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0 شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر امنیت غذایی خانوارهای شهری و روستایی ایران Identifying effective factors on food security of Iranian's rural and urban household https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55514.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55514 0 امنیت غذایی، نخستین اصل برای حفظ سلامت جامعه است تا افراد در زمینة توسعة سیاسی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی ایفای نقش کنند؛ بنابراین، بررسی وضعیت امنیت غذایی جامعه و شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر آن اهمیت بسزایی دارد تا بتوان راهکارهای سیاستی و حمایتی مناسبی برای بهبود وضعیت تغذیة اقشار ضعیف جامعه ارائه کرد. در پژوهش حاضر، عوامل مؤثر بر امنیت غذایی خانوارهای شهری و روستایی کشور، با استفاده از اطلاعات هزینه- درآمد خانوار و کاربرد مدل لوجستیک، شناسایی و ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان داد در هر دو مدل شهری و روستایی، متغیرهای تعداد اعضای خانوار و تعداد سرپرست­های باسواد و مشغول­به­تحصیل خانوار، اثر منفی و معناداری بر امنیت غذایی دارند. همچنین، در مدل روستایی، تحصیلات دانشگاهی به افزایش آگاهی سرپرست خانوار از کیفیت مواد غذایی و بهبود وضعیت امنیت غذایی منجر می‌شود، اما این متغیر در مدل شهری، اثری منفی بر امنیت غذایی دارد. کشش متغیر درآمد خانوار در مدل شهری (03/0) کمتر از مدل روستایی (102/0) است که اهمیت و جایگاه سیاست‌های درآمدی در مناطق روستایی را به‌منظور حمایت از خانوارهای کم‌درآمد و بهبود امنیت غذایی نشان می‌دهد. در مناطق شهری نیز کشش پایین درآمدی در احتمال بهبود امنیت غذایی خانوار نشان می‌دهد ارتقای دانش تغذیه و کاربرد صحیح مواد غذایی، در مقایسه با افزایش درآمد خانوار شهری، اهمیت بیشتری دارد. همچنین، بررسی سهم درآمدهای کشاورزی نشان می‌دهد اهمیت این متغیر در مناطق روستایی بیش از مناطق شهری است و بخش مهمی از تأمین امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی را شامل می‌شود. 1 Food security is the first element for people's health in the society, for they can play their role in development of policy, economy, society and culture. Therefore checking a society's food security and determination of effective factors on it to offer political solutions for improvement of nutrition and food of low income families is essential. In the recent study by using the Expenditure- Income Information of family and the usage of logistics model, the effective factors on food security of urban and rural families were distinguished. The results showed that in both urban and rural model, the variables such as number of family members, educated members, and being studying of family head has a negative and significant effect on food security. Although in rural model upper education leads to increasing the information of family head about the quality of food and the status of food security but this factor in urban model has negative effect on food security. Income elasticity in urban families is (0.03) less than the rural model (0.102) that this shows the security and placement of political income in rural places for the support of low income families and improving of their food condition. In cities it is shown that by improving the food knowledge and by using food stuffs correctly we get that these things are more important than the increase of their salary. 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0 رابطه بین سبک یادگیری، ویژگی های شخصیتی و پیشرفت تحصیلی دانشجویان کشاورزی Relation between learning style, personality traits and academic performance among agricultural students https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55515.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55515 0 هدف این پژوهش، بررسی رابطة بین سبک یادگیری، ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و پیشرفت‌ تحصیلی دانشجویان کشاورزی است. جامعة آماری این تحقیق، شامل دانشجویان پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران (3859 نفر) است، اما با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، حجم نمونه 297 نفر تعیین شد. ابزار پژوهش، پرسشنامه‌های استانداردشدة سبک یادگیری Kolb (LSI) و ویژگی‌های شخصیتی (NEO-FFI) است که تحقیقات متعدد، روایی آن را تأیید کردند. برای تعیین میزان پایایی بخش‌های مختلف، از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد (73/0 تا 93/0). براساس نتایج، بین متغیر پیشرفت‌ تحصیلی، متغیرهای ویژگی‌های شخصیتی (برون‌گرایی، دلپذیربودن، باوجدان‌بودن و انعطاف‌پذیربودن) و سبک یادگیری دانشجویان رابطة معنی‌دار وجود دارد. نتیجة رگرسیون چندگانه نشان داد بیشترین عوامل تأثیرگذار بر متغیر پیشرفت تحصیلی به‌ترتیب، متغیرهای انعطاف‌پذیربودن، تجربة عینی و آزمایشگری فعال است. 1 The purpose of this study was to investigate relation between learning style, personality traits and academic performance among students of University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran. All the students of the university college of agriculture in the university of Tehran were (N= 3859). Out of them 297 students were selected through Proportional Stratified-randomization method (n=297). The instruments of research were standard inventories, Kolb Learning Style (LSI) and personality traits (NEO- FFI), a wide variety of researches confirm the validity of it and Cranach's Alpha computed to measure reliability of the items of learning style and personality traits that it was between 0.73 and 0.93. Data is analyzed by SPSS: win program. According to research,there is significant correlation between learning style, personality traits and academic performance. 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0 تحلیل مشکلات آلبالوکاران در زمینة تولید، بازاریابی و دسترسی به خدمات ترویجی در شهرستان خمینی‌شهر Analysis of cherry producers' difficulties in production, marketing and accessing extension services in Khomeinishahr county https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55516.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55516 0 تحقیق حاضر با هدف تحلیل مشکلات آلبالوکاران در زمینة تولید، بازاریابی و دسترسی به خدمات ترویجی در شهرستان خمینی‌شهر، به­روش پیمایشی انجام گرفت. جامعة آماری این تحقیق شامل 200 نفر از آلبالوکاران شهرستان خمینی‌شهر است که براساس فرمول کوکران، 70 نفر به‌عنوان حجم نمونه تعیین و با روش نمونه‌گیری سادة تصادفی انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه است که اعتبار صوری و محتوایی آن، توسط استادان و متخصصان ذی‌ربط تأیید شد. برای سنجش میزان پایایی پرسشنامه از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد که به‌ترتیب مقادیر به‌دست‌آمده برای بخش‌های تولید (79/0=α)، بازاریابی (81/0=α) و ترویج و آموزش (71/0=α) بیانگر مناسب‌بودن ابزار تحقیق است. پرسشنامه در دو بخش ویژگی‌های فردی و حرفه‌ای کشاورزان و مشکلات تولید، بازاریابی و ترویج و آموزش آلبالو طراحی شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. براساس نتایج اولویت‌بندی، نبود مهارت فنی در زمینة تولید، وجود واسطه‌ها در زمینة عرضة آلبالو و نبود مشارکت اعضای خانواده در زمینه‌های مختلف تولید، به‌ترتیب مهم‌ترین مشکلات در زمینة تولید، بازاریابی و ترویج و آموزش از نظر آلبالوکاران است. 1 The main purpose of this survey study was to analysis of Cherry Producers' difficulties in production, marketing and accessing extension services in Khomeinishahr county. The statistical population of this study consisted of 200 Cherry producers of Khomeinishahr that 70 of them were chosen as statistical sample by applying simple random sampling and Cochran formula. The data were collected by questionnaire which its face and content validity was approved by a panel of experts. To measure the reliability of the questionnaire Cronbach's alpha coefficient was applied which for the production, marketing and extension and education parts was respectively, 0.79, 0.81, 0.71 that showed that research instrument was appropriate. Questionnaire was designed in two parts. The first part addressed personal and professional characteristics of farmers and the second, barriers and difficulties of cultivation and production, marketing and extension and education of cherry. SPSS software was used to analyze the gathered data. Based on the results of prioritization, Lack of technical skills in producing, intermediaries in the supply of cherry and disaffiliation of family members in various production steps were most significant Barriers of production, marketing, extension and education of cherry production in farmers opinion. 417 426 رسول لوایی آدریانی Rasoul Lavaei Adriani دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه تهران ایران lavaeirasool68@gmail.com علی امیری Ali Amiri دانشجوی کارشناسی ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران aliamiri69@ut.ac.ir سعدی فتح الهی گلام بحری Saadi Fathoolahi Golam Bahri دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه تهران ایران sfathollahi68@yahoo.com خلیل کلانتری Khalil Kalantari استاد دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران khkalan@ut.ac.ir آلبالوکاران بازاریابی ترویج و آموزش تولید خمینی‌شهر Dahankar, G. H. Lallan, R. Bharadwaj, D. B. Nafees, A. (2002). Extension Issues in Informal Marketing. Agricultural Marketing Journal.##Dixie, G. (2005). Marketing Extention Guige 5: Horticultural Marketing.##FAO STAT. (2009). Available at: http:// faostat.fao.org/site/567/Desktop Default.aspx? page ID=567#ancor.##Iezzoni, A. Schmidt, H. and Albertini, A. (1990). Cherries(prunus). Acta Horticulturae190, 111-173.##Looney, N. E. (1985). Benefits of calcium sprays below expectations in B. C. tests. Good fruit Grower 36(10), 7-8.##Mick, W. C. and Mitchell, F.G. (1972). Handling sweet cherries for the Fresh Market. Circular 560. University of California, Davis, 18pp.##Rust, Ch. H. (1996). Attitude AS a Function of Marketing for Farmers and Ranchers.## Shepherd, A.W. (2003). Marketing Extension Guides3: Market Research for Agriprocessors. F.A.O. From: http://www.fao.org/.##Sigal, J. (1999). Constraint analysis of Sugar beet main problems. Article Agricultural. NO. 3.##Tantray, A. & Rakish. N. (1991). Constraints in increasing rice production. Indian Journal of extension education. VOL. XXVII. NO.1 & 2.##Wright, E. N. and Brough, T. (1966). Bird damage to fruit. In: synge, P. M. and Napier, E. (eds)Fruit present and Future. RHS/Bles,pp.168-180.##

0 عوامل مؤثر بر نگرش مصرف‏‏کنندگان به محصولات غذایی تراریخته (مورد مطالعه: شهرستان قزوین) Factors Affecting Consumer Attitudes towards Genetically Modified (GM) Crops (Case study: Qazvin County) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55517.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55517 0 امروزه نظام‌های تولیدی کشاورزی برای پاسخگویی به نیاز روزافزون غذا در جهان، با کاربرد فناوری‌های نوین به تولید محصولات تراریخته اقدام کرده‌اند، اما علی‌رغم اهمیت این محصولات در بهبود امنیت غذایی و دستیابی به توسعة پایدار، هنوز پذیرش آن‌ها مورد تردید است. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف اصلی بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر نگرش مصرف‌کنندگان شهرستان قزوین به محصولات غذایی تراریخته انجام گرفت. جامعة آماری پژوهش، شامل خانوارهای مصرف‌کنندة محصولات غذایی تراریخته در شهرستان قزوین بود که 239 نفر از آن‌ها با روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس بررسی شدند. ابزار اصلی پژوهش، پرسشنامه است که روایی آن از طریق گروهی از متخصصان و پایایی آن با محاسبة ضریب آلفای کرونباخ بررسی شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با نرم‌افزارهای LISREL 8.80 و SPSS Win 21 انجام گرفت. براساس نتایج تحلیل عاملی تأییدی، اعتبار مدل اندازه‌گیری نگرش به محصولات غذایی تراریخته در جامعة آماری مورد مطالعه تأیید شد. براساس نتایج، بیشتر پاسخگویان (57 درصد) به محصولات غذایی تراریخته نگرش ویژه‌ای ندارند و مانند سایر محصولات با آن رفتار می‌کنند. نتایج مقایسة میانگین‌ها نشان داد که بین نگرش پاسخگویان به محصولات غذایی تراریخته براساس متغیرهای جنسیت، وضعیت تأهل، وضعیت اشتغال و محل زندگی، اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود دارد. علاوه‌براین، نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه به روش گام‌به‌گام نشان داد متغیرهای خرید مواد غذایی ارگانیک، اعتماد به مؤسسه‌های بیوتکنولوژی، دانش دربارة محصولات تراریخته، بررسی اطلاعات مواد غذایی، درآمد سالیانه و سن پاسخگویان، 6/84 درصد از تغییرات واریانس متغیر نگرش به محصولات غذایی تراریخته در بین افراد مورد مطالعه را تبیین می­کنند. نتایج این مطالعه، دستاوردهای مناسبی برای ترویج و توسعة محصولات غذایی تراریخته در کشور به‌همراه دارد. 1 Nowadays Agricultural productive systems With the use of modern technology to produce transgenic crops have attempt to supply the additional needs of food in the word, but despite of the importance of this crops in improvement of food security and access to sustainable development, their reception is still disputed. In this way, the main purpose of this study was investigating the factors affecting consumer attitude towards GM crops in Qazvin County. The statistical population of this study consists of all consumers of GM food crops in Qazvin County that 239 person were selected by available sample method for the study. The main instrument of this study was questionnaire that it’s validity confirmed by panel of experts and its reliability confirmed by calculating of Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.92).Collected data were analyzed by SPSSWin21 and LISREL8.80 software. The measurement model of the attitude toward GM food crops, were confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that most respondents' attitudes towards GM food crops were in the neutral range and people were handled with GM crops like the other products. The result of mean comparison indicated that there is significant difference between respondents' attitudes towards GM food crops base on research variable such as sex, marital status, employment status and residence. Moreover, the result of stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that " buying Organic food", "trust in institutions", "knowledge about GM crops", "reading food labels", "annual income" and "age" are variables that can explain 84.6 % of the variance of dependent variable (attitudes towards GM food crops).The findings of this study will have application for policymakers to promote the development of GM food crops in the country. 427 438 فرشته غیاثوند غیاثی Fereshteh Ghiasvand Ghiasi استادیار دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تاکستان ایران ghiasvand_fereshteh@yahoo.com علی‌اصغر میرک‌زاده Ali Asghar Mirak Zadeh استادیار گروه ترویج و توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه رازی ایران نعمت‌اله شیری Nematollah Shiri دانشجوی دکتری گروه ترویج و توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه رازی ایران اصلاح ژنتیکی بیوتکنولوژی شهرستان قزوین کشاورزی مدرن Ajzen, I. 1991. The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2): 179- 211.