری تشویق کرده است. هدف اصلی مطالعه‌ی حاضر، تعیین اثربخشی صندوق‌های اعتباری خرد در کاهش فقر، ایجاد درآمد و اشتغال است. جامعه‌ی آماری تحقیق شامل کلیه‌ی اعضای صندوق‌های اعتباری خرد در سال 93-1392 در استان کرمان بود که 97 نفر با استفاده از فرمول کوکران به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. روایی صوری پرسشنامه با کسب نظر متخصصان ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی تایید شد. پایایی تحقیق با استفاده از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ حدود 89/0 به‌دست آمد. جهت تحلیل داده‌ها از روش‌های تحلیل توصیفی نظیر توزیع فراوانی، درصد، نمره‌های وزنی و میانگین استفاده گردید. بر اساس نتایج، به‌غیر از متغیرهای بهبود شرایط مسکن و توانایی پرداخت مخارج تحصیل فرزندان، سطح رضایت‌مندی سایر متغیرها بیش از میانگین میزان رضایت‌مندی است (3). به‌این ترتیب از زمان عضویت، درآمد کل خانواده افزایش و فقر کاهش یافته، خود اشتغالی ایجاد شده و کسب و کار قبلی رونق پیدا کرده است. 1 In the last three decades, microfinance has been proposed as a way to combat rural poverty and some countries have achieved significant success in this field. The significance of this achievement has been in such a way that the World Bank has named, the year 2005, as the year of "microcredit" and has encouraged developing countries in the application of this credit method. The main objective of the present study is determining the effect of micro-credit funds on alleviating poverty, generating income and creating employment. Statistical population of the study consisted all members of the micro-credit funds in Kerman province in the year 2013-14, in which 97 members were selected as a sample using Cochran formula. Face validity was done with agricultural extension and education specialists. The reliability of the study using Cronbach's alpha test was about 0.89. To analyze the data, descriptive statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, weighted scores and mean were used. Based on the results, except variables improving housing conditions and the ability to pay for children's education, the satisfaction level is more than the average (3). Thus, since the membership, total income of the family has increased and poverty declined, self-employment created and earlier business has flourished. 227 235 مهدیه ساعی mahdiyeh saei دانشگاه زابل ایران m_saeey@yahoo.com سامان ضیایی saman ziaee عضو هیپت علمی دانشگاه زابل ایران samanziaee@gmail.com اثر بخشی کرمان اعتبارات خرد درآمد کاهش فقر 1- Abiola, I. & Salami, A.O. (2011). Impact of microfinance bank on standard of living of hairdresser in Ogbomoso North local government of Oyo State, Nigeria. American Journal of Social and Management Sciences, 2(1): 34-40.##2- Addae-Korankye, A. (2012). Microfinance and poverty reduction in Ghana: The case of central region of Ghana. Asian Economic and Social Society, 2(1): 135-141.##3- 3-Alaaddini, P. & Jalali mousavi, A. (2010). Evaluation of the effectiveness of support program of microfinance services and rural women micro-credit fund in Iran, Rural Development, 2: 61-76. (In Farsi)##4- Al-Mamun, A., Malarvizhi, C. A., Wahab, S. A., & Mazumder, M. N. H.. (2011). Investigating the effect of microcredit on microenterprise income in peninsular Malaysia. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 29:122-132.##5- Arifujjaman Khan, M. & Anisur Rahaman, M. (2007). Impact of microfinance on living standards, empowerment and poverty alleviation of poor people: A case study on microfinance in the chittagong district of Bangladesh, Masters thesis, Umeå School of Business (USBE), Department of Business Administration.##6- Ayuub, S. (2013). Impact of microfinance on poverty alleviation: A case study of NRSP in Bahawalpur of Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(1):119-135.