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0 الگوی پیش بینی پتانسیل تولید محصولات زراعی ایران برای افق سال 1404 The projection model of Iran’s crop production in 2025 https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53834.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53834 0 هدف مطالعة حاضر ارائة الگویی است که پیش‌بینی‌هایی از عرضة محصولات عمدة زراعی را برای افق سال 1404 فراهم کند. در این راستا، الگویی در چارچوب رویکرد برنامه‌ریزی ریاضی مثبت (PMP) توسعه داده شد. این الگو به محدودیت‌های عوامل تولیدی هریک از استان‌های کشور در سال پایه (1387) و سال افق توجه می­کند و پیش‌بینی‌هایی از تولیدات زراعی هر استان و کل کشور ارائه می‌دهد. به‌علاوه، این مطالعه پیش‌بینی‌هایی از قیمت­ها و عملکرد محصولات را برای سال افق با استفاده از روش سری زمانی ARIMA فراهم می‌کند که در الگوی PMP استفاده می‌شود. پیش‌بینی­های به‌دست‌آمده از این الگو نشان می‌دهد در فاصلة سال‌های 1387 تا 1404 میزان تولید کل محصولات زراعی از 17/36 میلیون تن در سال پایه به 5/45 میلیون تن در سال 1404 می‌رسد که رشد 8/25 درصد را نشان می‌دهد. این میزان رشد در بین محصولات مختلف متفاوت است، به‌گونه‌ای که پیش‌بینی می­شود غلات بیشترین رشد (1/76 درصد) و صیفی‌جات (15/2 درصد) و نباتات صنعتی (5/20 درصد) کمترین رشد را داشته باشند. مقایسة مقادیر پیش‌بینی‌شدة عرضه با برآوردهایی از تقاضا در این سال نشان می‌دهد با ادامة وضعیت موجود در رشد تولید، عرضة گندم، سیب‌زمینی، پیاز و حبوبات تقاضا برای این محصولات را در سال افق تأمین می‌کند، اما کشور در عرضة محصولات برنج، دانه‌های روغنی و چغندر قند در سال افق با کمبود مواجه می‌شود. 1 The aim of this study is to develop a model to provide projections of supply of major crops in target year 2025 in Iran. To this end, a model was constructed using positive mathematical programming (PMP) approach. The model takes into account production factors constraints in different provinces in the base year as well as in the target year, and provides forecasts of potential supply of major crops in each of the provinces as well as in national level. In addition, price levels and land productivity of the crops for target year as input to the PMP model were projected using ARIMA time series approach. Results indicate that from 2008 to 2025, total crop production will increase from 36.17 million ton to 45.5 million ton with acumulative growth rate of 25.8 percent. The rate of change differs among different crops. Cereals show the highest growth rate (%76.1) while vegetable (%2.15) and industrial crops (%20.5) reveal the lowest ones. Comparing the predicted supply with those of demands indicates that supply of wheat, potato, onion and cereals will meet the direct demand for these commodities, however, the country will experience supply shortages in the case of oilseeds, sugar beet and rice and calls for more investments in production. 585 599 حبیب اله سلامی Habibollah Salami استاد اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران hsalami@ut.ac.ir تکتم محتشمی Toktam Mohtashami استادیار دانشگاه تربت حیدریه ایران t.mohtashami@gmail.com ایران افق سال 1404 برنامه‌ریزی ریاضی مثبت (PMP) پیش‌بینی عرضه محصولات زراعی Britz, W. (2004). CAPRI modeling system documentation. Common Agricultural Policy Regional Impact Analysis. Bonn. ##Enders, W. (2004). Applied econometric time series. New York. Wiley##FAO. (1993). The World food model -model specifications ESC/M/93/1.  Rome, Italy.##Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI). (2011). World agricultural outlook database. From http:// www . fapri . iastate . edu / tools / outlook . aspx##Freebairn, J.W. (1975). Forecasting for australian agriculture. Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 19(3)##Heckelei, T. (1997). Positive mathematical programming: review of the standard approach, CAPRI-Working Paper 97-03, University of Bonn.##Helming, J.F.M. (2005). A model of Dutch agriculture based on Positive Mathematical Programming with regional and environmental applications. PhD thesis, Wageningen University.##Howitt, R.E. (1995). Positive mathematical programming. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,  77(2)##Koc, A.A, Darnell B. S, Frank F, and Fabiosa, J. (1998). The Turkish agricultural policy analysis model. Technical Report 98-TR 42, Center for agricultural and rural development, Iowa State University.##Jikun, H, Rozelle, S & Rosegrant, M.W. (1997). China’s food economy to the 21st century: Supply, demand, and trade. 2020 Vision Discussion Paper No. 19. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute.##OECD. (2011). OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook. From http://stats.oecd.org/##Lampe, M. (1998). The world agricultural trade simulation system (WATSIM). Discussion Paper 98-05, Institute for Agricultural Policy, University of Bonn.##Ministry of Jahad-e-Keshavarzi. (2008). Production cost of agricultural crops, statistical database. (In Farsi)##Mohanty, S. Alexandratos, N & Bruinsma, J. (1998). The long term food outlook for India. Technical report 98. Center for agricultural and rural development, Iowa State University.## Paris, Q., & Howitt, R.E. (1998). An analysis of Ill-posed production problems using maximum entropy. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 80(1)## Paris, Q., & Arfini, F. (2000). Frontier cost functions, self-selection, price risk, PMP and agenda 2000. Euro tools Working Papers Series, No. 20.##Rosegrant, M.W., & Meijer. S. (2002). International model for policy analysis of agricultural commodities and trade (IMPACT), International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, from http://www.ifpri.org/themes/impact/impactmodel.pdf.##Rosegrant, M.W, Agcaoili-Sombilla, M & Perez, N. (1995). Global Food Projections to 2020. Discussion Paper No. 5., IFPRI, Washington DC.##Statistical Center of Iran. (2008). Statistical yearbook, Households' expenditure and revenues, Statistical Center of Iran. (In Farsi)##Statistical Center of Iran. (2008). Statistical yearbook, Sell price of agricultural products agricultural in rural regions of country, Statistical Center of Iran. (In Farsi)##USDA. (1996): Long Term Projections for International Agriculture to 2005. ERS Staff Paper No. 9612, August. Washington, DC.##Wiborg, T. (1998). KRAM - A sector model of danish agriculture, background and framework development. Working paper 98-WP 193. CARD, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.##