##Arbuckle, J. L. 1999. 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F., Lin, Y. P. & Cheng, T. J. 2013.Public attitudes toward nanotechnology applications in Taiwan.Technovation, 33, 88-96.##FAO. 2004. The State of Food and Agriculture 2003–04. Agricultural biotechnology. Meeting the needs of the poor? Rome: FAO.##FAO. 2009. How to Feed the World 2050. The Special Challenge for Sub-Saharan Africa.High Expert Forum, October 12–13, Rome, Italy.http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/ templates/wsfs/docs/Issues_papers/HLEF2050_Africa.pdf##Gangadharappa, H. V., Pramod, K.T.M., & Shiva, K.H.G. 2007. Gastric floating drug delivery systems: a review. Indian J. Pharm. Ed. Res. 41, 295-305.##Ghareyazie, B. 2009.Summary of global situation transgenic crops in 2008. Iranian Biosafty Newsletter, 1(1): 18- 20.##Han, J. H. 2006. The effects of perception on consumer acceptance of genetically modified (GM) foods. A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty of the Louisiana state University and agricultural and mechanical college in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of philosophy in the department of agricultural economics and agribusiness.##Huang, J., Qiu, H., Bai, J. & Pray, C. 2006. Awareness, acceptance of and willingness to buy genetically modified foods in Urban China. Appetite, 46, 144-151.##James, C. 2009. Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops 2009. ISAAA Brief no. 41. Ithaca, NY: ISAAA.##Kikulwe,E. M., Wesseler, J. & Zepeda, J. F. 2011. Attitudes, perceptions and trust. Insights from a consumer survey regarding genetically modified banana in Uganda. Appeite, 57, 401-413.##Kimenju, S. C., & De Groote, H. 2008. Consumer willingness to pay for genetically modified food in Kenya. Agricultural Economics, 38(1), 35–46.##Moll, N. 2008. Economically, ecologically and socially sustainable agriculture: the role of GMOs. 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0 پدیدارشناسی ادراک کشاورزان از خشکسالی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان سرپل ذهاب) Phenomenology of perception’s farmers from drought (Case study: Sarepol-e-Zahab City) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55518.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55518 0 ایران با متوسط بارش سالانة کمتر از یک‌سوم میانگین جهانی، در یکی از مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک جهان واقع شده و همواره در معرض خشکسالی است و هرچند سال یک‌بار با آن دست‌وپنجه نرم می‌کند. هدف کلی این تحقیق کیفی- که به روش پدیدارشناسی انجام گرفته است- بررسی مفهوم خشکسالی از دیدگاه کشاورزان است. جامعة آماری شامل روستاییان شهرستان سرپل ذهاب است که بیشترین خشکسالی را تجربه کرده­اند. افراد مطلع، به­روش گلوله­برفی و داده‌ها به­روش مصاحبة عمیق و مشاهدة مستقیم جمع‌آوری شدند و در کنار این دو روش، از عکس و اسناد کتابخانه‌ای نیز استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها براساس الگوی کلایزی انجام گرفت. مطابق نتایج، کشاورزان درک متفاوتی از خشکسالی دارند، به‌گونه‌ای‌که بعضی از شرکت‌کنندگان در تحقیق، تقدیرگرا هستند و خشکسالی را به خدا نسبت می‌دهند و گروهی دیگر، تغییرات آب­وهوایی را عامل خشکسالی معرفی می­کنند. همچنین، بعضی از شرکت‌کنندگان در تحقیق، رفتار خود را عامل خشکسالی معرفی می­کنند. بنابر اظهارات گروهی از کشاورزان، ناسپاسی آن‌ها و بدرفتاری و بی‌رحمی آن‌ها با یکدیگر موجب بروز خشکسالی شده است و عده‌ای دیگر بروز خشکسالی‌ را به بخت و اقبال شوم خود نسبت می‌دهند. با توجه به این نگرش­ها پیشنهاد می‌شود تدابیری اتخاذ شود تا با برگزاری کلاس‌های آموزشی و ارائة آموزش‌های لازم و انتقال دانش و آگاهی به کشاورزان در زمینة علل وقوع خشکسالی و مدیریت آن، کشاورزان روش‌های صحیح مقابله با خشکسالی را فراگیرند. 1 The country of Iran, with an average annual rainfall of less than one-third of the world average, is located in arid and semiarid regions and has always been prone to drought conditions and also is confronted every few years with it. The overall aim of this qualitative study, carried out by phenomenological method, was conducted to investigate the views of farmers and drought identifies behaviors in dealing with it. In this study, the rural society of Sarpol-e-zehab as most experienced drought, were chosen. Notified cases were identified using a snowball. Data from this study were collected using in-depth interviews and direct observation beside the use of photographs, internet and libraries. Data analysis was based on collaizzi pattern. Based on the results, farmers' perceptions of drought were different, as a kind of fatalism, some participants attributed the drought to God and others believed that climate change causes by drought. It was found that some of the participants introduced their behaviors drought agent. According to the farmers drought has been caused for their own behavior and their own abuse and cruelty to each other and theirattitude. Some other look at drought as a reflect of their bad chance. Therefore, it is recommended that measures be taken with classes the necessary training and provide training and transfer of knowledge to farmers about the causes and management of drought. 439 456 مصیب غلامی Mosayed Gholami دانشجوی دکتری گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی ایران gholami.mosayeb@gmail.com امیرحسین علی بیگی Amir Hossein Alibaygi دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی ایران baygi1@gmail.com مسلم سواری Moslem Savari دانشجوی دکتری توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران moslem_savari@yahoo.com ادراک پدیدارشناسی خشکسالی سرپل ذهاب Adibhajbagheri, M. Parvizi, S, Salsali, M (2007). Qualitative research methods. First Edition, Tehran, Publishing and promoting the noble. (In Farsi).##Askarizadeh, S, M. Behkyafar, A. Zabol abasi, F. Malbusi, SH (2008). Zoning drought severity index using the percentage of normal (PI) and deciles (DC) in Khorasan Razavi. Journal of Geographical perspective, Vol, 7. (In Farsi).##Amirkhani, S. Chizari, M (2009). Factors affecting the management of Wheat Drought in Varamin city. Congress Sciences and Natural Resources Conference of Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education. Pp: 107- 118. (In Farsi).##Babaei, M, H (2012). Identify the effect of dust on agriculture and environmental management strategies. Master's thesis, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Razi University.##Berduai, M (2003). Understanding the factors that cause drought. Farm, Vol, 51, Pp: 12-14. (In Farsi).##Burns N, Grove S (2005). The practice of nursing research, conduct, critique and utilization. Philadelphia. B. Saunders; P747.##Cunha, L.V.D., Vlachos & V. Yevjevich (1983). Drought environment and society. In: Yevjevich, V., Cunha, L.V.D. & Vlachos, E. Coping with droughts. USA: Water Resource Publications.##Dessai. S & Sims. C (2010). Public perception of drought and climate change in southeast England, environmental hazard 9. 340–357.##Diggs, David M (1991) "Drought Experience and Perception of Climatic Change among Great Plains Farmers". Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences. Paper 1. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/1.##Fatemi, M. Karami, A (2010). The study analyzed the causes and effects of drought. Journal of extention and education agricultural of iran. Vol: 6 (2). (In Farsi).##Glwadys.A (2009). Understanding Farmers' Perceptions and Adaptations to Climate Change and Variability, the Case of the Limpopo Basin, South Africa. Environment and Production Technology Division, IFPRI Discussion Paper 00849.##Heathcoat, R. L. (1980) "Perception of desertification on the southern Great Plains: a preliminary enquiry," ch. 3 in Perception of Desertification. Tokyo, Japan: U.N. Univ.##Habiba U, Shaw. R, Takeuchi, Y (2012).Farmer’s perception and adaptation practices to cope with drought: Perspectives from Northwestern Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2012.05.004##Jordan, terry g., and row tree, Lester. 1976. The human mosaic; a thematic introduction to cultural geography. Harper and row publishers, Inc., New York, USA.##Kinsey, B., Burger, K. & Gunning, J. W (1998). Coping with drought in Zimbabwe: survey evidence on responses of rural households to risk, World Development, 26(1): 89-110.##Khazanedari, L, Zabolabasi, F. Qandehari, Sh, Kohi, M, Malbosi, Sh (2009). Perspective of the drought situation in Iran over the next thirty years. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, Vol, 12, Pp: 83- 98. (In Farsi).##Mortazvi, Sh (2001). The application of environmental psychology. Tehran, University Shahid beheshti. (In Farsi).##Management of Agriculture Sarepol-e-zahab (2011). (In Farsi).##Niles. M.T., Lubell. 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(In Farsi).##Zarafshani, K., sharafi,L.  (2012). study of strategies  drought management  of wheat farmers in the city of Kermanshah. Research projects of Razi University.##

0 شناسایی عوامل موثر بر صادرات محصولات صنایع غذایی استان خراسان رضوی : رویکرد دلفی فازی Identify the factors affecting export of food industry products in Khorasan Razavi provience: Fuzzy Delphi approach https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55519.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55519 0 صنایع غذایی علاوه‌بر نقش مهم در اقتصاد داخلی و امنیت غذایی، تأثیر بسزایی در روند صادرات غیرنفتی دارند؛ بنابراین، در این مطالعه، عوامل مؤثر بر صادرات محصولات صنایع غذایی استان خراسان رضوی، از طریق بررسی مطالعات پیشین و مصاحبة حضوری با شصت نفر از خبرگان صادرات این محصولات شناسایی شد. این عوامل به‌صورت همگن در پنج گروه اصلی شامل عوامل کلان اقتصادی، تجاری و بازار، فنی و تخصصی، مالی و اعتباری و فرایند مبادله قرار گرفتند. سپس با تکمیل پرسشنامه، برای اولویت‌بندی عوامل مؤثر در هر گروه از روش دلفی فازیاستفاده شد. نتایج نشان می­دهد براساس نگرش خبرگان، ثبات نرخ ارز، روابط تجاری بین‌المللی، بازاریابی و تحقیق و توسعه، تسهیلات بانکی، مقررات و استانداردهای کیفی و بهداشتی، اولویت نخست را در هر گروه دارند. 1 Food Industry has an important impact on domestic economy and food security. Moreover, food export can have a significant impact on non-oil exports. So, this study aims to identify and prioritization of factors affecting the export of food industry products in Khorasan Razavi province. For this purpose, based on experts’ views and review of previous studies, the factors were classified into five main groups; macro economic, business and market, technical, financial and credit and the exchange process factors. Then, interviewed with sixty experts and after that the Fuzzy Delphi method was used for prioritization of these factors. The results showed that the stability of exchange rates, international trade, marketing and research and development (R&D), banking facilities, sanitary regulations and quality standards, have the highest priorities in each groups. 457 467 اعظم نجاتیان پور Azam Nejatian Pour کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز ایران nejatianpour84@gmail.com عبدالکریم اسماعیلی Abdolkarim Esmaeili استاد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز ایران esmaeili68@yahoo.com استان خراسان رضوی روش دلفی فازی صادرات محصولات صنایع غذایی Chen, M., Wang, S. (2010). The use of a hybrid fuzzy-Delphi-AHP approach to develop global businessintelligence for information service firms. Expert Systems with Applications, 37, 7394–7407.##Cheng, C., Lin, Y. (2002). Evaluation the Best Main Battle Tank Using Fuzzy Decision Theory with Linguistic Criteria Evaluation. European Journal of Operational Research,142, 174–186.##Chin, K.S., Chan, B.L., Lam, P.K. (2008). Identifying and prioritizing critical success factors for competition strategy. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 108(4), 437-454.##Farahbakhsh, N., Nourouzi, B. (2001). Anaiysis of Production and Exportation Capabilities of Food Industries in Iran.Iranian Journal of Trade Studies(IJTS), Summer 2001, 5(19), 175-196.##Fehresti sani, M., Salami, H. (2003). Non-oil Export Development: The Narrative Reality Series, The Fourth Conference of Agricultural Economics Iran, Karaj, Iran Society of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Tehran University, http://www.civilica.com/ Paper-IAEC04-IAE##Hsu, T. H., Yang, T. H. (2000). Application of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in the selection of advertising media. Journal of Management and Systems, 7(1), 19-39.##Jeffee, S., Henson, S. (2004). Standard And Agro-Food Export from developing Countries: Rebalancing the Debat. World Bank. Policy Research Working Paper. http://econ.Worldbank.org.##Jongwanich, J. (2009). The impact of food safety standards on processed food exports from developingcountries. Food Policy, 34,447-457.##Karimi Hosnijeh, H. (2007). Globalization, Competitive and Nonoil Export Promotion: Analysis of Causality in Iran Economy. Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics, Spring 2007 , 4(1), 117-134.##Kaufmann, A., Gupta, M.M. (1988). Fuzzy mathematical models in engineering and management science. Amesterdam, North-Holland.##Krejcie, R.V, Morgan, D. W. (1972). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological measurement, 30, 607- 610.##Lee, A., Chen,W., Chang, C. (2008). A fuzzy AHP and BSC approach for evaluating performance of IT department in the in the manufacturing industry in Taiwan. Expert SystAppl, 34(1), 96-107.##Mazhari, M., 2007. Strategy Plan of International Development Razavi Khorasan Province. Economic Research Department of Jahad Daneshgahi of Mashhad. Khorasan Commercial Organization.##Murry, T.J., Pipino, L. L., Gigch, J. P. (1985). A pilot study of fuzzy set modification of Delphi. Human Systems Management 5(1), 76-80.##Pakravan, M. R., Mehrabi Boshrabadi, H., Gilanpour, O. (2011). Estimating Supply and Demand Function of Iran’s Agricultural Products Export. Journal of Economics and Agriculture Development, 24(4), 471-478.##Pezeshki Rad, G. & Feli, S. (2010). Challenges and Practical Guidance for Saffron’s Processing, Marketing and Export: Application of Delphi Technique. Agricultural Economics: Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics (Economics and Agriculture Journal), 4(1), 137-157.##Razavi Khorasan Commercial Organization, Deputy of development of Foreign Trade. (2008). Survey of Status of Food industry Exports Khorasan Razavi Province.##Statistical Yearbook of Khorasan Razavi Province. (2010). Tenth chapter. Commercial, Restaurant and Hospitality.##Valibeigi, H. (2007). Ranking of Export Target Markets and Their Entrance Barries: The Case of Food Industry in Iran. Iranian Journal of Trade Studies (IJTS). Winter 2007. 11(41), 53-89.##