##7- Baghaei, M., Chizari, M., Pezeshkirad, Gh. & Hajihashemi. Z. (2007). Hunjan Zarcheshmeh watershed Villagers point of view about the role of the Agricultural Bank in the development of the agricultural sector through the provision of microcredit, the sixth conference of Agricultural Economics. (In Farsi)##8- Bozarjemehri, Kh., Shayan, H. & Behzadi, S. (2011). Evaluation of the impact of micro-credit on development of agriculture, case study: Mohammedia rural district of Ardekan city of Yazd province, the first national conference on geography and rural development planning, 349-364. (In Farsi)##9- Enimil Ashun, F. (2010). Reducing rural poverty through microfinance intervention: A case study of lower pra rural bank limited shama. Dissertation submitted to the institute for development studies, faculty of social sciences, university of cape coast in partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of master of arts degree in human resource management.##10- Fred, P. B. (2009). Accessing micro credit, borrowers’ characteristic and household income in rural areas: case of kasese, A dissertation submitted to the graduate school in partial fulfillment for the award of a master of science accounting and finance degree of makerere university.##11- Hassanzadeh, A., Azvajy, A. & Ghavidel, S. (2006). Effects of microcredit in reducing poverty and income inequality. Islamic economics, 6 (21): 45-68. (In Farsi)##12- Islam, Md. N., Robel, K. H., Adnan, A. M. & Ekram, C.Sh. (2013). Do microcredit programs ameliorate standard of living? Spotlight on major microcredit organizations in Bangladesh. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 5(4): 109-115.##13- Jegede, C. A., Kehinde, J., & Akinlabi, B. H. (2011). Impact of microfinance on poverty alleviation in Nigeria: An empirical investigation. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1): 97-111.##14- Kamal Hossain, M. (2012a). Assessment of social impact of microfinance operations: a study on BRAC. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business, 2(3): 34-44.##15- Kamal Hossain, M. (2012b). Measuring the impact of BRAC microfinance operations: A case study of a village. International Business Research, 5(4): 112-123.##16- Khodamoradi, Sh. (2005). Evaluation of the role of rural women micro-credit fund in the development of educational-promoting activities in the Mazandaran province, the master's thesis of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran. (In Farsi)##17- Moghadas farimani, Sh., Rajabbeigi, M., Ahmadi QabanKandi, A.& Majidazar, M. M. (2007). Villagers tend to rural credit: fund. A Case Study of Tehran.Province. Sixth Conference of Agricultural Economics. (In Farsi)##18- Namjouyan Shirazi. Z. (2015). Ability of micro-credit funds for rural women in entrepreneurship and small business development. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Agriculture, 1(3): 65-82. (In Farsi)##19- Noreen, U., Imran, R., Zaheer, A. & Saif, M. I.. (2012). Impact of microfinance on poverty: A case of Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal. 12(6): 877-883.##20- Olumuyiwa, O. S. & Oluwatosin, O. A.. (2012). Impact of microfinance bank on standard of living of hairdresser in oshodi-isolo local government of lagos state. Journal of umanities and Social Science, 1(4): 26-35.##21- Roknaddin eftekhari, A., Einali, G. & Sagasi gheidari. H. (2006). Evaluation of the effects of micro-credit in agricultural development: Case study grassroots rural cooperatives of Khodabande city. Agricultural Economics and Development, 56: 45-56. (In Farsi)##22- Saad, Md. N. (2010). Achieving human development objectives through microfinance institution: the case of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance, 6(2): 65-78.##23- Saleem, M. A., Zaman, K. U., Khattak, B. Kh., & Qureshi, M. I. (2011). Impact of micro finance in raising the living standard of people of D.I.Khan. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 5(1): 75-83.##24- Teng, S., Prien, S., Mao, N., & Leng, B. (2011). Impacts of micro-credit on household economics. International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development, 2(1): 108-114.##25-Yaghoby, G. (2005). Effects of microcredit on employment of rural women in Zanjan province. Women in Development & Politics, 3(1): 125-146. (In Farsi)##