0 مدیریت ریسک قیمت محصول خرما با استفاده از بازار آتی (کاربرد مدل گارچ دو متغیره) Dates price risk management using futures markets tools (Bivariate GARCH model) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53835.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53835 0 کشاورزی فعالیتی است که مخاطرات زیادی دارد. در این فعالیت، انواع ریسک‌های طبیعی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی دست‌به‌دست هم می‌دهند و مجموعة شکننده و آسیب‌پذیری برای تولیدکنندگان فراهم می‌کنند. در این میان، ریسک قیمتی در محصولات کشاورزی، مشکلات مالی فراوانی برای تولیدکنندگان ایجاد کرده ‌است، این مطالعه بر امکان استفاده از بازار آتی به‌عنوان ابزار مدیریتی ریسک قیمتی محصول خرما تمرکز کرد؛ بنابراین ابتدا با استفاده از قیمت‌های ماهانة خرما و به‌کارگیری چارچوب تئوری میانگین واریانس، نسبت تأمین با روشOLS  تعیین شد. سپس به‌دلیل وجود واریانس‌های شرطی خودهمبسته، نسبت ‌تأمین متغیر طی زمان با استفاده از مدل گارچ‌ دومتغیره برآورد شد. ماتریس واریانس کوواریانس شرطی متغیر طی زمان براساس مدل‌های چندمتغیرة ناهمسان واریانسBekk  (1/1) تخمین زده شد. سپس با استفاده از نتایج این ماتریس‌ها، نسبت تأمین متغیر طی زمان برآورد شد. پیش‌بینی قیمت آتی خرما با استفاده از الگوی شبکة عصبی و الگوی گارچ است. نسبت تأمین استخراجی از روش گارچ دومتغیره به‌طور متوسط برابر 7/0 برآورد شد و بیانگر این است که حدود 70 درصد از ریسک قیمتی محصول خرما می‌تواند با فروش در بازار آتی کاهش ‌یابد. 1 Agricultural activities are risky activities. In these activities, various natural, social and economic risks have created fragile and vulnerable situation for producers. Price risk in agricultural products has caused financial problems for many producers and farmers. To deal with these price risks and price fluctuations, there are varieties of tools. This paper focused on futures markets instruments as risk management tools for date's price risks management. This study used monthly futures prices of dates and used mean-variance framework to determine the optimal hedge ratio with OLS method. Due to the conditional variances autocorrelated in residuals in regression models, time varying hedge ratios with Bivariate GARCH models were determined. Bivariate GARCH model was used in this study to determine hedge ratios. Therefore, first, time varying conditional variance covariance matrix with using multivariate models based on heterogeneous variance BEKK (1, 1) was estimated. Then, using the results of this matrix, the optimal time varing hedge ratios was calculated. Dates future price series were predicted using artificial neural networks pattern and the GARCH model. The results of hedge performance showed that time varying hedge ratios were eliminated more price risk than the OLS method. The results showed that the average hedge ratios of Bivariate GARCH model is 0.7, meaning that about 70% of the date's price risk could be reduced with sales in the futures market. 601 611 حبیبه شرافتمند Habibe Sherafatmand دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران ایران sherafatmandm@gmail.com سعید یزدانی Saied Yazdani استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران ایران syazdani@ut.ac.ir رضا مقدسی Reza Moghadasi دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران ایران r.moghaddasi@srbiau.ac.ir بازار آتی خرما ریسک قیمت مدل گارچ Abdolahi Ezatabadi, M., Najafi, B. (2003).survey the possibilities of using futures and options markets in reducing price volatility in agricultural products of Iran.case of study: pistachio. Seasonal journal of agricultural economic and development. 41-42. 1-25.(in farsi).##Abdolahi Ezatabadi, M., Najafi, B. (2006). Estimation of hedge ratios in futures and option markets for Iran agricultural products and identify the effecting factors on it .case of study: pistachio. Seasonal journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 2. 1-15.(in farsi).##Ai D. (2012). Hedging effectiveness of constant and time varying hedge ratios using futures contracts: the case of Ontario and Alberta Feedlot industries. A thesis presented to the University of Guelph.##Baillie, R. T., Myers, R. J. (1991). Bivariate Garch estimation of the optimal commodity futures hedge. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 6, 109–124.##Bera, A., Garcia, P., & Roh, J. (1997). Estimation of Time-Varying Hedging Ratios for Corns and Soybeans: BGARCH and Random Coefficient Approaches. Sankhya, 59, 346-368.##Brooks, C., Henry O., & Persand,  G. (2002). The effects of asymmetries on optimal hedge ratios. Journal of business. 75. 333-352.##Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity,” Journal of Econometrics, 31,307-327.##Cecchetti, S. G., Cumby, R. E., &Figlewski, S. (1988). Estimation of the optimal futures hedge. Review of Economics and Statistics, 70, 623–630.##Choudhry, T. (2009). Short-run deviations and time-varying hedge ratios: Evidence from agricultural futures markets. International Review of Financial Analysis .18. 58–65##Collins, R. A. (2000). The Risk Management Effectiveness of Multivariate Hedging Models in the Soy Complex. Journal of Futures Markets, 20, 189-204.##Ederington, L. H. (1979). The hedging performance of the new futures markets. Journal of Finance, 34, 157–170.##Engle, R.F. (1982). “Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation,” Econometrica, 50,987-1007.##Gagnon, L., Lypny G. (1995). “Hedging Short-term Interest Risk under Time-Varying Distributions,” Journal of Futures Markets, 15,767-783.##Garcia, P., Roh, J., & Leuthold, R. M. (1995). Simultaneously Determined, Time- Varying Hedge Ratios in the Soybean Complex. Applied Economics, 27, 1127-1134.##Heydari, H., Mola Bahrami A.(2010). Stock portfolio optimization based on multivariate Garch models: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange. Journal of financial research. 30. 35-56. (in farsi).##Hosseini Yekani, A., Zibaei, M.(2010).Determination of different goods for traded in the futures market, Case Study :Agricultural Products .Journal of economic and agricultural development.3. 268-278. ( in farsi).##Jalali Naeini, A.H., Kazemi Manesh, M.,(2004). 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0 مدل یابی رفتار زیست محیطی زارعان شهرستان شیراز با استفاده از تئوری ارزش – عقیده – هنجار استرن Modeling farmers’ environmental behavior in Shiraz County by using Value-Belief-Norm theory https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53836.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53836 0 در سال‌های اخیر، تخریب منابع زیست‌محیطی (منابع آب و خاک) نگرانی‌ها را درمورد دستیابی بشر به توسعة پایدار کشاورزی افزایش داد. رفتارهای زارعان از طریق تأثیرگذاری بر کیفیت منابع آب و خاک، نقش مهمی در حصول پایداری در کشاورزی دارد. این تحقیق به دنبال تعیین مدل رفتار زیست‌محیطی زارعان شهرستان شیراز با استفاده از تئوری ارزش- عقیده- هنجار استرن است. جامعة آماری این پژوهش شامل زارعان شهرستان شیراز است که طبق جدول کرجسی و مورگان از 372 نفر از آن‌ها، به‌شیوة نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای، اطلاعات گردآوری شد. این پ‍ژوهش به شیوة پیمایش و با ابزار پرسشنامه صورت گرفت. روایی پرسشنامه با استادان بخش ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز و پایایی آن از طریق مطالعة راهنما و آزمون آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد متغیرهای جهت‌گیری زارعان به‌سوی ارزش‌های طرفدار محیط زیست و ارزش‌های نوع‌دوستانه (طرفدار جامعه)‎‎‎‏، پایبندی به رعایت هنجارهای شخصی (اخلاقی)، احساس وظیفه و مسئولیت‌پذیری در قبال حفظ محیط زیست به‌ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر رفتارهای زیست‌محیطی از سوی زارعان داشتند. پیشنهاد می‌شود با آموزش‌های مختلف تلاش شود زارعان را از ارزش‌های خودمحور دور کنند و آن‌ها را به سوی ارزش‌های طرفدار جامعه و محیط زیست سوق دهند. همچنین، با ارائة آموزش‌های اخلاقی برای پایبندی هرچه بیشتر زارعان به رعایت هنجارهای شخصی (اخلاقی)، می‌توان موجب اصلاح تعاملات آن‌ها با منابع زیست‌محیطی شد و حس مسئولیت‌پذیری را در برابر حفظ محیط زیست در آن‌ها افزایش داد.  1 In recent years, degradation of environment (water and soil resources) by farmers has increase concerns about sustainability of agriculture. Farmers’ behaviors affect conservation of these resources and play important role in sustainability of agriculture as well. Shiraz County, like other parts of the country, suffers for degradation of soil and water resources. The aim of this study was to provide a model that can predict Farmer’s environmental behavior of Shiraz County using Value-Belief-Norm theory. Statistical population includes the farmers of Shiraz County. Questionnaire was the instrument for data gathering. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to collect data from 372 farmers as the research sample (by Krejcie & Morgan). The questionnaire validity was confirmed by panel of professors at Agricultural Extension and Education Department of Shiraz University. The questionnaire reliability was assessed with Cranach’s alpha (data from pilot study). The results showed that biosphere value-orientation, altruistic value- orientation, environmental personal (moral) norm, and responsibility to protect environment had the most influence on forming farmers’ environmental behaviors. Adduced as recommendations are 1. providing the training to change farmer’s egoistic value-orientation to biosphere value-orientation and altruistic value- orientation; 2. provide training the personal (moral) to correct relationships between famers and environment, and 3. increase farmer’s responsibility for protection of environmental resources. 613 624 میثم منتی زاده Meysam Menati Zadeh دانشجوی دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز ایران tarvij86@gmail.com غلامحسین زمانی Gholamhosein Zamani استاد دانشگاه شیراز ایران zamani@shirazu.ac.ir عزت الله کرمی Ezatollah Karami استاد دانشگاه شیراز ایران ekarami@shirazu.ac.ir تئوری ارزش- عقیده- هنجار رفتار زیست محیطی مدل رفتار زیست محیطی Alibeli, M. A. & Johnson, C. 2009. Environmental concern: a cross national analysis. Journal of International and Cross- Cultural Studies, 3(1), 1-10.##Bagheri, A., & Malekmohammdi, A. 2005. The behavior of prediction of sprinkler irrigation adoption among farmers of Ardabil province. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 36(6), 1479-1488. (In Farsi).##Clearfield, F. & Osgood, B. T. 1986. Sociological Aspects of the Adoption of Conservation Practices, Washington, D.C.##Erdoan, N. 2009. Testing the new ecological paradigm scale: Turkish case. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4 (10), 1023-1031.##Fenton, D. M., Gregor, C. M. & Cary, J. 2000. Framework and review of Capacity and motivation for change to sustainable management practices. Bureau of Rural   Sciences – Putting People in the Picture. Fnal Report. Theme 6: Project 6.2.1.##Fielding, K. S., McDonald, R. & Louis, W. R. 2008. Theory of planned behavior, identity and intentions to engage in environmental activism. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28(4), 318–326.##Illukpitiya, P. & Gopalakrishnan, C. 2004. Decision-making in soil conservation: Application of a behavioral model to potato farmers in Sri Lanka. Land Use Policy, 21(4): 321–331.##Karami, E., Rezae-moghadam, K. & Ebrahimi, H. R. 2006. The Prediction of sprinkler irrigation adoption: The comparison of models. Journal of science and technology of agriculture and natural resources, 10(1), 71-89. (In Farsi).##Keshavarz, M. 2005.Responces to drought among farmers in Fars province: attitude, behaviors and management. M.Sc. dissertation, University of Shiraz, Iran.##Lichtenberg, E. & Zimmerman, R. 1999. Information and farmers’ attitudes about pesticides, water quality, and related environmental effects. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 73(3), 227-236.##Mansourabadi, A. 2004. The comparison of attitude among female & male rice growers towards sustainable agriculture & determinants of their attitude & behavior: a case study of the Kazeroon Township. M.Sc. dissertation, University of Shiraz, Iran.##Norouzi, A. & Chizari, M. 2006a. Effective cultural and social factors regarding attitude of wheat farmers of Nahavand Township toward sprinkler irrigation development. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 2(2), 59-71. (In Farsi).##Norouzi, A. & Chizari, M. 2006b. The factors affecting regarding sprinkler irrigation adoption in Nahavand Township. Iranian Agricultural Economic and Development Journal, 54, 61-84. (In Farsi).##Pezeshkirad, GH. & Arayesh, M. B. 2001. The Investigation of technical and economic factors affecting the prediction of technology of Ilam province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, 15(2), 111-118. (In Farsi).##Sattler, C. & Nagel, U. J. 2010. Factors affecting farmers’ acceptance of conservation measures: A case study from north-eastern Germany. Land Use Policy, 27(1), 70–77.##Schenk, A., Hunziker, M. & Kienast, F. 2007. Factors influencing the acceptance of nature conservation measures: A qualitative study in Switzerland. Journal of Environmental Management, 83(1), 66-79.##Schultz, P. W., Shriver, C., Tabanico, J. J. & Khazian, A. M. 2004. Implicit connections with nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(1), 31–42.##Shafiei, F., Rezvanfar, A. & Hoseini, S. M. 2008. Opinion survey on soil conservation practices (the case study of Karkhe and Dez waterdhed’s farmer’s attitude, Khuzestan, Iran). Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering, 2(3), 3-10. (In Farsi).##Steg, L., Dreijerink, L. & Abrahamse, W. 2005. Factors influencing the acceptability of energy policies: A test of VBN theory. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(4): 415–425.##Stern, P. C. 2000. 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0 تحلیل ساختاری چندگانه رابطه بین کلیشه‌ها، صلاحیت‌ها و انگیزه‌های اکتساب نقش رهبری توسط مروجان کشاورزی Multi-group analysis in the relationships between leadership stereotypes, leadership competencies and achievement motivation in leadership role by agriculture extension agents https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53837.