0 تدوین الگوی پیش‌بینی قیمت فصلی انواع گوشت در ایران: کاربرد مدل خودتوضیحی دوره‌ای (PAR) Seasonal forecasting of meat prices in Iran: Application of periodic autoregressive model https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55520.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55520 0 گوشت همواره جزء کالاهای مهم و ضروری برای خانوارهای ایرانی است، به‌طوری‌که در اغلب سال‌ها، در بین اقلام خوراکی و آشامیدنی، بیشترین سهم از کل هزینة خانوار متعلق به هزینة انواع گوشت است. هدف مطالعة حاضر، الگوسازی و پیش‌بینی قیمت سه‌ماهانة انواع گوشت در کشور است. برای این‌منظور، داده‌های فصلی قیمت‌های گوشت مرغ، گاو و گوسفند برای سال‌های 1377 تا 1390 استفاده شد. در این زمینه، ابتدا آزمون HEGY برای بررسی ریشة واحد فصلی به‌کار گرفته شد و سپس از آزمون ریشة واحد دوره‌ای فرانسس و پاپ و آزمون رفتار دوره‌ای بسویچ و فرانسس استفاده شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد الگوی خودتوضیحی دوره‌ای از مرتبة یک [PAR(1)] برای الگوسازی و پیش‌بینی قیمت گوشت مرغ بسیار مناسب است که این امر امکان به‌دست‌آوردن پیش‌بینی‌های صحیح را فراهم می‌کند. همچنین، نتایج آزمون ریشة واحد فصلی بیانگر آن است که قیمت گوشت گاو و گوسفند در کشور، از الگوی خودتوضیح میانگین متحرک تبعیت می‌کند و براین‌اساس، به‌کارگیری الگوی ARIMA برای تدوین الگوی پیش‌بینی قیمت این دو کالا مناسب است. 1 Meat has always been one of the most important commodities for Iranian households, and most of the times have had the largest households’ budget share among the goods and beverages groups. This study aims to estimate and forecast the seasonal price of meats in Iran. To address this aim, we used seasonal data of chicken, beef and lamb for the period of 1998-2011.  In this context, first HEGY test was applied to check the seasonal unit root, then Fanses & Paap’s periodic unit root test and Boswijk & Franses’s seasonal periodic behavior test were used. Results indicated that periodic autoregressive model of order one [PAR(1)] is the best fit for chicken price forecasts. The seasonal unit root test for beef and lamb also gives that they follow autoregressive moving average patterns; therefore ARIMA model is a suitable model to forecast the prices of these commodities.   469 480 محمد قهرمان زاده Mohammad Ghahremanzadeh دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز ایران ghahremanzadeh@tabrizu.ac.ir معصومه رشید قلم Masoumeh Rashid Ghalam دانشجوی دکتری گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز ایران m65_aes@yahoo.com ایران قیمت گوشت مدل پایة رگرسیونی مدل خودتوضیحی دوره‌ای Brendstrup, B., Hylleberg, S., Nielsen M. O., Skipper, L., & Stentoft, L. (2004). Seasonality in economic models. Macroeconomic Dynamics, 8: 362–394.##Castro, B., & Osborn, R. (2005). Testing for Seasonal Unit Roots in Periodic Integrated Autoregressive Processes. Economic Studies, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester.##Chu, L. F. (2008). A fractionally integrated autoregressive moving average approach to forecasting tourism demand. Tourism Management, 29 (1): 79-88.##Clements, M.P., & Hendry, D.F. (2004). A companion to economic forecasting. Blackwell Publishing, ltd##Darne, O., & Diebolt, C. (2002). A note on seasonal unit root tests. Quality and Quantity. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 36: 305–310.##Ebrahimi, S., Shajari, Sh. & Zareh. (2012). Forecasting chicken price changes using time series models and neural network in Fars province, 8th Conference biennial of IAES papers. (In Farsi).##Enders, W. (2004). Applied economics time series. Second edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.##Food Outlook. (2013). BIANNUAL REPORT ON GLOBAL FOOD MARKETS, from http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/al999e/al999e.pdf.##Franses, P. H. (1991). Seasonality, non-stationary and the forecasting of monthly time series. International Journal of Forecasting, 7:199-208.##Franses, P. H., & Paap, R. (2004). Periodic Time Series Models. Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York.##Ghahremanzadeh, M. (2011). Forecasting monthly price of one day chicken in Azarbayjan- E- Shargi province, journal of agricultural economics, No 5(4):183-210. (In Farsi)##Ghahremanzadeh, M. & Salami, H. (2008). Forecasting Chicken price in Iran: Case study of Tehran province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, No 1:1-17. (In Farsi)##Hylleberg, S., Engle, R. F., Granger, C.W.J & Yoo, S. (1990). Seasonal integration and cointegration. Journal of Econometric, 44: 215–238.##Keshavarz, H. G. (2006). Analysis of calendar effects on price fluctuations of some major goods, a case study of seasonal of chicken, red meat and egg prices. Iranian Journal of Tahghighat- E- Eghtesadi, No 72:295-328. (In Farsi)##Li, C., He, C. (2011). Modeling and Forecasting Monthly Electricity Price of Sweden with Periodic Autoregressive Models. Dalarna University, Sweden.##Osborn, D. R., Heravi, S. & Birchenhall, C. R. (1999). Seasonal unit roots and forecasts of two-digit European industrial production. International Journal of Forecasting, 15: 27- 47.##State Livestock Affairs Logistics Co. (1998-2013) Information bank of livestock and poultry input price, Plan and Budget office, Ministry of Agricultural Jahad, Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi)##Tripodis, Y. & Penzer, J. (2004). Periodic time series models: a structural approach. Department of Statistics, London School of Economics.##

0 کاربرد روش ریکاردین در بررسی تاثیر تغییر اقلیم بر رانت زمین‌‌های کشاورزی Application of the Ricardian approach to investigating the effect of climate change on agricultural land rent https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55521.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55521 0 امروزه تغییر اقلیم یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های زیست‌محیطی قرن بیست‌و‌یکم است که پیامدهای جدی اقتصادی را به‌دنبال دارد. این مطالعه با توجه به اهمیت تغییر اقلیم و تأثیر آن بر بخش کشاورزی، با هدف بررسی تأثیر متغیرهای اقلیمی بر رانت زمین کشاورزی محصولات منتخب استان گلستان در دورة 1360-1390 به‌صورت ترکیبی (پانل) و با استفاده از روش ریکاردین انجام گرفت. به‌منظور دستیابی به اهداف این مطالعه، از داده‌های مربوط به دما و میزان بارش و داده‌های مربوط به هزینة تولید استفاده شد. نتایج برآورد مدل ریکاردین محصولات نشان می‌دهد که در بین متغیرها، متغیرهای دما و بارش به‌صورت غیرخطی به‌ترتیب، تأثیر منفی و مثبت بر رانت زمین‌های کشاورزی دارند؛ به‌عبارت دیگر، با افزایش متوسط دما از 25/17 درجة سانتی‌گراد، رانت زمین‌های کشاورزی منطقة مورد مطالعه کاهش و با افزایش مقدار تجمعی بارش باران از 72/259 میلی‌متر افزایش می­یابد. همچنین، نتایج تغییر رانت زمین کشاورزی با استفاده از سناریوهای مختلف در سال‌های آتی نشان می‌دهد تغییر اقلیم، بر مقدار رانت محصولات تأثیر منفی می‌گذارد و به کاهش رانت ناشی از محصولات تا حدود 38 درصد در آینده منجر می‌شود. با توجه به نتایج، توسعة واریته و ارقام جدیدی از محصولات مقاوم به خشکی و بهبود مدیریت منابع آبی برای مقابله با مشکل کم‌‌آبی، خطر تغییر دما و سایر شرایط آب‌­وهوایی، به‌منظور جلوگیری از کاهش رانت ناشی از تغییر اقلیم پیشنهاد می‌شود. 1 Today climate change is one of the most important environmental challenges of 21 century that cause serious economic consequences. This study has been done due to important of climate change and its effect on agricultural sector with purpose of investigating the effect of climate variables on land rent in Golestan province by using Ricardian approach and panel data at 1981 to 2011. Thus, temperature, precipitation and production cost data have been used. The results of Ricardian model show that temperature and precipitation variables have a negative and a positive effect on agricultural rent, respectively. In other words with increase 17.25°Cof temperature, rent of agricultural land have been reduced and with increase 259.72 mm of precipitation, rent of agricultural land have been increase. Also the results of different scenarios during past years show that climate change had negative effect and decrease 38 percent rent of products in future. According these results, development of new varieties and new hybrids of resistant products and improve of water resources management to tackle the problem of water shortage, risk of temperature changes and other weather conditions have been suggested. 481 491 سید مجتبی مجاوریان Seyed Mojtaba Mojaverian دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری ایران mmojaverian@yahoo.com سینا احمدی کلیجی Sina Ahmadi Kaiji دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری ایران sina_ahmadikaliji@yahoo.com مرضیه امین روان Marzieh Aminravan دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری ایران m.aminravan@yahoo.com استان گلستان تغییر اقلیم داده‌های پانل رانت زمین کشاورزی روش ریکاردین Abbasi, F., Babayian, A., Habibi Nokhandan, M., Mokhtari, L., Malbosi, Sh. & Askari, Sh. (2010). Climate change assessment over Iran in the future decades using MAGICC-SCENGEN model. Physical geography research quarterly, 42(72): 91-109. (In Farsi).##Abrishami, H., Mehr Ara, M. & Mohseni, R. (2006). The impact of trade liberalization on export and import growth. Journal of Commercial Research, 126 (40): 95-127. (In Farsi).##Aydinalp, C. & Cresser, M. S. (2008). The effects of global climate change on agriculture. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sceinces, 3(5): 672-676.##Chang, C. C. (2003). The potential impact of climate change on Taiwan's agriculture. Agricultural Economics. 27: 51-64.##Data of agricultural products in Golestan Province (2011). Statistical data, databases, Bank of Agriculture, Economic and planning department of statistics and information technology office, Jahade-Keshavarzi ministry of Iran.##Data of agricultural production costs in Golestan Province (2011). Statistical data, databases, Bank of Agriculture, Economic and planning department of statistics and information technology office, Jahade-Keshavarzi ministry of Iran.##Data of temperature and precipitation in Golestan Province (2011).Golestan Regional Water Company and Meteorology Department.##Eid, H. M., El-Marsafawy, S. M. & Ouda, S. A. (2007). Assessing the economic impacts of climate change on agriculture in Egypt, a ricardian approach. Policy research working paper, 4293, The World Bank.##FAO Climate Change Data, (2011). www.faostat3.fao.org/faostatgateway/go/to/download##Fezzi, C. & Bateman, L. (2012). Non-linear effects and aggregation bias in ricardian models of climate change. CSERGE working paper, ISSN 0967-8875.##Green, W. H. (2003). Econometric Analysis, Pritice Hall, 5 ed.##Hosseini, S. S., Nazari, M. & Eraghi Nejad, Sh. (2013). Investigating the impacts of climate on agricultural sector with emphasis on the role of adaptation strategies in this sector. 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0 بهره‌وری ترویج زنبورداری در حوضۀ آبی خزر: یک تحلیل علّی Apicultural extension productivity in Caspian zone: A causal analysis https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55522.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55522 0 بهره‌وری ترویج به ‌عنوان فرآیندی برنامه‌ریزی‌شده ‌مرکب از کارایی، اثربخشی، خردگرایی و توجه به سطح کیفیت‌های استاندارد شدة یک نظام تلقی می‌گردد که هدف آن حصول به حداکثر منافع و عملکرد با توجه به منابع و امکانات موجود است. لذا آگاهی برنامه‌ریزان و مجریان نظام ترویج کشاورزی از عوامل مؤثر بر بهبود و افزایش بهره‌وری ترویج موضوعی مهم و ضروری است. این پژوهش از نوع علّی ـ رابطه‌ای و هدف آن بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر بهره‌وری فعالیت‌های ترویج زنبورداری حوزة آبی خزر، با استفاده از تکنیک تحلیل مسیر بود. جمعیت این مطالعه تمام زنبورداران حوزه آبی خزر (5273 نفر) بودند که تعداد 315 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌بندی تصادفی انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه‌ای بود که روایی آن توسط گروهی از متخصصان و ضریب پایایی آن نیز با استفاده از یک مطالعه راهنما و آزمون آلفای کرونباخ، بین 68/0 تا 81/0 برای مقیاس‌های مختلف به دست آمد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل مسیر نشان داد که متغیر سن زنبوردار، تأثیر منفی و متغیرهای استفاده از وسایل کمک آموزشی، ارتباط با کانال‌های شخصی، وسعت زنبورستان و پذیرش نوآوری، تأثیر مثبت بر بهره‌وری ترویج زنبورداری دارد. همچنین دو متغیر سن زنبوردار و وسعت زنبورستان، علاوه بر تأثیر مستقیم، به‌طور غیرمستقیم و از طریق متغیرهای استفاده از وسایل کمک آموزشی، کانال‌های ارتباط شخصی و پذیرش نوآوری بر بهره‌وری ترویج زنبورداری تأثیر داشتند. در این تحلیل، سن زنبوردار کمترین تأثیر مستقیم و متغیر پذیرش نوآوری بیشترین تأثیر مستقیم را بر بهره‌وری ترویج زنبورداری داشتند. همچنین، سن زنبوردار بیشترین تأثیر غیرمستقیم را دارا بود. در پایان پیشنهادهایی در راستای دستاوردهای تحقیق ارائه شده است. 1 Extension productivity as a process are combined of efficiency, effectiveness, intellectual orientation and attention to the standard quality levels for the system that have to be consider its goal in obtaining maximum benefits and potentials regarding to current resources and facilities. Such organized process requires an extensive awareness from all effective factors in productivity improvement and increase from which the achieved results can be available for planners, policy-makers and administrators. The purpose of this causal- correlative study was to investigate affecting factors of apicultural extension productivity in Caspian zone, Iran by applying path analysis. Research population was all beekeepers of Caspian zone (5273 people) that out of which, 315 beekeepers were selected through stratified random sampling method. The research tool included a questionnaire that validity of which was confirmed by a group of professionals. A pilot study was conducted during the Cronbach's alpha test which was calculated to determinate the reliability of data collection instrument and was found to be in acceptable range from 0.68 to 0.81. Results showed that age of beekeepers, had a negative effect and use of audio-visual equipment, personal communication channels; apiary area and adoption of innovations have a positive effect on apicultural extension productivity. Also two variables of beekeeper’s age and apiary area affect the apicultural extension productivity directly and indirectly by influencing on the use of audio-visual equipment, personal communication channels and adoption of innovations. In this analysis, beekeeper’s age and adoption of innovations had minimum and maximum direct effects respectively on apicultural extension productivity. Also, Beekeeper’s age had maximum indirect effect. 