0 بررسی و مقایسه شاخص های پایداری اکولوژیکی مزارع برنج در مناطق سیروان و چرداول در استان ایلام Investigating Ecological sustainability of Rice Farms in Two Regions of Sirvan and chardavol, Ilam Province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58846.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58846 0 این پژوهش با هدف بررسی و مقایسه شاخصهای پایداری اکولوژیکی مزارع برنج در مناطق سیروان و چرداول استان ایلام و در چارچوب کلی پژوهش‌های پیمایشی به انجام رسیده است. جامعه آماری تعداد 1260 نفر از کشاورزان بودند که تعداد 136 نفر از آنها براساس فرمول کوکران به عنوان نمونه آماری برآورد و با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب با ابزار پرسشنامه مورد مطالعه قرارگرفته‌اند. روایی صوری پرسشنامه با نظرخواهی از کارشناسان موضوع مورد مطالعه تأیید شده است. ضریب آلفای کرونباخ نیز به منظور تشخیص پایایی پرسشنامه‌ 87/0 محاسبه گردیده است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS انجام گرفته است. یافته‌های به دست آمده نشان داد که در منطقه مورد مطالعه وضعیت شاخصهای تبدیل زمینهای کشاورزی به سایر فعالیتها، میزان آب مزارع، استفاده از دیسک، شخم در جهت شیب و ضدعفونی بذر، مطلوب است. در دو منطقه مورد مطالعه وضعیت برگرداندن کاه و کلش بجامانده از محصول به خاک، عمق خاک زراعی، مصرف سموم و کودهای شیمیایی، استفاده از دیسک برای آماده نمودن زمین و مصرف کود دامی متفاوت بوده است. 1 The purpose of this research was to investigating ecological sustainability of Rice Farms in Sirvan and Chardavol regions. Survey method was used for the research. Statistical population of the study were farmers (n-1260), by using stratified proportionate random sampling technique and based on Cochran formula, 136 farmers were selected. Instrument for data gathering was questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by experts' panel. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient has been used in order to determine questionnaire's reliability and it was equal to 0.87. SPSS software has been used for Data analysis. Results showed that some of indices such as: exchange farm lands to other activities, amount of farm water, using disk, status of tillage, and anti bacterial seeds are suitable in these two regions. There were deferences between the two regions on indices such as: returning straw residue from crop to soil, depth of surface soil, use of fertilizers and pesticides, and use of disk for preparing farm and animal fertilizer. 237 248 همایون مرادنژادی homayoon moradnezhadi عضو هیات علمی ایران homayoon.moradnezhadi@yahoo.com کشاورزی پایدار پایداری اکولوژیکی مزارع برنج سیروان چرداول Beshagh, M.R., Taghdisi, A., & Tosi, R. (2012). Evaluation of sustainability parameters in agricultural farms (case study: rural areas of central section in Minodasht county), Journal of research and rural planning, No 2, 113-130, (In Farsi)##Emami, H. (2012). Investigating sustainability of agricultural soils in Karaj Flat, Journal of soil research, 26( 3), 245- 254, (In Farsi)##Ghazvini, M., Veisi, H., Damghani, A. M., Khoshbakht, K., & Neghatian, M. A. (2012). Study of sustainability status in vineyards of Takestan county by using Framework for Evaluation Sustainable Land Management (FESLM), Journal of Agro ecology, Vol 1, No2, 104-115, (In Farsi)##Hosseini, S.J.F, Mohammadi, F., & Mirdamadi, S.M. (2011). Factors influencing the economic aspects of sustainable agriculture in Iran. Applied Science Research, 3(2), 503-512##Karami, A. 1998, Relationship between social- economic factors and technical knowledge and sustainable agriculture among wheat farmers, Proceeding of wheat economic from production to use, Institute of planning research and agriculture economic, Ministry of jehade keshavarzi, 121-157, (In Farsi).##Naderi, M. K. (2002). Investigation of ecological indictors of sustainable agriculture development in Saleh Abad district of Bahar. MSc thesis in agriculture development, University of Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi).##Praneetvatakul, S., Janekarnkij, P. Potchanasin, C. & Prayoonwong, K. (2001). Assessing the sustainability of agriculture, A case of Mae Chaem Catchment, Northern Thailand, Environment International, 27, 103–109.##Pretty, J., (2002). Agri-Culture: Reconnecting People, Land and Nature. Earthscan Publication Limited, London.##Rasul, G., & Thapa, G. B. (2004), Sustainability of ecological and conventional agricultural systems in Bangladesh: An assessment based on environmental, economic and social perspectives, Agricultural Systems. (79), 327–351.