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53837 0 این تحقیق با دو هدف اصلی شامل تحلیل ساختاری کلیشه­های رهبری، صلاحیت­های رهبری، انگیزه‌های اکتساب نقش رهبری و بررسی نقش مداخله­گر جنسیت بر روابط بین این متغیرها انجام گرفت. این تحقیق با استفاده از نظرهای 303 مروج سازمان­های جهاد کشاورزی استان­های تهران، کرمانشاه و خراسان رضوی با روش پیمایشی با به‌کارگیری پرسشنامة ساختاریافته انجام گرفت. اطلاعات جمع‌آوری‌شده با استفاده از تکنیک چندمتغیرة مدل­سازی معادله‌های ساختاری تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد کلیشه­های رهبری و صلاحیت­های رهبری اثر معنی­داری بر انگیزه­های اکتساب نقش رهبری مروجان دارند، درحالی‌که ارتباط معنی­داری بین کلیشه­های رهبری و انگیزه­های اکتساب نقش رهبری وجود نداشت. همچنین، نتایج بیانگر آن بود که متغیر جنسیت دارای نقش مداخله­گر در ارتباط بین کلیشه­های رهبری با صلاحیت­های رهبری و انگیزه­های اکتساب نقش رهبری است. درواقع، براساس نتایج می­توان بیان کرد کلیشه­های رهبری، مردان را در توسعة صلاحیت­های رهبری و ارتقای انگیزه­های اکتساب نقش رهبری یاری می­کنند، درحالی‌که این ارتباط برای زنان منفی بود. هرچند ممکن است فشار کلیشه‌های فکری از بین نرود و تغییر آن‌ها امری زمانبر و نیازمند مذاکرات پایدار باشد، این مطالعه پیشنهاد می‌دهد ارائة برنامه­های آموزشی مرتبط برای اصلاح این کلیشه­های رهبری، راهکاری برای شروع فعالیت است. 1 This study has two main purposes including examining the structural model of leadership stereotype, leadership competency, and achievement motivation in leadership role and investigating the moderating effects of gender on the overall model. Using a sample of 303 extension agents from three Jihad-e-Agriculture Organizations of Tehran, Kermanshah, and Khorasan Razavi provinces in Iran, we conducted a survey using structured questionnaires. The data were collected and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) multivariate technique. The results showed that leadership stereotype and leadership competency significantly influence achievement motivation in leadership role of extension agents while the relationship between leadership stereotype and leadership competency was not significant. The results further demonstrated that the relationships among leadership stereotype with leadership competency and achievement motivation in leadership role have been moderated by gender. In fact, it has been concluded that leadership stereotype favors men in developing leadership competency and achievement motivation in leadership role while it is negative for women. This study, in regard to leadership stereotype, suggests that although the pressures of stereotypical thinking have not gone away but changing them is time consuming and needs constant negotiations, and therefore, presenting the training program on how to correct these stereotypes in a person is a strategy for starting this action. 625 637 محمد بادسار Mohammad Badsar استادیار ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان ایران mbadsar@yahoo.com رویا کرمی Roya Karami استادیار گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور تهران ایران rokarami@yahoo.com روح اله رضایی Rohollah Rezaie دانشیار ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان ایران r_rezaei@znu.ac.ir انگیزة اکتساب برجستگی تبحر تمایل جنسیت کلیشه های رهبری مروج نقش رهبری Alderman, M. K. (2004). Motivation for achievement: possibilities for teaching and learning. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.##Allen, B. L. & Morton, L. W. (2006). Generating self-organizing capacity: leadership practices and training needs in non-profits. 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0 تحلیل آثار تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی از دیدگاه کارشناسان سازمان امور اراضی کشاورزی در ایران Analyzing the impacts of agricultural land use change according to the experts opinion of agricultural land organization in Iran https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53838.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53838 0 تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی، به دلیل ارتباط مستقیم آن با موضوعاتی چون امنیت‌غذایی و پایداری محیط‌زیست، به یکی از چالش‌های اساسی پیش روی بشر در قرن 21 تبدیل شده است. شدت تغییر کاربری این اراضی به گونه‌ای بوده است که بنابر گزارش سال 2012 فائو، بین سال‌های 1970 تا 2009 سرانه اراضی قابل کشت در جهان 46/1 و در ایران 054/2 درصد کاهش یافته است. بدون شک کاهش سطح این اراضی آثار گوناگون اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی را به همراه دارد. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات این قبیل تغییرات انجام شد. این تحقیق از نوع پیمایشی بوده ابزار آن پرسشنامه بود. جامعۀ آماری این تحقیق کارشناسان شاغل در مدیریت‌ها و سازمان امور اراضی کشاورزی ایران در سال 1392 بودند. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه، «تسریع روند تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی به دلیل تغییر قیمت»، «افزایش انگیزۀ تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی در بین سایر کشاورزان» و «افزایش مصرف انرژی» مهم‌ترین آثار تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی بوده‌اند. امّا، بر اساس نتایج مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری، «کاهش انگیزۀ زندگی در نواحی روستایی و خالی از سکنه شدن روستاها»، «افزایش ریسک درآمدی خانوارهای روستایی» و «کاهش کیفیت هوا» اگر چه مهم‌ترین آثار نیستند، مؤثرترین آثار این تغییرات‌ بوده‌اند. 1 Agricultural Land use Change (ALC), due to its direct relation with some issues such as food security and environmental sustainability, has become one of the main challenge of humanity in the 21 century. According to the 2012 FAO report, from 1970 to 2009, the per capita of arable land in the world and Iran respectively has decreased 1.46% and 2.054%. It represents that ALC conditions in Iran is worse than the most of the other areas of the world. Undoubtedly, reduction the area of agricultural lands entails the various economical, social and environmental impacts. The main object of this study was analyzing the impacts of ALC. This study was a survey research which conducted by interviews and correspondence. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire. The study group consisted of 101 experts working in Agricultural Lands Organizations and Administrations in 2013. Since they were limited, all of them were interviewed. They were randomly selected through 135 experts. This study showed that "accelerating the process of ALC due to change in the price of the land", "increasing the motivation of ALC among other farmers" and "increasing the consumption of energy" were the most important economical, social and environmental impacts of the ALC. But, based on the results of structural equation model, "reduction the incentive to live in rural areas", "increasing the income risk of rural households" and "reduction the air quality" although were not the most important impacts, but were the most effective social, economical and environmental impacts of these changes. 639 650 علی اکبر براتی Ali Akbar Barati دانشجوی دکتری توسعة کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران ایران baratialiakbar@yahoo.com علی اسدی Ali Asadi استاد دانشکدۀ اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران aasadi@ut.ac.ir خلیل کلانتری Khalil kalantari استاد دانشکدۀ اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران khkalan@ut.ac.ir حسین آزادی Hosein Azadi پژوهشگر ارشد دانشگاه گنت بلژیک ایران hos.azadi@gmail.com محسن ماموریان Mohsen Mamoorian مدیر طرح و برنامة سازمان امور اراضی کشاورزی ایران amourian46@yahoo.com آثار تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی اراضی کشاورزی تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی Agricultural Bank. (2011). The condition of agricultural lands use changes. 