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0 کاربرد مدل توازن در ارزیابی استان‌ها در زمینة کارایی مصرف نهاده‌های شیمیایی کشاورزی Application of balance model in assessing inter-provincial regarding agro-chemical inputs use efficiency https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55523.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55523 0 تحقیق حاضر با ارائة مدل توازن، در پی سنجش سطوح کارایی استان‌ها در راستای سیاست‌های بخش کشاورزی برای کاهش مصرف نهاده‌های شیمیایی (انواع کودها و سموم) به‌تفکیک دو محصول گندم و جو است. به‌این‌منظور، اطلاعات دو محصول گندم و جو در زمینة نهاده‌های زمین، بذر، کود (ازت، فسفات و سایر انواع کود)، سم (علف‌کش، آفت‌کش و بیماری‌کش) و میزان تولید از طریق ادارة کل آمار و اطلاعات وزارت جهاد کشاورزی برای استان‌های کشور و در سال زراعی 1387- 1388 جمع‌آوری شد. کارایی استان­ها با استفاده از مدل پایه‌ای (CCR: Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes) (بدون درنظرگرفتن سیاست‌های راهبردی)، مدل توازن (با درنظرگرفتن سیاست‌های راهبردی) و عامل توازن (که نسبت نمره‌های حاصل از دو مدل مذکور است) به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان می­دهد بعضی از استان‌های محروم (ایلام، بوشهر، لرستان، چهارمحال‌وبختیاری و خوزستان) نمرة بالایی در عامل توازن دارند، اما به‌علت هم‌راستایی با سیاست‌های توسعة پایدار بخش، از نظر کارایی، سطح بالایی ندارند، درحالی‌که بعضی از استان‌های توسعه‌یافته (تهران، قم، اصفهان، مازندران و مرکزی)، علی‌رغم کارایی مطلوب، در زمینة عامل توازن امتیاز مطلوبی ندارند. این موضوع بیانگر آن است که آن‌ها نتوانسته‌اند در راستای سیاست‌های زیست­محیطی کلان بخش کشاورزی حرکت کنند. 1 Current research aims to measure inter-provincial efficiency by balance model under agricultural policies to reduce chemical inputs (fertilizers and pesticides) for wheat and barley crops. Therefore data for wheat and barley related inputs such: land, seed, fertilizer (nitrate, phosphate and other fertilizer), pesticides (insecticide, herbicide and fungicide) and yield was collected through office of statistical and information, affiliated to the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad in cropping year 2008-2009. Using basic CCR model (disregarding strategic policies), balance model (considering strategic policies) and balance factor (ratio of score extracted from current two models) the provincial efficiency was calculated. The results showed that despite some deprived provinces (Eilam, Bushehr, Lorestan, Charmohal & Bakhtiari and Khozestan) attain high score in balance factor but they have been in low level of efficacy because of considering agricultural sustainable development macro policies. While some developed province (Tehran, Qom, Esfahan, Mazandaran and Markazi) have favorite situation in efficiency score but weak score in balance score. 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0 واکاوی چالش های ترویج برای تعامل با کنشگران نظام دانش و طلاعات کشاورزی از دیدگاه متخصصان ترویج Investigation of agricultural extension challenges concerning interaction with other AKIS actors from agricultural extension specialists` view point https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55534.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55534 0 این مطالعه به بررسی چالش­های تعاملی ترویج با کنشگران نظام دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزی از دیدگاه متخصصان ترویج می­پردازد. تحقیق حاضر با روش پیمایشى انجام گردیده است. جامعه­ی آماری تحقیق متخصصان ترویج ایران می­باشند (140 (N= که از این میان با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان تعداد 103 نفر بـه روش نمونه­گیری هدفمنـد به­عنوان نمونـه آماری انتخاب شدند و در نهایت 90 پـرسشنامه جمع­آوری و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. ابـزار گـردآوری داده­ها پرسشنامه­ بـوده است؛ کـه در آن چالش­های تعاملی ترویج با شش کنشگر دیگر این نظام یعنی تحقیق، آموزش، کشاورزان، سیاستگذاران، شرکت­های خصوصی و تشکل­های کشاورزان و همچنین میزان تعاملات متخصصان با سایر زیرنظام­های این نظام مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. روایی محتوایی پرسشنامه توسط پانلی از صاحب­نظران علوم ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی مورد تایید قرار گرفته است و ضریب پایایی (قابلیت اعتماد) پرسشنامه نیز با انجام آزمون مقدماتی بین 74/0 تا 95/0 به دست آمده است.  نتایج حاصله نشان می­دهد مشکلات ترویج به ترتیب اولویت در تعامل با سیاستگذاران، مراکز تحقیقاتی، کشاورزان، آموزش، تشکل­های کشاورزان و شرکت­های خصوصی می­باشد. بعلاوه نتایج حاصله نشان می­دهد عمده مشکلات ترویج برای تعامل با سایر کنشگران مورد مطالعه عبارت است از: عدم وجود ضمانت اجرایی در صورت انعکاس مشکلات از سوی ترویج برای سیاستگذاران، عدم گرایش محققان و مروجان پیرامون مشارکت با یکدیگر، عدم تناسب تعداد مروجان و کشاورزان و ناکافی بودن تجارب بخش خصوصی در ارائه خدمات ترویجی. همچنین نتایج تحقیق نشان می­دهد متخصصان ترویج در مورد مشکلات تعاملی ترویج با دیگر کنشگران اجماع نظر دارند.   1 This study Investigates challenges facing extension services concerning interaction with other AKIS[1] actors from agricultural extension specialists` point of view. The research design for this study employed a survey method. Though Krejcie and Morgan simply size table and 103 specialists were purposive selected as a sample out of 140 agricultural extension specialists ‎in Iran and finally 90 questionnaires was collected. A questionnaire was used to collect data concerning interactive challenges of extension services with other six AKIS actors namely research sector, education sector, farmers, policy makers, private sector and farmers organization. Specialists` interaction with other related sub-systems was also investigated. Content and face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by a panel of experts consisting of agricultural extension and education specialists. Questionnaire reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach’s alpha. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the instrument was 0.95. Results of this study revealed that interactive challenges of extension services were as follow respectively; interaction with policy makers, research centers, farmers, education sector, farmers’ organization and privet sector. Findings showed that major challenges facing extension services in interaction with other intended actors in this study were; lack of guaranteed sanction by policy-makers in reflection the problems facing farmers through extension agents, reluctance of researchers and extension agents to cooperate with each other, disproportion ratio of extension agents and farmers, and inadequate experiences of private sector in providing extension services. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference between perceptions of agricultural extension faculty members, ministerial senior managers of deputy of agricultural extension and education and Ph.D. Student regarding interactive challenges of agricultural extension services with other AKIS actors. [1] Agricultural Knowledge and Information System   517 527 مجتبی نوری Mojtaba Noori کارشناس ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت‌مدرس ایران noori.zanjan@gmail.com حسن صدیقی Hasan Sadighi دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت‌مدرس ایران sadigh_h@modares.ac.ir حسین شعبانعلی فمی Hossain Shabanali Fami دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران hfami@ut.ac.ir نرجس کابلی Narjes Kaboli کارشناس ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت‌مدرس ایران na.kaboli@gmail.com مشکلات ترویج نظام دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزی تعامل کنشگران متخصصان ترویج Abdollahi, A. (2006). Participation of local people (CBOS) facilitated the program (extension) on Rural Sustainable Development, Case of West Azarbaijan Rural Islamic Councils. A Thesis Presented for Degree of Master of Science in Agricultural Extension and Educatin. Tarbiat Modares University. Tehran. (In Farsi).##Agbamu, J. (2000). 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[From]: http://www.joe.org/joe/1996 February/ rb2.html.##Moghades farimani, Sh. (2009). Extension Station in Agricultural Knowledge and Information System. [From]:http://www.jkmt.ir/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4006&Itemi##Mohammadzadeh, J. (2001). Extension staff's attitude toward participation with farmers and researcher: An investigation in western Azarbaijan, Iran. A Thesis Presented for Degree of Master of Science in Agricultural Extension and Educatin. Tarbiat Modares University. Tehran. (In Farsi).##Noroozi, A. and Malekmohammadi, I. (2008). Related problems of promote research and communication mechanisms may. Agricultural Economics and Development. 58: 135-150. (In Farsi).##Nosrati, S. and Rastgou, H. (2007). Pluralism, relationship-oriented approach for improving agricultural extension. National Conference Of Modern communication and promotion strategies for research and extension. June 2 and 3, 2007. Agriculture Organization of Kermanshah. 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0 تحلیل محتوای مفاهیم پایداری در سرفصل دروس رشته‌های کشاورزی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی دانشگاه تهران Content analysis of sustainability concepts into courses outlines of agricultural disciplines, agricultural and natural resources college, University of Tehran https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55535.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55535 0 پژوهش حاضر، به‌منظور بررسی وضعیت تلفیق مفاهیم پایداری در سرفصل‌های مصوب دروس تخصصی الزامی شش رشتة کشاورزی در بیست سال اخیر، با استفاده از روش تحقیق تحلیل محتوای ترکیبی انجام گرفته است. جامعة آماری این تحلیل، تمام سرفصل‌های مصوب دروس تخصصی الزامی رشته‌های کشاورزی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی دانشگاه تهران در سال‌های 1370 تا 1390 است. رشته‌هایی به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند که سرفصل دروس آن‌ها در سال‌های 1365 و 1383 به‌طور همزمان‌ در دسترس بودند؛ بنابراین، 191 درس تحلیل شدند. مطابق نتایج، میانگین درصد تلفیق مقوله‌های پایداری در تمام رشته‌های مورد بررسی، پایین است. همچنین، مقولة پایداری زیست‌محیطی، با 41/3 درصد، در مقایسه با سایر مقوله‌های پایداری، بالاترین میزان تلفیق را در محتوای دروس دارد و مؤید آن است که گرایش محتوای دروس تخصصی الزامی رشته‌های کشاورزی مورد بررسی، به‌سوی مقولة زیست‌محیطی بوده است. همچنین، مقوله‌های سازمانی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی، به‌ترتیب اولویت‌های دوم تا چهارم را در میزان تلفیق مفاهیم پایداری دارند. 1 The present study was conducted to analyzing integration of sustainability concepts into approved outlines of compulsory specialized courses in the six agricultural disciplines in the last 20 years using mix content analysis method. Population in this analysis was all of the approved outlines of compulsory specialized courses of agricultural disciplines at the agricultural and natural resources college of university of Tehran in during 1370-90. The samples were disciplines that 1365's and 1383's outlines were available simultaneously. Therefore, 191 courses have been analyzed. The results indicated the low mean of the integration level of sustainability categories in analyzed disciplines. Environmental sustainability category has allocated the highest level of integration to itself with 3.41 percent among other categories. Hence, content of compulsory courses of analyzed disciplines have been trended toward environmental category. In addition, institutional, social and economic categories priorities have been the second to fourth respectively in integration level of sustainability concepts. 529 540 الهام فهام Elham Faham دکتری آموزش کشاورزی دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران faham@ut.ac.ir احمد رضوانفر Ahmad Rezvanfar استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران arezvan@ut.ac.ir سید حمید موحدمحمدی and Seyed Hamid Movahed Mohammadi استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران hmovahed@ut.ac.ir برنامة درسی پایداری تحلیل محتوا دانشگاه تهران کشاورزی Alavi Moghaddam, M. R., Taher-shamsi, A. & Maknoun, R. (2007). The role of environmental engineering education in sustainable development in Iran AUT experience. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 8 (2), 123-130. DOI: 10.1108/14676370710726599##Carew, A. L. & Mitchell, C. A. (2001). What do engineering undergraduates need to know, think or feel to understand sustainability?. Proceedings of the 6th World Congress of Chemical Engineering, 23-27 September 2001, Institution of Chemical Engineers, Melbourne, Australia, pp 115##Chhokar, K. B. (2010). Higher education and curriculum innovation for sustainable development in India. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 11(2), 141-152. DOI: 10.1108/14676371011031865##Dawe, G., Jucker, R. & Martin, S. (2005). Sustainable development in higher education: current practice and future developments. Higher Education Academy, York Science Park, Heslington, York, from http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/documents/sustainability/sustdevinHEfinalreport.pdf##Edwards, M., Alvarez-Sanchez, D. & Sanchez-Ruiz, L. M. (2007). Engineering education and competences for sustainability education in Spain. International Conference on Engineering Education, 3–7 September 2007: Coimbra, Portugal, from http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/10157/1/AC215_1_ICEEMonica.pdf##Eftekhari, A., Arefnia, Kh., Sajasi Ghidari, H., Parishan, M. & Azimi, J. (2009). Content analysis of 4th development program concerning goals of UN decade (2005-2014). Geography Journal, 6 (18-19), 47-62. In Farsi##Global University Network for Innovation. (2010). Higher Education’s Commitment to Sustainability: from Understanding to Action. From http://www.guninetwork.org/guni.conference/2010_guni-conference##Henderson, K. & Tilbury, D. (2004). whole-school approaches to sustainability: an international review of sustainable school programs. Report prepared by theAustralian research institute in education for sustainability forthe department of the environment and heritage, Australian government, from education.qld.gov.au/corporate/research/.../henderson2004.doc##Holmberg, J. & Samuelsson, B. (2006). 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UN DESD global monitoring and evaluation framework (GMEF): operational plan. 31 p, from http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/files/56743/12137065225GMEFoperationalfinal.pdf/GMEF##operationalfinal.pdf##Virtual Campus for Sustainable Europe. (2008). Declarations on higher education and sustainable development. From http://www2.leuphana.de/vcse/uploads/media/Declarations_on_higher_education_and_sustainable_development.pdf##