##Regmi, P.P., & Weber, K.E. (2000) Problems to agricultural sustainability in developing countries and a potential solution: diversity. International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 27 No. 7/8/9/10, 2000, pp. 788-801.##Sadeghzade, M. Allahyari, M. S. Ansari, M. H. & Nezhadrezai, N. (2014). Sustainability Analysis of Rice farms in Rasht county whit use of sustainable livelihood approach, Journal of Agricultural Economics Research, Vol 6, No 4, 55-70 (in Farsi)## Saifi, B. & Drake, L. (2008). A co evolutionary model for promoting agricultural sustainability. Ecological Economics, 65: 24-34##Theodore, R. K. et al., 2001, Sustainability of Diversified Farms in Tambiraaparani River Command area, Southern India, Agricultural Research & Extension Network##Vahedi, M., Hosseini, S. M., Farajolahhosseini, S. J., & Mirdamadi, M. (2009). Investigating viewpoints of Nazarabad county farmers about subjective indices of sustainable agriculture in the farm household level, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research . Vol.40, No. 2, 123-133 (In Farsi).##Zhen, L. & Routray, J. K. (2003). Operational indicators for measuring agricultural sustainability in developing countries. Environment Management, 32:34-46##Zhen, L., Routray, J. K., Zoebisch, M. A., Chen, G., Xie, G. & Cheng, S. (2005). Three dimensions of sustainability of farming practices in the North China Plain: A case study from Ningjin County of Shandong Province, PR China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 105, 507–522. Retrived from www.elsevier.com/locate/agee##

0 مطالعه نیازهای آموزشی گلخانه داران شهرستان ورامین با اقتباس از مدل بوریچ Assessing Training needs of greenhouse owners in Varamin County, Using Bourich model https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58847.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58847 0 هدف این تحقیق بررسی نیازهای آموزشی گلخانه داران شهرستان ورامین بود. این تحقیق از نوع توصیفی- همبستگی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق را گلخانه داران کشت خیار شهرستان ورامین تشکیل دادند (504=N) و مطابق فرمول کوکران 120 نمونه تعیین گردید که پس از توزیع پرسشنامه، تعداد 116 پرسشنامه صحیح جمعآوری و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. به منظور سنجش میزان روایی ابزار تحقیق، پرسش نامه در اختیار استادان راهنما و مشاور قرار گرفت که پس از انجام بررسیهای لازم و جمع آوری نظرات و اعمال اصلاحات مورد نظر، روایی پرسش نامه مذکور تأیید شد. پایایی پرسشنامه نیز با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ (در بازه 77/0-83/0) به دست آمد. برای ارزیابی نیازهای آموزشی گلخانه داران با اقتباس از مدل ارزیابی نیازهای آموزشی بوریچ استفاده شد. بدین منظور، 13 صلاحیت دانشی که از مرور ادبیات تحقیق حاصل شده بود با توجه به «میانگین وزنی نمرات تفاوت» برای گلخانه داران رتبه بندی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که موضوعاتی مانند آگاهی از غرقاب کردن گلخانه، شناخت ارقام مقاوم متناسب با شرایط آب و هوایی منطقه، شناخت مناسبترین میزان اسیدیته و یا قلیایی خاک برای کاشت، آگاهی از کاشت درخت به عنوان بادشکن در اطراف گلخانه جهت کاهش مصرف سوخت، دانش در زمینه غلظت دی اکسید کربن در گلخانه و آگاهی در رابطه با میزان آب مصرفی و دفعات آبیاری به عنوان مهمترین نیازهای آموزشی گلخانه داران شهرستان ورامین مطرح بودند. نتایج رگرسیون نیز نشان داد 2 متغیر میزان تحصیلات و سن گلخانه داران 49% واریانس نیازآموزشی آنها را تبیین میکنند. 1 The aim of this study was to assess training needs of greenhouse owners in Varamin County. The population of this descriptive correlation study consisted cucumber greenhouse owners in Varamin County (N=504), in which 120 samples were selected according to Cochran formula. Amongst, 116 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinions of the supervisor and advisor, and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach alpha coefficient (.77-.83). The results revealed that awareness of flooding greenhouse, identifying resistant varieties suited to the climatic conditions of the region, proper recognition of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil for planting, awareness of planting trees as barriers around the house to reduce fuel consumption, knowledge of the concentration of carbon dioxide in greenhouse and information on the amount and frequency of irrigation water were the most important training needs of greenhouse owners. Regression results showed that 2 variables including: greenhouse owners’ level of education and age explained 49 % of variance of training needs. 