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0 پیش‌بینی تغییرات میزان اشتغال بخش کشاورزی استان گیلان با استفاده از برخی شاخص‌های اقتصادی Forecasting changes in agricultural employment rate in Gilan Province using some economic indicators https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53839.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53839 0 هدف کلی پژوهش حاضر، برآورد سری زمانی اشتغال بخش کشاورزی در استان گیلان در سال­های 1355-1390 و مدل‌سازی و پیش‌بینی آن با استفاده از شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی برای سال‌های 1391-1398 است. برای این منظور سری زمانی اشتغال با استفاده از روش درون‌یابی محاسبه شد و متغیرهای ورودی براساس پیشینة نظری و تجربی تحقیق انتخاب شدند. درنهایت، تعداد شاغلان بخش کشاورزی از طریق طراحی و آموزش شبکه‌های عصبی با معماری­ها و ویژگی‌‌های مختلف برآورد شد. داده‌های مورد نیاز از نتایج سرشماری نفوس و مسکن سال‌های 1355 تا 1390 و سالنامه‌های آماری استان استخراج شد. نتایج نشان داد در سال­های 1391-1393، مقادیر اشتغال پیش‌بینی‌شده در سطحی کمتر از سال 1390 است و پس از آن در سال­های 1394 تا 1398 درحالی‌که میزان رشد اشتغال دارای روندی کاهشی است، تعداد شاغلان این بخش به کندی افزایش می‌یابد. با توجه به ضعف آمارهای سری زمانی متغیرهای اقتصادی در سطح منطقه‌ای، این تحقیق گامی اولیه و ضروری برای دستیابی به آمارهای قابل اتکا از شاغلان بخش کشاورزی در سطح استان است که ضمن تولید داده‌های مورد نیاز پژوهش‌های بعدی در زمینة بازار کار، می‌تواند برای برنامه‌ریزی و سیاستگذاری در این زمینه، توسط مراجع ذی‌ربط استفاده شود. 1 The overall aim of the present study was to estimate the time series of agricultural employment in the Gilan province during 1976-2011, and modeling and forecasting employment using artificial neural networks for years 2012-2019. For this purpose, employment series calculated by interpolation and input variables selected based on previous theoretical and empirical research. Finally, number of agricultural work force predicted through designing and training of different neural networks architectures. Required data obtained through population and housing report of 1976-2011 and provincial statistical year books. Results showed that number of employees during the period from 2012-2014 will be lower than in 2011 and then during 2015 to 2019 will be increased. Due to lack of time series data of economic variables at the regional level, this research is an essential and primary step to achieve reliable statistics of number of agricultural employment at provincial level that Provide required data for future studies on labor market and can be used for planning and policy making by related authorities. 651 661 کریم نادری مهدیی Karim Naderi Mahdeie استادیار توسعة کشاورزی دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا ایران knadery@yahoo.com محمدحسن فطرس Mohamad Hasan Fetros دانشیار گروه اقتصاد دانشکدة اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا ایران مهدی خیاطی Mahdi Khayati دانشجوی دکتری توسعة کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا ایران khayyati_m@yahoo.com بخش کشاورزی پیش‌بینی اشتغال شبکه‌های عصبی Abdi, E. (2003). Forecasting Foreign Turism Demand Using Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Regression. MS dissertation. Isfahan University of Technology. Iran. (In Farsi).##Amini, A., Nahavandi, M. &  Saffaripour, M. (1998). 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Modeling and Forecasting Iranian Economic Growth Using Artificial Neural Networks. Iranian Economic Research, 12, 1-33. (In Farsi).##Karbasi, A., Asnaashari, H. and Aghel, H. (2009). Forecasting Agricultural Sector Employment in Iran. Journal of Economic and Agriculture Development, 22(1), 31-43. (In Farsi).##Keikha, A. (2014). Prediction of the Surplus Rate of Rural Labor Force in Iran from 2012 to 2040. Transaction on Economic Research, 1(1), 22- 26.##Khashei, M., Bijari, M. (2010). Gold Price Forecasting Using Hybrid Artificial Neural Networks with Fuzzy Regression Model. Journal of Industrial Engineering, 44(1), 39-47. (In Farsi).##Khayyati, M. (2006). Gilan Land Use Plan. Gilan Management and Planning Organization. (In Farsi).##Mbarek, M. & Feki, R. (2013). GDP and Unemployment Rate in Turkey: An Empirical Study using Neural Networks. International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 2(1), 154-159.##Li, G., Xu, S. and Li, Z. (2010). 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0 مقایسه مدل های سنجش کیفیت خدمات در ارزیابی دانشجویان از کیفیت فرایند تدریس و یادگیری با استفاده از شبکۀ عصبی مصنوعی Comparison of services quality assessment models between students from teaching and learning process quality by using artificial neural network https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53840.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53840 0 هدف از این مطالعه تعیین و ارزیابی کمی موقعیت کیفی فرایند تدریس و یادگیری در مراکز آموزش عالی کشاورزی است. به این منظور، از توانمندی شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی در مدل‌سازی روابط غیر خطی، برای بررسی و ارزیابی مدل‌های مختلف سنجش کیفیت خدمات استفاده شد. جامعة آماری، دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی رشته‌های کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد (1070نفر) است که با استفاده از جدول مورگان 280 پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری شد و درنهایت 202 پرسشنامه تجزیه و تحلیل شد. به‌منظور بررسی و ارزیابی کیفیت فرایند تدریس و یادگیری از چهار مدل سروپروف غیر وزنی، سروکوآل غیر وزنی، سروپرف وزنی و سروکوآل وزنی به کمک شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی استفاده شد. نتایج به‌کارگیری رویکرد شبکه‌‌های عصبی مصنوعی نشان داد مدل سروکوآل وزنی با دقت بیشتری قادر به ارزیابی کیفیت تدریس و پیش‌بینی رضایت است. این مدل با معماری 7-29-14-1 یعنی 7 نرون در لایة ورودی، 29 و 14 نرون در لایه‌های مخفی اول و دوم و یک نرون در لایة خروجی، به‌عنوان بهترین راه حل برای تخمین ارزیابی کیفیت انتخاب شد. این معماری دارای ضریب همبستگی 96/0 بود و مقایر MAE، MSE و MAPE آن به‌ترتیب 18/0، 06/0 و 41/4 درصد داشتند. 1 The aim of this study is quantity determining and evaluating of the quality position of teaching and learningprocess. So, the artificial neural networks were used for modeling nonlinear relationships to inspect and evaluate different models of service quality evaluation. The statistical population include 1070 peoples, which were master and PhD students of Faculty of Agriculture of FerdowsiUniversity (Mashhad). 280 questionnaires were collected by using Morgan table; from which 202 questionnaires were finally analyzed. In order to inspect and evaluate the quality of teaching and learning process, four models were used with artificial neural networks, including non-weighted Servprof, non-weighted Servqual, weighted Servprof and weighted Servqual. The results of the artificial neural network method showed that weighted Servqual model is more accurate to evaluate the quality of teaching and to predict satisfactory. 