0 بررسی مولفه‌های رفتار اطلاع یابی دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان Assessing information seeking behavior components of agricultural graduate students in University of Zanjan https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55536.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55536 0 هدف این تحقیق، بررسی مؤلفه‌های رفتار اطلاع‌یابی دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشکدة کشاورزی در دانشگاه زنجان است. این پژوهش، توصیفی- همبستگی و روش آن پیماشی است. جامعة مورد مطالعه، دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان در سال تحصیلی 1391- 1392 هستند (250N=). حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 80 نفر برآورد شد (80= n). نمونه‌ها با روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای تصادفی انتخاب شدند. پرسشنامه، ابزار اصلی جمع‌آوری داده‌هاست که روایی آن از طریق نظرهای اعضای هیئت‌علمی و پایایی آن از طریق اندازه‌گیری ضریب آلفای کرونباخ در مرحلة پیش‌آزمون، به میزان 71/0 تا 87/0 برآورد شد. با توجه به نتایج، انگیزة اصلی دانشجویان از جست‌وجوی اطلاعات، انجام فعالیت‌های پژوهشی (پایان‌نامه)، روزآمدسازی اطلاعات و شناسایی منابع تخصصی است. پرکاربردترین منابع اطلاعاتی، کتاب‌های مرجع، کتاب‌های درسی و مجله‌های علمی- تخصصی است. اصل‌بودن منابع، صحت و اعتبار (مثل مقدار ضریب تأثیر) و سهولت دسترسی معیار سنجش انتخاب منابع است. یادگیری نحوة دستیابی به منبع از طریق آزمون و خطای شخصی، موتورهای جست‌وجوی عمومی و وب‌سایت‌های رایگان، مهم‌ترین کانال‌های اطلاع‌یابی هستند. عمده ­موانع دستیابی به اطلاعات در میان دانشجویان نیز پایین‌بودن سرعت اطلاعات، قدیمی‌بودن و سرعت اندک کامپیوترهای دانشگاه و تمام‌متن‌نبودن منابع برخی از پایگاه‌هاست. با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی، مشکلات دستیابی به اطلاعات در شش عامل، شامل مشکلات اینترنتی و شبکه‌ای، محدودیت‌های دستیابی به منابع، مشکلات هزینه‌ای و اشتراک و اطلاع‌رسانی، سطح پایین مهارت‌های تحقیقی، کمبود کامپیوتر، مشکلات نرم‌افزاری و مشکلات تجهیزات دانشگاهی خلاصه می­شوند. این شش عامل، 36/60 درصد از کل واریانس موانع دستیابی به اطلاعات را تبیین می­کنند. 1 The purpose of this study was to assessing components of Information seeking behavior of agricultural graduate students and factors associated with this behavior in University of Zanjan. Agricultural graduate students of Zanjan University formed the statistical population of this descriptive correlational study (N =250). The sample was estimated using Cochran's formula (n=80) and stratified random sampling method used for selecting samples. The questionnaire used for collecting data. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by feedback of related faculty members. A pilot test was conducted to deter mine the reliability of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was estimate between 0.71-0.87). Results showed that the most incentive of students from information seeking are conducting research, updating and maintaining up to date in their field study. Conference proceedings, Indexes, reference books and the magazines include the most used source of information from viewpoint of students. Being authentic source, listed in the ISI and ISC indexes are the most important measure of resources from viewpoint of students Inclusion in ISI and ISC indexes. General search engines, free web sites, e-resources and personal efforts are most important channels of information seeking. Using factor analysis, problems of access to information summarized in six factors including Internet and computer service problems, limitations of accessing to the resources, the high costs of data bases sharing and communication problems, lower levels of research skills, computer hardware and software issues and problems of university facilities. These factors explained 36/60% of the total variance problems of access to information. 541 550 پریسا نجفلو Parisa Najafloo دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ایران najafloo.parisa@yahoo.com جعفر یعقوبی Jafar Yaghobi دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان ایران yaghobi@znu.ac.ir عنایت عباسی Enayat Abbasi استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ایران enayat.abbasi@modares.ac.ir اطلاعات دانشجویان کشاورزی رفتار اطلاع‌یابی موانع دسترسی به اطلاعات Ahangar, A. & Vazirpour Keshmiri, M. (2009). A survey on the information seeking behavior of faulty members of Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh branch. Journal of Epistemology (Library Information Science and Information Technology), 1(3), 1-14. (In Farsi).##Bigdeli, Z. & Faraj pahlou, A, Ghazi Zadeh, H. (2011). A comparison of internet searching process with Kuhltaduate Farsi).students at Shahed Chamran Univercity. Library and Information Science, 2 (54),11-14. (In Farsi).##Brindesi, H., Monopoli, M. & Kapidaki, S. (2013). Information seeking and searching habits of Greek physicists and astronomers: a case study of undergraduate students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, (73), 785 – 79.##Buadi, D. K., Anaman, K. A. and Kwarteng, J. A. (2013). Farmers’ perceptions of the quality of extension services provided by non-governmental organisations in two municipalities in the Central Region of Ghana. Agricultural Systems. Article in press.##Choo, C. W., (1999). Closing the cognitive gaps: how people process information.Financial Times of London, Masterying in Information Management Sciense. http://Choo.fis.utoronto.ca/fis/respub. (accessed September 20, 2007).##Klaib, f.j. (2009). Provided information literacy instructions at private university libraries in Jordan and trends of Zarqa Private University students towards its objective achievements. The International Information & Library Review 41: 173-183.##Darzi, S. (2011). Information seeking behavior of graduate students at the Mazandaran University of Online Data Sources. Journal of Knowledge Science (Information and Library Studies Science and Technology), (12), 17-25. (In Farsi).##Durodi, F. (2008). Skills of Library and Information Science students of Islamic Azad University (Science and Research Branch of Tehran) in internet searches. Science and Technology, (1) 34, 1-36. (In Farsi).##Fadaiy, G., Fahim Nia, F., Hosseini, M. & Akbari, A. (2011) Design of a system for selective dissemination of information to the faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences at Tehran University. Journal of Information Science and Technology, Iran, (67), 109-126. (In Farsi).##GANJI, SH., DAYANI M.H. & FOROUGHI F.A. (2010). A survey of information needs and seeking behavior of Razi university faculty members (2008). . Library and Information Science , 12(4 (48)), 73-96. . (In Farsi).##Ge, X. (2010). Information-Seeking Behavior in the Digital Age: A Multidisciplinary Study of Academic Researchers. Retrieved 15 may, 2012 from http://crl.org/content/71/5/435.full.pdf.##Habibi, S,. Farzi, J. & Lotf Elahzade, R. (2008). GPS' Information seeking behavior in Ardebil and their approach towrds electronic sources. Jurnal of Ardebil university of Medical Sciences, 2 (28),136-141. (In Farsi).##Halder, S., Ray, A. & Chakrabarty, P.K. (2010). Gender differences in information seeking behavior in three universities in West Bengal, India. The International Information & Library Review, (42), 242-251.##Kalntary, KH. (2012). Processing and data analysis in social research - economy by using SPSS software.Farhange saba.387P.##Kinengyere, A. (2007). The effect of information literacy on the utilization of electronic information resources in selected academic and research institutions in Uganda. The Electronic library, 25 (3), pp. 328- 341.##kiyani Khuzestani, H., Niknam, M. & pishvaiy, F. (2012) Information seeking behavior in medical Yazd university faculty. Journal of National Library and Information Studies, 23 (4),134-120. (In Farsi).##Khosravi, M. (2009). Study and compare information seeking behavior of library patrons Iranian Information and Documentation Center. Book Quarterly, 77, 159-174.. (In Farsi).##Malliari, A., Korobili, S. & Zapounidou, S. (2011). Exploring the information seeking behavior of Greek graduate students: A case study set in the University of Macedonia. The International Information & Library Review, (43), 79-91.##Moradi, I. (2009). Information seeking behavior of faculty members of Islamic Arak Azad University. Book of the Month, Communication and Knowledge Science, (9) 141, 86-72. (In Farsi).##Norouzi, Y.,Talkhabi, M. & Alipour Hafezi, M. (2010) Evaluation of information seeking behavior of Arak university members in using internet. Journal of Epistemology (Library and Information Science and Information Technology), 3(10), 81-91. (In Farsi).##Razavie, A. & Fayazi M. (2009). An analysis of the effects Of internet on the educational and research data acquisition behavior of university students (A case study of Shiraz University) quarterly. Journal of New Approach Educational Administration, 22(4), 31-44. (In Farsi).##Shoughpour, D., Gholami, Z. & Soleymani, M. (2010). Iinvestigating the behavior of information seeking among the full-time members of theacademic ataff of Islamic azad univercity.Region beyond management, 3(12), 183-206. (In Farsi).##Ugwoke, B. U. (2013). Promoting Nigerian agriculture through library and information services. International Journal of Information Management, 33, 564– 566.##

0 آثار حذف یارانة نهاده‌های کشاورزی بر الگوی کشت محصولات زراعی استان تهران Effects of elimination subsidies of agricultural inputs on crop cultivation pattern in Tehran Province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55537.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55537 0 در این پژوهش، برای بررسی اثر حذف یارانة نهاده‌های کود شیمیایی، سم و حامل‌های انرژی بر الگوی کشت محصولات زراعی، از رهیافت برنامه‌ریزی ریاضی مثبت به‌همراه تکنیک حداکثر آنتروپی استفاده شد. با توجه به اینکه استان تهران 19 درصد جمعیت کشور و 40 درصد بازار مصرف را در کل کشور در اختیار دارد و از موقعیت اجتماعی و سیاسی ویژه‌ای برخوردار است، به­عنوان جامعۀ آماری این پژوهش انتخاب شد. روش PMP برمبنای شبیه‌سازی اطلاعات سال پایه (سال زراعی 1389-1390) و تغییرات سطح زیر کشت محصولات است. بدین­منظور محدودیت‌های سیاستی در قالب چهار سناریوی افزایش قیمت نهاده‌ها و محصولات بیان می‌شود. نتایج بیانگر آن است که سطح زیر کشت محصولات پنبه، پیاز، خیار و خربزه در مقایسه با سایر محصولات، دربرابر تغییرات قیمت نهاده‌ها و محصولات حساسیت بیشتری دارند و سطح زیر کشت محصولات جو آبی، ذرت، گندم آبی و یونجه نیز کمترین حساسیت را نشان می­دهند. 1 In order to evaluateEffects of Elimination Subsidies of Agricultural Inputs such as fertilizers, toxin and energy on Crop Cultivation Pattern is used the approach of Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) with Maximum Entropy techniques. Tehran province has 19% of the country's population and 40% of the market provided, it is politically, and sociality a good sample to examine the effect of elimination of agricultural inputs. PMP methodology based on simulated data base year (crop year 1389-90) changes in acreage products. Policy limits are expressed in terms of four scenarios and the results indicate that acreage of cotton products, Onion, Cucumber and Melons are sensitive to changes of input prices rather than the other crops Corn, wheat and alfalfa also show little sensitivity to changes of prices. 551 558 اسماعیل پیش بهار Esmaeil Pishbahar دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز ایران pishbahar@yahoo.com سمانه خدابخشی Smaneh Khodabakhshi دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز ایران khodabakhshi.samaneh@yahoo.com استان تهران الگوی کشت محصولات زراعی برنامه‌ریزی ریاضی مثبت حداکثر آنتروپی Bakhshi, M. (2009). The Impact of Fertilizer and Pesticide Subsidies and Direct Payments on Cropping Patterns and Input Use Affects the Environmental Impacts (Case Study: The Department of Agriculture and North Khorasan Province), Agricultural Economics Ph.D. Thesis, Tehran University. (In Farsi)##Bakhsi, M., Peykani, G.R., Hosseini, S.S., & Saleh, I. (2009). Effects of Fertilizer Subsidies and Direct Payments Policy on Cropping Pattern and Input Usage (Case Study: Agriculture Subsection City of Sabzevar), Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2: 185-207. (In Farsi)##Buysse, J. (2007). Farm-Level Mathematical Programming Tools for Agricultural Policy Support, for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Applied Biological Sciences.##Buysse, J., Van Huylenbroeck, G., & Lauwers, L., (2007). Normative, Positive and Econometric Mathematical Programming as Tools for Incorporation of Multifunctionality in Agricultural Policy Modeling, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 120: 70–81.##Cortignani, R., & Severini, S., (2009). Modeling farm-level Adoption of Deficit Irrigation Using Positive Mathematical Programming, Agricultural Water Management 96: 1785–1791.##Department of Commerce. (2009).(In Farsi)##Fattahi, M.A. (2011). The Effect of target orientation Subsidy of Energy Carriers on the Planting Pattern Crop (Case Study: Plain Quchan), MS Thesis, University of Tarbiat Modares. (In Farsi)##Heckelei, T. (2002). Calibration and Estimation of Programming Models for Agricultural Supply Analysis, Habilitationsschrift, Bonn.##Heckelei, T., & Britz, W. (2000). Positive Mathematical Programming with Multiple Data Points: A Cross-Sectional Estimation Procedure. Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, 57:28-50.##Hazell, P.B.R. & Norton, R.D. (1986). Mathematical Programming for Economic Analysis in Agriculture. Macmillan Publisher Company, New York.##Howitt, R.E. (1995a). Positive Mathematical Programming. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 77(2): 329-342.## Howitt, R.E. (1995b). A Calibration Method for Agricultural Economic Production models. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 46(2): 147-159.##Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance. (2011). (In Farsi)##Paris, Q., & Howitt, R.E. (1998). An Analysis of Ill-Posed Production Problems Using Maximum Entropy. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 80(1):124-138.##Rӧhm, O., & Dabbert, S., (2003), Integrating Agri-Environmental Programs into Regional Production Models: an Extension of Positive Mathematical Programming, American Journal Agricultural Economics. 85(1):254-265.##Sabouhi, M., Soltani, G.R., & Zibaei, M. (2007). The Effect of Price Change of Irrigation Water on Private and Social Benefits of Using Positive Mathematical Programming Model, Economic Development and Agriculture (Agricultural Sciences and Technology), 21(1):53-71. (In Farsi)##Shannon, C.E. (1948). A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Bell System Technical Journal. No.27.PP:379-423##Secretariat of the Supreme Council for the development of non-oil exports, 2011, available at internet address: http://fa.tpo.ir (In Farsi)##