249 258 محمد صادق صبوری mohammad sabouri عضو هیات علمی ومعاونت پژوهش دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرمسار ایران sabouri5413@yahoo.com داود ثمری - - عضوهیات علمی واحدگرمسار ایران dr.samari@yahoo.com مریم درستی زاده - - دانش آموخته دانشگاه آزاداسلامی واحدگرمسار ایران ma_dorostizade@yahoo.com "آموزش" "نیاز آموزشی" "مدل بوریچ" "گلخانه داران" "شهرستان ورامین" Bourich, G. D. (1980), A needs assessment model for conducting follow-up studies. The Journal of Teacher Education, 31 (3): 39-42.##Charmchiyan. L.M. (2005), the relationship between educational needs and Features Silkworm in Gilan, Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 12(4).754-766. ##Conklin, l. N., L. L. Hook, J. B. Kelbaugh, & D. R. Nieto. (2003). Identifying needs of extension personnel: A comprehensive model. Proceedings of the19th .150-158.##Ekanem, E., S. P. Singh, Muhammad, S., Tegegne, F. & Ameneyenu A. (2001), Differences in district extension leaders’ perceptions of the problems and needs of Tennessee small farmers, Journal of Extension, 39(4): 79-90.##Ford, C. (2005), Educational priorities of small farmers in West Tennesssee, Journal of Agricultural Education, 36. (1): 31-37.##Latimer, J., Scoggins, H., Barden, V., & Lambur, M. (2002). Needs assessment survey of the Virginia greenhouse industry. Virginia: Polytechnic Institute and State University, 24061-0402.##Mattson, N. (2008), Needs assessment survey of the New York state greenhouse industry?, New York: Department of horticulture plant science building .Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853.3.Num1.45-56.##Ommani, A. R., & Chizari, M. (2005), A educational needs assessment of low input sustainable agriculture (LISA) practices for wheat farmers in Khouzestan province of Iran, Proceedings of the 21th Annual Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education Conference. San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A 14, (3), 18-31. Retrieved from http://www.aiaee.org/2005/Posters/P028.pdf##Panahi, F. (2010), Determine the educational needs of apple gardeners: A Case Study Eghlid city, Fars province, Journal of Agricultural Extension and Education. 3(1).57-70 .(In Farsi)Pezeshki-Rad, G. (2008), assessing the professional educational needs of agriculture instructors of agricultural training centers of Mazandaran and Golestan provinces using Borich model, Journal of agricultural economics and development research. 39(1):55-62.(In Farsi)##10. Sabouri,M.S. & Minaei,A.H.(2009), Greenhouse growers classify the training needs of city Branch of the view Agricultural greenhouse owners and experts, Journal of Agricultural Research, Extension and Education ,2 (3),33-48 .(In Farsi)##11. Sabouri, M.S &Ommani,A.R.(2010). Farmers training needs analysis from the perspective of agricultural extension experts on Semnan province. Agricultural Research, Journal of Extension and Education. Agricultural Research, Extension and Education, 3 (1), 45-56 .(In Farsi)##12. Suvedi M., Jeong E., Coombs J., (2010), Education Needs of Michigan Farmers, Journal of extension,48 ,(3), 1-11. ##13. Simpson. P. A., Greller, M. M., & Strosh, T. K. (2002), Variations in human capital investment activity by age, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61,(1), 109-138.##14. Tabarraei, M. (2006),Educational Needs of Khorasan Wheat fields of sustainable agriculture, Journal of Agricultural Industries. Vol.20.Num1.91-101 .(In Farsi)##-Zarafshani, K. Agahi, H. & khaledi, Kh. (2011), The educational requirement of the women of Sanghor,s Ghomam villag (based on Borich and Quadrant model), Journal of woman in development and policy. 9, (1), 165-185,(In Farsi)##