7-29-14-1 architecture with 29 and 14 neurons respectively in the first and second hidden layers and one neuron (weighted Servqual) in the output layer was chosen as the best model for determining the quality evaluation. This architecture has the best results for R (0.96), MAE (0.18), MSE (0.06) and MAPE (4.41%) between the actual and modeled values. 663 672 سید یوسف حجازی Seyed Yousef Hejazi استاد دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران yhejazi@ut.ac.ir فاطمه رجبیان غریب Fatemeh Rajabiyan Gharib دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران f.rajabiyan@gmail.com محمود امید Mahmood Omid استاد دانشکدة مهندسی فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران omid@ut.ac.ir رضایتمندی دانشجویان شبکة عصبی مصنوعی کیفیت آموزش مدل سروکوآل وزنی Abzari, M., Mansouri, H. & Vahedi, S. (2011). 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0 بررسی سازه‌های مؤثر بر قصد استفاده از شبکه مدرن آبیاری توسط کشاورزان (مورد مطالعه: شبکه آبرسانی بند فیض‌آباد استان فارس) Investigating influence factors on farmers' intention in using modern channels (Case study: Feyzabad water supply network in Fars province) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53841.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53841 0 با توجه به اهمیت توسعة فناوری در بخش کشاورزی، باید قصد استفاده از فناوری و درنتیجه پذیرش آن در بین کشاورزان افزایش یابد. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی سازه­های مؤثر بر قصد استفاده از کانال­های مدرن توسط کشاورزان بود. جامعة این مطالعه تمام کشاورزان تحت پوشش شبکة آبرسانی بند فیض‌آباد در استان فارس بود (192 نفر). 127 نفر از این افراد با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری طبقه­بندی تصادفی برای انجام‌دادن این مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار مورد استفاده برای جمع­آوری داده­ها پرسشنامه بود که روایی صوری آن توسط پانلی از صاحب­نظران تأیید شد و برای بررسی پایایی آن نیز آزمون راهنما اجرا شد که آلفای کرونباخ آن بین 91/0ـ72/0 به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد هنجار ذهنی و نگرش دربارة استفاده از کانال­های مدرن تأثیری مستقیم، مثبت و معنی­دار بر قصد استفاده از کانال­های مدرن داشتند. همچنین، متغیرهای سرمایة اجتماعی، سازگاری، دسترسی به اطلاعات، تمایل به مشارکت در طرح، احساس تعلق به شبکة آبیاری، سابقة کشاورزی و قابل مشاهده‌بودن نتایج تأثیر مستقیم و معنی­داری بر نگرش دربارة استفاده از کانال­های مدرن داشتند. در پایان، با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه پیشنهادهایی ارائه شد. 1 Due to the importance of technological development in agriculture, it is necessary to increase intention of technology using and so its adoption among farmers. The aim of this study was investigating influence factorson farmers' intention in using modern channels. Research population was all farmers covered of Feyzabad networks water supply in Fars province (192 farmers). Samples of 127 farmers were selected through stratified random sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Face validity of the questionnaire was obtained through a panel of experts and reliability was obtained through pilot testing. The Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.72 to 0.91. Results revealed that subjective norm and attitude towards the use of modern channels had positive and significant direct effect on the intention of using modern channels. Also, social capital, compatibility, access to information, the tendency of participation in project, sense of belonging to the irrigation network, years of experience in farming and observability of results had significant direct effect on attitudes toward the use of the modern channels. According to results, some recommendations have presented at the end of article. 673 682 پوریا عطائی Pouria Ataei کارشناس اجتماعی شرکت مهندسی مشاور پورآب فارس و کارشناس ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز ایران ataeip@yahoo.com نسیم ایزدی Nasim Izadi کارشناس ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز ایران izadi.nasim@yahoo.com بند فیض آباد پذیرش فناوری شبکه های مدرن آبرسانی قصد استفاده Ahmadvand, M. (2001). Comparative Analysis of Agricultural Information province. M.Sc thesis, Agricultural Extension and Education, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Shiraz University. (In Persian).##Ajzen, I., and Fishbein, M. (1977). Attitude – Behavior Relations: Theoretical-Analysis & Review of Empirical Research. Psychological Bulletin. 84, 888-918.##Amsalu, A., and Graaff, J. (2006). Determinants of adoption and continued use of stone terraces for soil and water conservation in an Ethiopian highland watershed. Ecological Economics, 61(2), 294-302.##Arayesh, M. B., and Hoseini, F. (2009). Regression analysis of factors influencing people's participation in conservation, restoration, development and utilization of renewable natural resources from the perspective of natural resource experts Ilam. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 24(1), 49-58. (In Persian).##Baghaei, M., Chizari, M., Pezeshki Rad, Gh., and Feli, S. (2007). Personal and social factors influencing villagers' participation in watershed originated Honjan watershed management plan. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Education Science, 4(1), 73-87. (In Persian).##Bagheri, A., and Malek Mohammadi, A. (2004). Adoption behavior of Sprinkler irrigation among Ardebils’ farmers. Journal of Iran Agricultural Sciences, 36(6), 1479-1488. (In Persian).##Bekele, W., and Darke, L. (2003). Soil and water conservation decision behavior of subsistence farmers in the Eastern Highlands of Ethiopia: A case study of the Hundelafto area. Ecological Economics, 46, 437- 451.##Bohner, G., and Wank, M. (2002). Attitude & Attitude Change. Psychology Press, UK.##FAO. (2007). Irrigation management transfer. Worldwide efforts and results. FAO water reports, No. 32. International Water Management Institute.##Hajian, M. H., Yousef Pour, A. A., and Reshvand, A. (2008). Variables affecting the WUAs in irrigation and drainage (Case Study: WUA and conjunctive groundwater in lowland South East of Tehran province). The first conference of the new approaches to community participation in the study, construction, operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage networks, Shiraz, 7 and 8th January. (In Persian).##Hoseini, S. M., Faham, A., Darvish, A. K. (2007). Factors influencing the participation of local communities in the sustainable management of soil and water resources in the basin Hablehrud (Village case study aromatics). Retrieved from: www.frw.org.ir/files/hable/faham.pdf. (In Persian).##Howarth,S. E., Parajuli, U. N., Baral, J. R., Nott, G. A., Adhikari, B. R., Gautam, D. R. and Menuka, K. C. (2005). Promoting good governance of water users associations in Nepal.##Jahannama, F. (2000). Socio-economic effects of adopting pressurized irrigation systems. A case study in Tehran. Journal of Iran Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 9(36), 237-258. (In Persian).