0 بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر رفتار اطلاع‌یابی کارشناسان جهاد کشاورزی و شرکت های خدمات مشاوره‌ای کشاورزی شهرستان مشکین شهر An investigation of effective factors on information seeking behavior of Jahad-e- Keshavarzi and agricultural engineering and technical consulting services’ experts in Meshginshahr township https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55538.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55538 0 اطلاعات در عرصة کشاورزی و توسعة روستایی، کاراترین عامل ارتقای بازدهی و اثربخشی دیگر منابع تولید و توسعه به‌شمار می‌آید. کارشناسان جهاد کشاورزی و شرکت‌های خدمات مشاوره‌ای کشاورزی یکی از عناصر مهم در اطلاع‌رسانی به کشاورزان و ارتقای بهره‌وری کشاورزی به­شمار می­روند که باید اطلاعات کافی و روزآمدی داشته باشند. هدف این تحقیق، بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر رفتار اطلاع‌یابی کارشناسان جهاد کشاورزی و شرکت‌های خدمات مشاوره‌ای کشاورزی شهرستان مشکین‌شهر است. روش تحقیق، پیمایشی و از نوع توصیفی –همبستگی است. جامعة آماری این پژوهش، شامل کارشناسان جهاد کشاورزی و شرکت‌های خدمات مشاوره‌ای کشاورزی شهرستان است (290 N=) که درنهایت، با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری تصادفی و آمارة کوکران، 100 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان می­دهد انگیزة اصلی جست‌وجوی اطلاعات در میان افراد مورد مطالعه، احساس مسئولیت و انجام وظایف محول‌شده است. سه منبع عمدة اطلاعاتی کارشناسان، کتب فارسی، گزارش‌های علمی و فنی و پایگاه‌های اینترنتی هستند و دوره‌های آموزشی ضمن خدمت، کتابخانة محل کار و تلویزیون، سه مجرای مهم ارتباطی آن‌ها به­شمار می­روند. نبود انعطاف‌پذیری زمانی در انجام وظایف سازمانی، عمده‌ترین مانع سازمانی جست‌وجوی اطلاعات است. همچنین، میان انگیزة اطلاع‌یابی شغلی، میزان استفاده از منابع اطلاعاتی و مجاری ارتباطی و رضایت شغلی با رفتار اطلاع‌یابی، رابطة مثبت معنی‌داری مشاهده می­شود. 1 Information in agriculture and rural development is the most important element for Improving efficiency and effectiveness of other production and development resources. Jahad-e-Keshavarzi’ experts and Agricultural Engineering and Technical Consulting Services’ Experts are one of the important elements in informing farmers and improving agricultural productivity. So they should have sufficient updated information on agricultural activities. The purpose of this study is to investigation of effective factors on Information Seeking Behavior of Jahad-e-Keshavarzi and Agricultural Engineering and Technical Consulting Services’ Experts in Meshginshahr Township. A descriptive- correlation survey approach is applied in this study. Sample for this study was selected based on random sampling and Cochran formula of the population of research (n=100).  The results showed that the main motivation of participants for seeking information was their interest to job promotion. The top three mostly used information sources by experts were "Persian books", "scientific technical reports", and "Internet Websites". Regarding communication channels: In-service training courses, office library and "TV" were three top communication channels. "Lack of time flexibility for doing job tasks" was the main barrier to seeking information. Also, there were significant positive relationships between motivations for seeking career information, the extent of use of channels and sources, job satisfaction of experts and “their information behavior”. 559 568 مینا موسوی Mina Mousavi دانشجوی دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ایران mousavi_mina@yahoo.com مهناز محمدزاده Mahnaz Mohamadzade عضو هیئت علمی دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور ایران nasrabadi55@yahoo.com مهرداد پویا Mehrdad Poya دانشجوی دکتری توسعۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا و عضو هیئت علمی گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه نهاوند ایران mehrdadpoya@yahoo.com بهنام صفری Behnam Safari دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور ایران behnam_s89@yahoo.com جهاد کشاورزی رفتار اطلاع‌یابی شرکت‌های خدمات مشاوره‌ای کشاورزی کارشناسان Anonymous. (2005). Harnesing information and communication technology (ICT) facilities to promote a user responsive agribusiness statistics and information system. From: http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/ab992e06.htm##Bashiri, J. (2001). Assessing the information needs of researches of livestock centers of Jihad-e-Keshavarzi Ministry. MS Thesis of Library and Information Science of Azad University,Tehran, Iran.##Bashiri, j. (2007). Survey on scientific boards information needs in Agricultural Research & Education Organization. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 75. pp: 50-58##Bigdeli, Z. (2007). "Iranian engineers' information needs and seeking habits: an agro-industry company experience" Journal of Information Research, 12(2) paper 290. From: http://InformationR.net/ir/12-2/paper290.html##Emadi, M. H. (2005). The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Facility of Agricultural Development Process. Journal of Jihad, 269. Pp: 56-63.##Hakimi, H. (1997). A study of information-seeking behaviour of researchers at the Iranian Natural Resources Research Centres. Unpublished master thesis, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.##Kumar, D. (2010). An Analytical study of informationseeking-behaviour among agricultural scientists in Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology. International Journal of Library and Information Science, 2(8), pp 164-168.##Kumaran, M., D. D. Vimala, S. Raja and M. Alagappan. (2012). Information Seeking Behaviour of Extension Personnel in Aquaculture Sector. Fishery Technology, 49(2012), pp 87-91.##Malek-Mohammadi, I. (2000). An investigation of current information system in the Ministry of Jihad-e Sazandegi. Tehran, Iran: Ministry of Jihad-e Sazandegi.##Mohammadi, D. (2002). An Investigation of the factors influencing information-seeking behaviour of extension workers in Zanjan province of Iran., M.Sc. Dissertation. University of Tehran.##Mugwisi, T., D. N. Ocholla and J. Mostert. (2012). The information needs of agricultural researchers and extension workers in Zimbabwe. An overview of the findings. Publications of Department of Information Studies - University of Zululand From: http://www.lis.uzulu.ac.za/index.php/research/51-2012-publications##Noormohammadi, H. (1997). A study of information-seeking behaviour of specialists in obtaining scientific and technical information at Engineering Research Centres of Ministry of Agriculture. Unpublished Master's thesis, Tarbiat Moddarres University, Tehran, Iran.##Norouzi Chalaki, A. (2006). The main and affecting factors on the behavior of information seekers. Journal of Library and Information Science, 1(9).##Paisley, W.J. (1968) "Information Needs and Uses". Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. Washington: American Society for Information Science.##Pongrihadulachi, A. (1998). Application of Information Technology in Agriculture in Thailand. From: http://zoushoku.narc.go.jp/ADR/AFITA/afita/afita-conf/1998/so1.pdf##Radmehr, A. and F. Tasviri Ghamsari. (2006). Studying of information seeking behavior of researchers of engineering research center of Jihad-e-Keshavarzi. Seasonal Journal of Book, 65, pp: 23-36.##Rasouli Azad, M.R.R. (2001). A survey of information-seeking behaviour of experts and researchers at the Agricultural Research, Education and Promotion Organization in sing agricultural special libraries. Unpublished Master's thesis, Islamic Azad University, Northern Tehran Campus, Iran.##Sadighi, H. and A. Darvishinia. (2002). An Assessment of the success of rural production cooperatives in Mazandaran Province. Iranian journal of Agricultural Science, 33(2). Pp: 313-323.##Shih, W. R. & Evans, J. F. (1991). Where field staff get information. Journal of Extension, 29(3). Retrieved 20 February, 2011 from http://www.Joe.org/joe/1991february/a5.html##Singh, K. P., M. P. Satija. (2007). Information Seeking Behaviour of agricultural scientists with particular reference to their information seeking strategies, Annals of Library and Information Studies, 54, pp 213-220.##Ucak, ozan, N. (1998). Information Seeking and Information Behavior of at a Turkish University. From: http://www.Ifla.Org/IV/ifla 64/041-112 e.htm##Waring Mundy, P. G. (1992). Information Sources of Agricultural Extension Experts in Indonesia. PhD Thesis in Doctor of Philosophy (Mass Communication) at the University of Wisconsin Madison. From: http://www.mamud.com/Docs/00frontmtr.pdf##Wilson, T. D. (2000). Human information behavior. Informing Science, 3 (2), 49-56. Retrieved 8 October, 2003. from http://209.68.25.5/Articles/Vol3/v3n2p49-56.pdf##Zamani Miandashti, N. (2003). Information-seeking behaviour of Iranian extension managers and specialists. M.Sc. Dissertation. University of Tarbiat Modarres, Iran.##

0 تعیین بهترین گزینۀ قرارداد بیمۀ تکمیلی پسته در منطقۀ رفسنجان: کاربرد معیارهای برتری تصادفی Determining the best option of pistachio supplemental insurance contract in Rafsanjan District: Application of stochastic dominance criteria https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55539.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55539 0 یکی از ویژگی‌های مهم کشاورزی- که کشاورزان با آن‌ها روبه‌رو می‌شوند- سطح بالای ریسک‌های تولیدی، بازاری و مالی است. برنامه‌ها، سیاست‌ها و اقدامات مختلفی به کاهش این ریسک‌ها کمک می‌کنند، اما کشاورزان برنامه‌هایی را ترجیح می‌دهند که موجب کاهش ریسک و افزایش سطح درآمد می‌شوند. بیمة محصولات، یکی از بهترین این برنامه‌هاست. هدف مطالعة حاضر این است که بهترین گزینة قرارداد بیمة تکمیلی محصول پستة شهرستان رفسنجان را از دیدگاه پسته‌کاران تعیین کند. از این‌رو، درآمد خالص در هکتار برای گزینه‌های مختلف بیمة تکمیلی پسته در منطقة رفسنجان شبیه‌سازی و بهترین گزینه براساس معیارهای برتری تصادفی تعیین شد. برای این هدف، از داده‌های سری زمانی مربوط به دورة زمانی 1384- 1389، قیمت، عملکرد، هزینة تولید در هکتار، حق بیمه و غرامت در هکتار استفاده شد. مطابق نتایج، سه گزینة بیمة تکمیلی پسته بر گزینة نداشتن بیمه، برتری تصادفی درجة یک را به نمایش گذاشتند. همچنین براساس نتایج برتری تصادفی با توجه به یک تابع، برای پسته‌کارانی که ریسک‌گریزی پایینی دارند، گزینة سوم بیمه و برای پسته‌کارانی که ریسک‌گریزی بالایی دارند، گزینة دوم بیمه مناسب‌تر است. 1 An important feature of agriculture is the high level of production, market and financial risks faced by farmers. There are different policies, programs and measures that contribute to the reduction of these risks. The farmers prefer programs that reduce the income risk and increase the income level. Crop insurance is one of the best these programs. The purpose is to determine the best option of Pistachio supplemental insurance from the perspective of Pistachio Growers in Rafsanjan district. Therefore, net income per hectar for different options was simulated and the best option was determined according to stochastic dominance criteria. Six years data of price, yield, production cost per hectar, premium and compensation per hectar were used for this analysis. The results showed that three options of Pistachio supplemental insurance exhibited first degree stochastic dominance over the refusal of insurance and results of stochastic dominance with respect to a function indicated that for risk aversion less Pistachio Growers, the third option but at risk aversion greater, the second option is the best option. 569 577 عباس میرزایی Abbas Mirzaei دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز ایران mabbas1369@gmail.com منصور زیبایی Mansour Zibaei استاد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز ایران zibaei@shirazu.ac.ir پسته رفسنجان گزینه‌های بیمة تکمیلی معیارهای برتری تصادفی Abdollahi Ezat Abadi, M. & Eslamlooian, K. (2007). Factors affecting willingness to accept the pistachio insurance plan in Iran, Journalof Agricultural Science. 17,13-23. (In Farsi).## Abdollahi Ezat Abadi, M. & Najafi, B. (2002). Study of Iranian pistachio growers income fluctuations: Toward system of crop insurance and the creation of future and options markets. Thesis of PhD, Agricultural college, Shiraz university. (In Farsi).##Coble, K. H., Zuniga, M. & Heifner, R. (2003). Evalution of the interaction of risk management tools for cotton and soybeans, Agricultural Systems. 75, 323-340.##Falsafian, A., Torkamani, J. & Ghahramanzadeh, M. (2005).Comparison of different types of insurance on the cultivation pattern: A case study of East Azerbaijan Province. Fifth Biennial Conference of Iranian Agricultural Economics, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan University.##Hardaker, J. B., Huirne, R. B. M. & Anderson, J. R. (1997). Coping with Risk in Agriculture. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.##Hardaker, J. B, Huirne R. B. M. & Anderson J. R. (2004). Coping with Risk in Agriculture. CAB International. New York.##Kerman Agricultural Institution. Information bank of Rafsanjan Pistachio during different years.##Mirzaei, A. & Zibaei, M. (2014). Factor affecting on acceptance of pistachio supplementary insurance options in Rafsanjan. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development. 28(1): 26-34. (In Farsi).##Richardson, J. W. (2008). Simulation for applied risk management with an introduction to SIMETAR. College station: Department of Agriculture Economics, Texas A&M university.##Salami, H. & Ahmadabadi, E. (2001). Effecting factor on willing to buy crops insurance. Case stud: Khorasan province. Articles of Agricultural Insurance Conference.##Sannikova, M. & Bokusheva, R. (2007). Instruments reducing climatic risk for Russian agriculture. Paper prepared for presentation at the 101st EAAE Seminar Management of Climate Risks in Agriculture, Berlin, Germany, July, 2007.##Skees, J. R., Black, J. R. & Barnett, B. J. (1997). Designing and rating an area-yield crop insurance contract. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 79, 430-438.##Turvey, C. G. (1992). An economic analysis of alternative farm revenue insurance policies. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics. 40, 403-426.##Valvekar, M., Cabrera, V. E. & Gould, B. W. (2010). Identifying cost Minimizing strategies for guaranteeing target dairy income over feed cost via use of the LGM-Dairy insurance program. Journal of Dairy Science. 93, 3350–3357.##Valvekar, M., Chavas, J. P., Gould, B. W. & Cabrera, V. E. (2011). Revenue risk management, risk aversion and the use of livestock gross margin for dairy cattle insurance. Agricultural System. 104, 671-678.##