0 ارزش گذاری اقتصادی آب در بخش کشاورزی با رویکرد زیست محیطی Economic valuation of agricultural water with Environmental Restriction (Case Study of Lishter plain) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_58848.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2016.58848 0 در این مطالعه به منظور تعیین قیمت آب کشاورزی در منطقه لیشتر،ضمن برآورد الگوی بهینه کشت، اهداف زیست محیطی و اهداف کشاورزان شامل افزایش بازده ناخالص (درآمد) و ریسک مورد نظر قرار گرفت. دادههای مورد استفاده شامل الگوی تولید و استفاده از نهادهها و قیمت هر یک از آنها از میان بهرهبرداران منتخب که بطور تصادفی انتخاب شدند به دست آمد. با توجه به این که بطور توأم چند هدف مورد بررسی قرار گرفت؛ لذا، از رهیافت برنامهریزی چندهدفی استفاده شد. در تدوین الگوی ریسک نیز از بازده ناخالص سالانه دوره 91-1372 محصولات در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد استفاده گردید. در این تحقیق ضمن برآورد بازده برنامهای کشت بهینه، محدودیت منابع آب در سطوح 50 ، 60 و70 درصد در برنامه لحاظ گردید که ارزش اقتصادی آب در این سطوح محدودیت به ترتیب برابر با 250 ریال ، 1500 ریال و 3050 ریال تعیین گردید. 1 In this study, to determine the price paid for water in Lishter plain, the environmental objectives include reducing water use, fertilizer and chemical pesticides aims at increasing the gross margin (revenue) and gross margin was risk or variance were considered. The data used including: the pattern of production, inputs and price of them, among randomly selected beneficiaries. In this study multigoal planning approach was used. In designing risk model, the annual gross margin period risk of Kohgiloyeh and BoyerAhmad province in 1998-2013 was used. In this study, yield of optimal cultivation was estimated and limited water resources in the 50, 60 and 70% was included in the program, which economic value of water were equal to £ 250, £ 1500 and £ 3050 respectively. 259 269 یعقوب زراعت کیش - - هیات علمی ایران drzeraatkish@gmail.com "برنامه ریزی چند هدفه" "بهره برداران ریسک" " زیست محیطی" , d. & Jvanshah, Â. (2007). To investigate the possibility of using new methods of supply and demand for water in agriculture, The Case of the city of Rafsanjan Pistachio, Research and development in agriculture and horticulture, 126(75): 20-113. (In Farsi).##Abrishamchi, A., Ebrahimian, A., Tajrishi, M. & Marine, M.A. (2005). Case study, application of multiple criteria decision making to urban water supply, Journal Of Water Resource Plant Management, 131(4): 326-335. (In Farsi). ##Agricultural Research Center (2012). Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad.##Amirnejad, H. & Bahmanpori, S, )2013(. Incorporating Environmental and Economic objectives of farmers in optimum cultivation, the case study of Fars Beisa. Agricultural Economic Research Journal, 5(2). ##Francisco, S. R & Mubarik, A. (2006). Resource allocation tradeoffs in Manila's peri-urban vegetable production systems: An application of multiple objective programming. Agricultural System, 87, 147–168. ##Han, Y., Huang, G., Wang, Q. & Maqsood, I. (2011). A multi objective linear programming model with interval parameters for water resources allocation in Dalian city, Water Resource Manage, 25: 449-463##Jehad Keshavarzi (2011). Kohgoloyeh and BoyerAhmad, Report of water.##Kjaersgoard, J. & Andersen, J.L., (2003). Multi-objective management in fisheries: The case of the Danish industrial fishery in the North Sea. Research Report no. lbo, Danish Research Institute of food Economics.##Kupusovic, T., Midzic, S., Silajdzic, I. & Bjelavac, J. (2007). Cleaner production measures in small-scale slaughterhouse industry: case study in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of cleaner production. 15(4): 278-383. (In Farsi). ##10. Mohsenpour . & Zibaey, M., (2000). determine the optimal cropping pattern in the area under the drodzan using nonlinear programming and deficit irrigation strategies, Journal of Economics and Development, (17)71 . (In Farsi).##11. Rahnama,A., Kohansal,M.V. & dorandish, A. (2011). The estimated economic value of agricultural water use positive planning approaches in city of Ghochan. No 4:130-150.##12. Regional Water Company of kohgiloyeh & Boyer Ahmad, 2012.##13. Shahraki, J. & Mohseni, S. (2012). Multi-criteria decision of balance in the allocation of water resources, Case Study of Yazd. Quarterly Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering, 3(12), . (In Farsi).##Shirzadi, S, & Sabohi, M. (2008). The use of multi-objective planning, the management of groundwater and surface water resources of savojbelagh city, Agricultural Economic Journal, (2)3, 83-89. (In Farsi).##