0 تحلیل قوت‌ها، ضعف‌ها، فرصت ها و تهدیدهای تعاونی‌های تولید کشاورزی شهرستان سیرجان Analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatening agricultural production cooperatives in Sirjan city https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55541.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55541 0 با توجه به نقش تعاونی‌های تولید کشاورزی در بهبود نظام بهره‌برداری، افزایش درآمد، اشتغال، تأمین نیازهای اساسی و توزیع مساوی امکانات، باید عملکرد این شرکت‌ها به­دقت بررسی و ارزیابی شود. مطالعة حاضر با هدف شناسایی قوت‌ها، ضعف‌ها، فرصت­ها و تهدیدهای تعاونی‌های تولید کشاورزی انجام گرفت. روش این مطالعه، توصیفی- پیمایشی است. اطلاعات لازم با استفاده از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه در سال 1391 گردآوری شد. سپس این اطلاعات با استفاده از ماتریس SWOT بررسی شدند. با توجه به نتایج تحقیق، نه قوت دربرابر پانزده ضعف داخلی و هفده فرصت خارجی دربرابر هفت تهدید خارجی شناسایی و بررسی شدند. درمجموع، تعاونی‌های تولید کشاورزی 26 قوت و فرصت به‌عنوان مزیت و 22 ضعف و تهدید به‌عنوان محدودیت و تنگنا دارند؛ بنابراین، آستانة موفقیت تعاونی‌ها بالاست و با ارائة راهبردهای مناسب و با استفاده از قوت‌ها و فرصت‌ها برای رفع ضعف‌ها و تهدیدها می‌توان میزان موفقیت آن­ها را افزایش داد. 1 With regard to the role of agricultural production cooperatives are in improving the system of interest-taking, increased income, employment, provision of basic necessities and equal distribution facilities, necessary to the function of these companies be carefully evaluated. Therefore, the present study aimed at identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats agricultural production cooperatives have been done. Method of study is descriptive-survey. Data from questionnaires and interviews collected in 2013. The data were analyzed using the SWOT matrix. According to the results, 9 strengths against 15 internal weaknesses and 17 external opportunities against 7 external threats identify and investigate. A total of 26 strengths and opportunities as advantage and 22 weaknesses and threats as constraint and bottleneck agricultural production cooperatives are facing. Therefore success threshold of cooperative was high and the provision of appropriate strategies and use of strengths and opportunities in order to overcome the weaknesses and threats can be added to the success of cooperatives 579 588 نسرین اوحدی Nasrin Ohadi کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی ایران nasrin.ohadi@yahoo.com ژاله کورکی نژاد Jaleh Kurki Nejad دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه پیام نور سیرجان ایران j_k1819@yahoo.com تعاونی‌های تولید کشاورزی شهرستان سیرجان ماتریس SWOT Ataei, M. (2009). Multi-Criteria Decision, Shahrood University Press. (In Farsi)##Babaei Fini, O., Rahmani, B. & Hazrati, M. (2012). Analysis effective factors on development of agricultural cooperatives in rural economy (case study: Khodabandeh). Arid Region Geographic Studies,3(11), 113-132. (In Farsi)##Bartlett, J.E., Kotrlik J.W. & Higgins C.C. (2001). Organizational research:Determining appropriate sample size in survey research, InformationTechnology. Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1), 43- 50.##Buzarjamheri, Kh. & Hadizadeh Bazaz, M. (2011). Analysis effective factors on development of product cooperatives in Khorasan Razavi with using SWOT model. 1rd National Conference on Geography and Rural Development Planning, Mashhad Moghadas, 1237-1252. (In Farsi)##Daneshvar Kakhaki, M., Aamel, H., Hatef, H. & Sarvary, A. (2010). Management of rural production cooperatives in the province. Journal of Rural Development, Year XII, 4, 23-37. (In Farsi)##Department of Cooperatives city of Sirjan, Sirjan city of Statistics Cooperative, unpublished report. (2013).##Downey, J. (2007). Strategic analysis tools. The chartered institute of management accountants. Topic gateway series NO. 34. www.cimaglobal.com.##Eslami Nasab, M. (2000). From thought to action. Cooperation 1. 1, 4-8. (In Farsi)##Hazrati, M., Majidi, M.& Rahmani, B. (2011). Factors affecting the success of agricultural cooperatives in the rural economy of the city center Khodabandeh. Journal of Cooperatives, 12(3), 89-109. (In Farsi)##Karbasi, A. & Ohadi, N. (2012). estimate the economic efficiency of agricultural production cooperatives (case study city of Sirjan). Journal of Cooperatives,22(6), 19-1. (In Farsi)##Malayim,Z.G. (2003).Cooperative, Yetkin Yayinlari, Ankara.##Mansour Bostani, R., Heidari, A. & Sedighi, H. (2010). Factors promote and develop a culture of cooperation in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. Journal of Cooperatives, 20,35 - 53. (In Farsi)##Ministry of Cooperatives, Office of Statistics and Information Technology. (2007).##Ozdemir, G. (2005). Cooperative Shareholder relations in agriculturalcooperatives in Turkey. Journal of Asian Economics, 16, 315-325.##Roknadin Eftekhari, A. (2007). Impact assessment of microcredit banks in agricultural development. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 56, 45-76. (In Farsi)##Rathod, P., Nikam, T.R., Landge, S. & Hatey, A. (2011). SWOT analysis of dairy cooperatives: a case study of WESTERN MAHARASHTRA. International Journal of Research in Commerce & Management,2(8), 35-42.##Sadi, H. (2008). Assess agricultural production cooperatives in the province KABOUDAR AHANG city. Journal of Rural Development,1(2), 140-167. (In Farsi)##Salari, M. & Mohammad Gholi Niya, J. (2011). The role of social strategies to increase productivity and efficiency in cooperative A Case Study in South Khorasan wheat production in 2007. Journal of Cooperatives,21(1), 87-100. (In Farsi)##Samari, A. & Rasoul Zadeh, B. (2009). Variables influencing the increase in motivation and achievement in cooperative management. Journal Public Administration, 1, 33-50. (In Farsi)##Spielman, D.J. & Bernard,T. (2009). Reaching the rural poor through rural producer organization? Food Policy, 34, 60-69.##International Cooperative Alliance website (ica). (2010). Stats. Available www.ica.coop##Toksoy, D., Yenigun., M. & Sen, G. (2009). Evaluation of agricultural development cooperatives in the forest villages by SWOT Analysis (the case study in Macka). Kastamonu Universitesi Oman Fakultesi Dergisi, 9(1),12-18.##Unal, V. (2008). A Comparative study of success and failure of fisherycooperatives in the Agean, Turkey. Journal Compillation©2008 BlackwellVerlag, Berlin ISSN0175-8659.##

0 ارزیابی کیفیت برنامه درسی گرایشی مقطع کارشناسی ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی (مورد مطالعه: دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان) The quality assessment of undergraduate agricultural extension and education's minor curriculum (Case study: Khuzestan Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55542.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55542 0 در بازنگری دروس مقطع کارشناسی ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی در ابتدای دهة 1380، برای جبران نقص‌های برنامة درسی مذکور، برنامة درسی گرایشی نیز به آن اضافه شد. حال با گذشت بیش از یک دهه از اجرای این برنامة درسی، در زمینة کیفیت و حتی در بعضی موارد دربارة ضرورت وجودی آن پرسش‌هایی مطرح شده است؛ بنابراین، هدف این مطالعه ارزیابی کیفیت برنامة درسی گرایشی مقطع کارشناسی ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی است. تحقیق حاضر از نوع مطالعات توصیفی- پیمایشی است و جامعة آماری آن را تمام دانش‏آموختگان مقطع کارشناسی رشتة ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان در سه دورة اخیر (120 نفر) تشکیل می‌دهند. از این تعداد، با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان و روش نمونه‏گیری کاملاً تصادفی، 92 نفر به‌عنوان نمونة آماری انتخاب شدند. برای اجرای پژوهش از پرسشنامه‌ای محقق‌ساخته استفاده شد که در آن، دو مؤلفة اصلی کیفیت از دیدگاه بانک جهانی (عملکرد و محیط یادگیری) براساس مقیاس پنج­درجه‌ای لیکرت سنجیده شدند. روایی پرسشنامه توسط پنلی از متخصصان و پایایی آن با انجام مطالعه‏ای پیشاهنگ و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (بیش از 7/0 برای تمامی متغیرها) تأیید شد. نتایج نشان داد اکثر پاسخگویان به درج نام رشتة گرایشی در گواهینامة پایان تحصیلات خود تمایل دارند و از نظر آنان وجود این دروس مفید است. با اینکه از دیدگاه پاسخگویان، متغیر محیط ‏یادگیری در وضعیتی نامطلوب و متغیر دستاوردهای یادگیری و کیفیت کلی دروس گرایشی در وضعیتی مطلوب ارزیابی شد، پاسخگویان اعلام کردند که اعضای هیئت علمی سایر رشته‏ها دیدی مثبت به دانشجویان ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی ندارند و همچنین اعلام کردند که دروس گرایشی در وضعیت فعلی خود دانشجویان را برای ورود به بازار کار آماده نمی­کنند. نحوة انتخاب دروس گرایشی و نوع فعالیت خانوادگی، تفاوت آماری معناداری را در میانگین متغیرهای اصلی مطالعه ایجاد کرد. 1 In the beginning of the 2000s, the curriculum of Agricultural Extension andEducation undergraduate program has been revised. Toward decreasing its inefficiency agricultural minor courses has been added to the curriculum. After a decade of implementing the curriculum, its quality is questionable. In this regards, this study was undertaken to assess the quality of Agricultural Extension and Education' minor courses in Khuzestan Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Regarding data collection this study was a quantitative and descriptive–survey based. All 120 B.A. graduates of Agricultural Extension and Education course at theUniversity in three consecutive periods were considered as the statistical population (N=120). From which 92 graduates were selected randomly as a sample based on Krejcie and Morgan's table. Researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two main constructs of quality was based on the World Bank's two main elements of definition of quality: "Learning outcomes" and "Learning environment" which were measured using the five point Likert scale. The results stated that most participants tend to prefer to have name of their course on their final certificate and in their opinion the subjects were useful. The respondents also assessed the variable of learning environment at an undesirable level and the variable of learning outcomes and the quality of the subjects at a desirable level. They also found that the faculty members of other courses did not have a positive outlook towards students of Agricultural Extension and Education course. They also declared that agricultural promotion and training course at the present state cannot prepare students to enter the job market. The type of subject selection for the course and the type of family activities presented a significance difference between the main research variables. 589 598 امید مهراب قوچانی Omid Mehrab Ghochani دانشجوی دکتری ترویج کشاورزی، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان ایران mehrab.omid@gmail.com سعید محمدزاده Saeid Mohamadzadeh استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش و کشاورزی، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان ایران sd.muhamad@gmail.com برنامهریزی درسی دروس گرایشی رشتة ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی کیفیت Akbari lakeh, M., Karimi Mounaghi, H., & Isanlou, O. (2011). Return on Investment” Model for Educational Planning. Horizons of Medical Education Development, 4(3), 27-31.##Babbar, S. (1995). Applying total quality management to educational instruction: A case study from a US public university. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 8(7), 35-55.##Baum, S., & Payea, K. (2005). The Benefits of Higher Education for Individuals and Society. College Board, Connect to college success. Available in: www.collegeboard.com##Bloom, D., Canning, D., & Chan, K. (2006). Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa. Human Development Sector Africa Region. HARVARD UNIVERSITY.##Ermer, D. S. (1995). Using QFD becomes an educational experience for students and faculty. Quality Progress, 28(5), 131-138.##ÜNAL, Ö. F. (2001). APPLICATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. Journal of Qafqaz University, (7), 1.##Hewitt, F., & Clayton, M. (1999). Quality and complexity–lessons from English higher education. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 16(9), 838-858.##Hwarng, H. B., & Teo, C. (2001). Translating customers’ voices into operations requirements-A QFD application in higher education. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 18(2), 195-226.##Johnston, R. (1995). The determinants of service quality: satisfiers and dissatisfiers. 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0 فرسودگی شغلی کارکنان سازمان جهاد کشاورزی خراسان جنوبی کاربرد مدل تقاضا، کنترل شغلی و حمایت اجتماعی Job burnout in employees of Agricultural Jahad Organization of Southern Khorasan province application of job demand-control- social support model https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55543.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55543 0 کشاورزی یکی از مهم‌ترین بخش‌های اقتصادی در استان خراسان جنوبی است که با توجه به محدودیت‌های اقلیمی در این استان، به‌منظور سیاستگذاری و برنامه‌ریزی مناسب، به تشکیلات سازمانی قدرتمند نیاز دارد. اثربخشی سازمان، مستلزم داشتن کارکنانی با انگیزه، سلامت روان و توان بالا در انجام وظایف است. پدیدة فرسودگی شغلی، عوارض نامطلوبی در سازمان ایجاد می‌کند و باید اقداماتی را برای کنترل آن انجام داد. در نخستین گام، باید فراوانی و عوامل مؤثر بر این پدیده بررسی شود. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، بررسی فرسودگی شغلی کارکنان سازمان جهاد کشاورزی خراسان جنوبی با استفاده از مدل تقاضا، کنترل شغلی و حمایت اجتماعی است. جامعة آماری تحقیق شامل کارکنان سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان خراسان جنوبی است که 122 نفر از آن‌ها از طریق فرمول کوکران به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. این پژوهش به­روش پیمایشی انجام گرفت و روایی پرسشنامة تحقیق با استفاده از نظرهای متخصصان تأیید شد. ضریب آلفای کرونباخ نیز در این مطالعه برای تقاضاهای شغلی 74/0، کنترل شغلی 82/0، حمایت همکار 77/0، حمایت مدیر 80/0 و فرسودگی شغلی 78/0 به‌دست آمد. نتایج مطالعه نشان می­دهد تقاضا و کنترل شغلی و همچنین حمایت اجتماعی، با فرسودگی شغلی رابطة معنی‌داری دارد. نتایج آزمون رگرسیون سلسله‌مراتبی نیز نشان می‌دهد کنترل شغلی و حمایت اجتماعی، آثار تقاضاهای شغلی را تعدیل نمی‌کند. همچنین، تقاضای شغلی و سابقة کاری، 4/30 درصد تغییرات فرسودگی شغلی را تبیین می‌کند. در پایان، پیشنهاد می‌شود با ایجاد ساختارها و شبکه‌های اجتماعی و تعامل بیشتر مدیر با کارکنان و همچنین تعریف سازوکارهای مناسب در راستای دادن کنترل شغلی به کارکنان اقدام شود تا پدیدة فرسودگی شغلی نیز کاهش یابد. 1 Agricultural sector is one of the most important economic sectors in Southern Khorasan province and due to climatic constraints requires strong organizational structure for suitable policy and planning. Organizational effectiveness requires motivated and mental health employees to perform their duties. Job burnout has adverse outcomes for the organization and must take measures to control it. The first step should be to examine the prevalence and factors affecting this phenomenon. The main purpose of this study was survey burnout of Southern Khorasan Agricultural Jahad Organization’s employees using job demand-control-social support model. The sample of study consisted of 122 employees of Southern Khorasan Agricultural jahad Organization. The questionnaire validity confirmed using expert opinion and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for job demand, job control, coworker support, supervisor support and job burnout were 0.74, 0.82, 0.77, 0.80 and 0.78 respectively. Results of the study showed that there was significant relationship between burnout and job demand, job control and social support. The results of hierarchical regression showed that just job demands and work experience have able to predict 30.4% of changes on job burnout and job control and social support are not moderated the effects Job demands. At the end, to reduce of job burnout suggested creates social structures and networks, and more interaction with the staff director and definition of appropriate mechanisms in order to give control to the employees. 599 608 حشمت الله سعدی Heshmatoalloh Saadi دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان ایران hsaadi48@yahoo.com سید محمد جعفر اصفهانی Seyed Mohamad Jaafar Esfehani دانشجوی دکتری توسعة کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان ایران isjafar@yahoo.com تقاضاهای شغلی حمایت اجتماعی سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان خراسان جنوبی فرسودگی شغلی کنترل شغلی Adibi, Z., Golparvar, M.,& Mosahebi, M.R. 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0 بررسی اثر سیاست قیمت‌گذاری محصولات کشاورزی بر ارزش اقتصادی آب (مطالعۀ موردی: زراعت چغندرقند در شهرستان نیشابور) The effect of agricultural product pricing policies on the economic value of water (Case study: Sugar beet farming in the city of Nishabur) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55544.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55544 0 تعیین قیمت آب معادل ارزش اقتصادی آن، نقش عمده‌ای در مدیریت تقاضای آب، به‌ویژه در شرایط بحران کم‌آبی اخیر دارد. قیمت محصول، جزئی اساسی در تعیین ارزش اقتصادی آن است؛ بنابراین، اتخاذ سیاست‌های حمایتی صحیح در زمینة قیمت­گذاری محصولات، اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. در این راستا، هدف از مطالعة حاضر تحلیل اثر سیاست قیمت تضمینی محصول چغندرقند بر ارزش واقعی آب و تخصیص بهینة آن در شهرستان نیشابور است. به­این‌منظور، ابتدا فرم تابعی مناسب و منطبق بر فناوری تولید این محصول براساس معیارهای اقتصادسنجی با استفاده از اطلاعات مربوط به 95 کشاورز در سال 1389- که با روش نمونه‌گیری دومرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند- تعیین و تولید نهایی آب محاسبه شد. سپس ارزش اقتصادی آب، با درنظرگرفتن قیمت‌های تضمینی مختلف در چند سناریو تحلیل شد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد تابع تولید ترانسلوگ بهترین فرم تابعی است. ارزش اقتصادی آب براساس قیمت‌های سال 1389، معادل 5/1430 ریال به‌ازای هر مترمکعب برآورد شد که تفاوت عمده‌ای با قیمت پرداختی کشاورزان دارد. همچنین، نتایج بیانگر آن است که اعمال قیمت‌های تضمینی مختلف برای چغندرقند، به تفاوت‌های شایان توجهی در ارزش اقتصادی آب منجر می‌شود؛ بنابراین، برای افزایش بازدهی مصرف آب، قیمت تضمینی محصولات کشاورزی باید با احتیاط بیشتری تعیین شود تا با انعکاس ارزش واقعی آب، از اتلاف آن جلوگیری شود. 1 Setting the price of water equal to its economic value has important role in the management of water demand, especially in the recent water crisis. One of the main components in determining economic value of water is the price of the product. Therefore, it is important to adopt precise supportive policies on pricing the product. Therefore, the purposeof the presentstudyisto analysis the effect of guaranteedpricepolicy for sugar beet onthe realvalueof water and its optimal allocation inNeyshabur. To this end,at the first,the appropriate functional form conformed to the production technology of the sugar beetwas selectedbased on econometriccriteriaand usinginformation about95farmersin theyear2011 which were selected by two stage sampling method and marginalproductivity of water was calculated.Then, the economic value ofwaterwas analyzedinseveralscenarios consideringdifferent guaranteed prices. The resultsshowthatthe bestfunctional formforthe productionfunctionis Translogfunctionandeconomic value of waterbased on2011 price was estimated1430.5 Rails percubic meterswhichhasmajor differencewiththefarmers payingprice. 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0 اثر آزادسازی تجاری بر کیفیت محیط زیست در کشورهای توسعه یافته و در حال توسعه The effect of trade liberalization on the quality of the environment evidence developed and developing countries https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55813.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55813 0 محیط‌زیست یکی از مهم‌ترین منابع تولید است. عدم استفادة‌ بهینه از محیط‌زیست سبب بروز مشکلات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و سیاسی در هر کشوری می‌شود. در تحقیق حاضر، رابطۀ بین کیفیت محیط‌زیست و آزادسازی تجاری در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته و درحال‌توسعه در سال‌های 1990- 2013 بررسی شد. در این راستا، از دو شاخص انتشار گاز دی‌اکسیدکربن (آلودگی هوا) و مواد آلی (آلودگی آب) برای نشان‌دادن کیفیت محیط‌زیست استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد در بلندمدت بین متغیرهای شاخص کیفیت محیط‌زیست و آزادسازی تجاری رابطة مثبت و معنی‌داری وجود دارد. همچنین، وجود منحنی کوزنتس زیست‌محیطی برای هر دو نوع آلودگی در گروه کشورهای توسعه‌یافته و برای آلودگی هوا در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه تأیید شد. همچنین، نتایج بیانگر نبود منحنی یادشده برای آلودگی آب در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه است. 1 In this study ,the relationship between environmental quality and trade liberalization in developed and developing countries during the years 1990-2013 were examined.in this context the two indicators of carbon dioxide emissions (air pollution) and organic materials (water pollutions) was used to demonstrate the quality of the environment. The results of modeling the combined data for the two groups of developing and developed countries, showed that the long term relationship between variable quality of the environment and trade liberalization. Also, there is an environmental Kuznets curve for both types of pollution to air pollution in developed countries and developing countries was approved. On the other hand, the results showed the absence of water pollution in developing countries is the graph above. 623 632 سیدنعمت اله موسوی Seyed Nematollah Mousavi دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مرودشت ایران seyed_1976mo@yahoo.com آزادسازی تجاری آلودگی آب آلودگی هوا کشورهای درحال‌توسعه و توسعه‌یافته منحنی کوزنتس زیست‌محیطی Asghari, M., Rafsanjanipoor, S. (2013). The impact of the flow of foreign investment on the quality of the environment selected countries and areas. Journal of Economic development research, 1(9), 1–30. (In Farsi)##Dina, S. (2004). Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: a survey. Ecological economics, no. 49, pp. 431-455.##Esmaeili, A., Rahmati, D. (2007). The effects of liberalizing trade on agriculture in Iran. Journal of Economics and agriculture, 7(1), 119–128. (In Farsi)##Halicioglu, F. (2009).An Econometric study of CO2 Emissions Energy consumption, Income and foreg in trod in Turkey. the Journal Energy policy,No. 34.pp. 1-17.##Holinger, K. (2008). Tradliberization and the environment: A study of NAFTA’s impact in E1 paso, Texas and Juarez, Mexico. Virginia polytechnic indtitute and state university, pp. 1-7.##Mohammadi,H., Naghshinefard, M. (2006). The effects of liberalizing trade on supply, demand, the import and export of wheat and pistachios. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12(1), 35–49. (In Farsi)##Motefakerazad, M., Mohammadikhanghahi, R. (2012). Effects of economic growth, energy consumption and the degree ofopenness on the quality of the environment. Journal of environmental economics. Journal of Economics of the environment, 3(3), 89–106. (In Farsi)##Sadeghi, K., Motefakerazad, M., Porebadelhan, M., &Shahbazzadehkhiyavi, A. (2012). The relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, Ali, foreign direct investment, per capita energy consumption and GDP in Iran. Journal of Environmental and energy economics, 1(4), 101–116. (In Farsi)##Shen, J. (2008). Trad liberalization and environmental degradation in china. Journal of Applied Economics, Vol. 40, No. 8. Pp.997-1004.##

0 بررسی عوامل ترویجی مؤثر بر پذیرش فناوری‌های حفاظت آب در استان سمنان Analyzing of extension factors role affecting the adoption of water conservation Technologies in Semnan https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_55814.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.55814 0 باتوجه به کاهش بارندگی و درنتیجه کاهش منابع آب کشاورزی، استفاده از فناوری‌های مؤثر بر مصرف درست آب ضروری است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی نقش متغیرهای ترویجی در پذیرش فناوری‌های حفاظت آب در استان سمنان انجام گرفت. تحقیق حاضر از نوع کاربردی است که با روش علی- ارتباطی صورت گرفت. متغیر مستقل تحقیق روش‌های ترویجی و متغیر وابستة تحقیق میزان پذیرش فناوری‌های حفاظت از آب توسط کشاورزان استان سمنان است. جامعة آماری تحقیق حدود 14000 نفر از کشاورزان استان سمنان بودند که در شهرستان‌های مربوطه سکنا دارند. براساس فرمول کوکران، تعداد نمونة مورد نظر 215 نفر تعیین شد که برای دقت بیشتر این تعداد به 220 نفر افزایش یافت و 212 پرسشنامه قابل تحلیل و بررسی بود. به‌منظور تعیین نقش متغیرهای ترویجی از رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام استفاده شد که این متغیرها درمجموع توان تبیین 2/54 درصد واریانس متغیر وابستة پذیرش فناوری‌های حفاظت آب را داشتند. به‌کارگیری روش‌های مشارکتی با توان تبیین 4/16 درصد واریانس پذیرش فناوری‌های حفاظت آب، استفاده از فناوری‌ها در مزارع نمایشی و پخش فیلم‌های ویدئویی با توان تبیین 3/25 درصد، متغیر آموزش از طریق مددکاران ترویجی با 7/7 درصد و درنهایت دو متغیر به‌کارگیری فناوری از طریق مشورت با مددکاران ترویجی و آموزش از طریق شرکت‌های خدمات مشاوره با 8/4 درصد به‌ترتیب بیشترین نقش را در پذیرش فناوری‌های حفاظت آب داشتند. 1 Reduced rainfall and consequently reduce agricultural water resources the use of technologies that could Influence on water consumption It is essential. This study was conducted to investigate role of extension factors in the adoption of water conservation technologies in Semnan province. The methodological approach in this research was a causal-regression and applied survey. Independent variable included extension methods and dependent variable was adoption rate of water conservation technologies by farmers in the Semnan province. The statistical population of about 14,000 farmers in the Semnan province in which the city settled quartiles based on Cochran's formula was used to determine sample, n= 215 but For more correct, this number rose to 220 and 212 analyzable questionnaires were checked. In conclusion, these factors totally explained 54.2 percent of the adoption. Collaborative-facilitated methods were explained 16.4 percent of variance related to water conservation technologies. Using of technologies in exhibitive farms and distribution of video films included 25.3 of the variance, two variables of technology adoption by farmers and training samples (7.7%) explained and finally in the fourth step, the two variables through the use of technology consulting careers with advocacy and education consulting (4.8%) were in the process. 633 644 محمد صادق صبوری Mohammad Sadegh Sabouri گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران ایران sabouri5413@yahoo.com علی نوری امام زاده Ali Nouri Emamzadeh گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران ایران ali.nouriem@gmail.com استان سمنان پذیرش عوامل ترویجی فناوری‌های حفاظت آب Afrakhteh,H, Armand, M and Askari Bozayeh,F. (2015). Analysis of Factors Affecting Adoption and Application of Sprinkler Irrigation by Farmers in Famenin County, Iran. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development,5(2),89-99. 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