##Krejcie, R. V., and Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.##Miri Khozani, S. A. A. (1996). Farmers access to appropriate technology and research, education and agricultural extension in crucible. 8th Scientific Conference of Agricultural Extension. (In Persian).##Moon, J.W., and Kim, Y.G. (2001). Extending the TAM for a world wide web context. Information & Management, 38(4), 217-230.##Nazem Alsadat, M. J., Kamkar Haghighi, A., Sharifzadeh, M., and Ahmadvand, M. (2005). Adoption of precipitation long-term systems: case study of farmers in Fars province. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Education Science, 2(2), 1-14. (In Persian).##Norozi, A., and Chizari, M. (2005). Cultural and social structure influencing attitudes of Influencing Development sprinkled around the city Skinheads. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Education Science, 2(2), 21-32. (In Persian).##Omani, A., and Chizari, M. (2010). Identifying appropriate models adoption sustainable management of water resources, arable farmers in Ahvaz city. Journal of Agricultural Economic and Development, 19(73), 77-100. (In Persian).##Rafiei Darani, H., and Bakhshodeh, M. (2007). Factors affecting the development and adoption of Sprinkler irrigation. Journal of Iran Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 39(1), 21-30. (In Persian).##Ritzema, H. P., Satyanarayana, T. V., Raman, S., and Boonstra, J. (2008). Subsurface drainage to combat waterlogging and salinity in irrigation lands in India: Leassons learned in farmers' fields. Agricultural Water Management, 95, 179- 189.##Shahrodi, A. A., Chizari, M., Pezeshki Rad, Gh. (2007). Water users cooperative effect on farmers' attitude towards the Agricultural Water Management: A Case Study of Khorasan. Journal of Agricultural Economic and Development, 22(2), 71-85. (In Persian).##White, D. S., Labarta, A., and Efran, J. (2005). Technology adoption by resource-poor farmers: Considering the implications of peak-season labor costs. Agricultural Systems, 85,183-201.##Zarafshani, K., Khaledi, Kh., and Ghanian, M. (2008). Determining the position of rural women's participation in promotional programs based on partner participation ladder Rnstyn. Study of Women, 7(3), 107-128. (In Persian).##

0 بررسی وضعیت قابلیت اشتغال در برنامه درسی دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی رشته‌های کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران The investigation of employability status in curriculum of University of Tehran agriscience post graduate students https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53842.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53842 0 هدف کلی این تحقیق بررسی وضعیت قابلیت اشتغال در برنامة درسی دانشجویان کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران است که با روش پیمایشی انجام گرفت. جامعة آماری این پژوهش شامل 1491 نفر از دانشجویان مقطع تحصیلات تکمیلی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران است. از بین آن‌ها به‌صورت تصادفی و با رعایت انتساب متناسب 310 نفر (با استفاده از جدول مورگان) انتخاب شدند. ابزار تحقیق پرسشنامه‌ای با قسمت‌های مختلف برای اندازه‌گیری سازه‌های مورد مطالعه بود. روایی پرسشنامه براساس نظر جمعی از استادان رشتة ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران تأیید شد. برای تعیین پایایی نیز از مقدار آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد که مقدار 81/0 نشان داد ابزار پایایی مناسبی دارد. روش آماری مورد استفاده تحلیل همبستگی کانونی و نرم‌افزار مورد استفاده SPSS نسخة 17 بود. نتیجة کلی کاربرد تحلیل همبستگی کانونی نشان داد وضعیت مؤلفه‌های مختلف مورد بررسی قابلیت اشتغال در برنامة درسی دانشجویان به‌گونه‌ای است که تنها سبب رشد مهارت‌های آکادمیک در آن‌ها شد و مهارت‌های توسعة کسب‌وکار و مهارت‌های توسعة فردی در این زمینه روند نزولی را در وضعیت جاری نشان می‌دهند. در انتهای مقاله، پیشنهادهایی برای بهبود وضعیت قابلیت اشتغال دانشجویان ارائه می‌شود. 1 The general aim of this research was the investigation of central curriculum components in enhancement of University of Tehran agriscience student employability which was implemented based on the survey methodology. The statistical sample in question was University of Tehran agriscience postgraduate students that were in total 1491 cases. The sample size was determined as 310 persons through Morgan table. Among them randomly and through use of proportional allocation sampling methodology was used to choose the sample. Questionnaires compiled and distributed to gather data and the related information were employed to measure constructs. Having acquired the views of the University of Tehran agricultural extension and education experts, the face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was based on the alpha coefficients and calculated above 0.81. Dominant statistical method was canonical correlation (CCA). For data processing SPSS17 package was employed. The results showed that, current curriculum only fostering academic skills and business development and personal development skills are absent and have a decreasing stream. Finally, some of suggestions and implications are forwarded. 683 692 شهلا آقاپور Shahla Aghapoor کارشناس ارشد آموزش کشاورزی دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران aghapoor@mailinator.com حمید موحد محمدی Hamid movahed Mohammadi دانشیار دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران hmovahed@ut.ac.ir حسین شعبانعلی فمی Hosein Shabanali Fami دانشیار دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران hfami@ut.ac.ir برنامة درسی دانشجویان کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران قابلیت اشتغال مهارت‌های آکادمیک مهارت توسعة فردی مهارت‌های توسعة کسبوکار Cox, S. and King, D. (2006), “Skill sets: an approach to embed employability in course design”, Education and Training, Vol. 48 No. 4, pp. 262-74.##Clarke, M. 2007. Understanding and managing employability in changing career contexts. Journal of European Industrial Training. Vol. 32 No. 4, 2008. pp. 258-284. www.emeraldinsight.com/reprints##Dacre Pool, l. Sewell, P (2007), The key to employability: developing a practical model of graduate employability. Retrieved from: www.emeraldinsight.com/0040-0912.htm. Vol. 49 No. 4, 2007. pp. 277-289. At 16 April 2009.##Hooman, H. (2006). Multivariate Statistical methods in behavioral Science. Second rd release. PEIK of Culture publication. Tehran. (In Farsi). ##Hesketh, A.J. (2000), Recruiting an elite? Employers’ perceptions of graduate education and training. Journal of Education and Work 13 (3), pp 245-271.##Kagaari, J. R.K. (2007), Evaluation of the effects of vocational choice and practical training on students’ employability. Department of Psychology, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda. Journal of European Industrial Training. Vol. 31 No. 6, 2007.pp. 449-47. Retrieved from: www.emeraldinsight.com/0309-0590.htm##Liaghatdar, M. J., Arabi, A. A. F., Abedi, M. R., and Vasefian, F. (2009). A Survey Of Students Attitude Curricula in respect of Entrepreneurship Behavior. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development. Vol.2 – No.5. 2008-2266.##Rothwell.A. Herbert.I. Rothwell.F.(2007), Self-perceived employability: Construction and initial validation of a scale for university students. Science   direct. Journal of Vocational Behavior 73 (2008) 1–12. Retrieved from: www.sciencedirect.com##Shafeghat, A & Veysi, R (2002).Graduated Employment challenges roots in Iranian Higher education system. 3rd conference on employment and Higher education system. Permanent officiary of  employment and Higher education system conference.not published. (in Farsi). ##Scottish Higher Education Funding Council (2003) Higher Education: Higher Ambitions? Graduate Employability in Scotland.##Stephens, D.,&  Hamblin, Y.(2006). Employability skills: are UK LIM departments meeting employment needs? The results of a survey of employment agencies identifies gaps in UK LIM curricula in the UK. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Vol. 107 No. 1224/1225.##Tome,E. 2007. Employability, skills and training in Portugal (1988-2000): evidence from official data. Journal of European Industrial Training. Vol. 31 No. 5, 2007. pp. 336-357. www.emeraldinsight.com/reprints##Yorke, M. Knight, P. (2004). Embedding employability into the curricula. Retrieved 25 Feb 2009, http :// www. qualityresearchinternational. com/ ese/ relatedpubs/.##

0 بررسی تقاضای لبنیات در ایران با استفاده از سیستم تقاضای تقریباً ایده آل Evaluation the dairy demand of Iran using almost ideal demand system (AIDS) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53843.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53843 0 مصرف محصولات لبنی از دیدگاه بهداشت و سلامت و از نظر اقتصادی بسیار حائز اهمیت است. تجزیه و تحلیل رفتار مصرفی مصرف­کنندگان می­تواند کمک زیادی به اتخاذ سیاست­های اصولی و درست در این زمینه کند؛ بنابراین در این مطالعه تقاضا برای شیر، ماست و پنیر با استفاده از داده­های سری زمانی مربوط به سال­های 1363- 1388 در چارچوب سیستم تقاضای تقریباً ایده­آل برآورد شد. نتایج این مطالعه بیانگر منفی‌بودن تمام کشش­های خودقیمتی است و نشان می‌دهد شیر و پنیر در مقابل تغییرات قیمت کشش‌ناپذیراند؛ اما تقاضای ماست در مقابل تغییرات قیمت بسیار حساس است. تمام کشش­های درآمدی مثبت است و محاسبة کشش آلن بیانگر وجود رابطة جانشینی بین شیر و ماست و ماست و پنیر و رابطة مکملی بین شیر و پنیر است. 1 Consumption of dairy products in terms of the health and economic terms is very important. The analysis of consumer behavior can help to take policies consistent and correct in this regard. In this study the demand for milk, yogurt and cheese was estimated by using time series data related to 1984-2009 in the framework of the idea of an almost ideal demand system. The results showed that all of own-price elasticity is negative. The elasticity of milk and cheese are low but the yoghurt elasticity is high. All the income elasticities are positive, and the calculation of Allen elasticity showed that there are a substitution relationship between “milk and yogurt” and “yogurt and cheese” and complementary relationship between “milk and cheese”. 693 701 اسماعیل پیش بهار Esmayil Pishbahar دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز ایران pishbahar@yahoo.com مجید خیری نتاج فیروز جاه Majid Nataj Firoozjah دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز ایران firozjah@mailinator.com سیستم تقاضای تقریباً ایده‌آل رفتار مصرفی کشش محصولات لبنی Abdulai, A and Aubert, D. (2004), A cross-section analysis of household demand for food and nutrients in Tanzania, Agricutural economics, (31), 67-79.##Astlon, M. J and Chlfant, A. J and Piggott, N. E. (2001), Incorporating demand shift in  the almost ideal demand system, Economics letters, (70), 73-78.##Buse, A. 1994. Evaluating the liberalized almost ideal demand system, American J. of Agricultural Economics, (76), 781-793.##Denton, F., T. and Mountain, D., C. (2011), Exploring the effects of aggregation error in the estimation of consumer demand elasticities, Economic Modeling, (28), 1747- 1755.##Garashiabhari, J. & Sadrolashrafi, M. (2005). Estimation of meat demand in Iran, using almost ideal demand system, a scientific journal of Agricultural Sciences. (3).##Gharebaghian, M. & Pazhoian, J. (2002). Microeconomic theory, mathematical approach, James wrote. CE. And Richard A. Henderson. Quant, Institute for Cultural Services expressive.##Ghorbani, M. Shokri, A. & Matlabi, M. (2008). Error correction almost ideal demand system to estimate the AIDS model for meat in Iran, Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, (69).##Kara giannis, G. and Katranidis, S. and Velentzas, K. (2000). An Error Correction Almost Ideal System for Meat in Greece. Agricultural Economics, (22), 29-35.##Kermani, M. (2009). Hollow bones, Prevention and Treatment. Yase Zahra Publications.##Li, G and Song, H and Witt, S. F. (2006). Time Varying Parameter and fixed parameter linear AIDS: An application to tourism demand forecasting, International Journal of Forecasting, 22, 57-71.##Lyard, & Walters A., (1998). Microeconomic theory, translated by A. Shakeri, Reed Publishing, Tehran##Mojaverhosseini, F. (2007). Estimated price and income elasticity for edible and non edible using almost ideal demand system, Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, (57).##Morrison, A., K. Balcombe, A. Bailey, S. Klonaris and G. Rapsomaniki (2003), Expenditure on different categories of meat in Greece: The influence of changing tests, Agricultural Economics, (28), 139-150.##Nicol, C. J. (2003), Elasticities of demand for gasoline in Canada and the United States, Energy economics, (25), 201- 214##Samadi. A. (2007). Analysis of meat demand in urban areas of Iran with almost ideal demand system model, Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, (57).##Samadi, A. (2004). Critical evaluation of almost ideal demand system used in the analysis of consumer behavior of AIDS: a case study of urban and rural households Kohgiloyeh, Quarterly Iranian Economic Research, (20), 157-187.##Sheikhzeinodin, A. & Torkamani, J. (2007). Total factor productivity of barley produced in Fars province, Iran Sixth Conference of Agricultural Economics##Tambi, N. E. (2001), "Analysis of household attitudes toward the purchase of livestock products and fish in Cameroon, Agricultural Economics, (26), 135- 147.##

0 عوامل مؤثر بر دانش کشاورزی پایدار زنان و مردان پنبه کار استان اصفهان Factors affecting men and women of cotton producers’ knowledge toward sustainable agriculture in Isfahan Province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53844.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53844 0 مصرف نهاده‌های شیمیایی و افزایش بحران‌های زیست‌محیطی، توجه به کشاورزی پایدار را بیش از پیش ضروری کرد. دانش کشاورزان در زمینة کشاورزی پایدار نقش مهمی در شکل‌گیری رفتارهای زیست‌محیطی آن‌ها دارد. این پژوهش بر آن است که عوامل تأثیرگذار بر دانش زنان و مردان پنبه‌کار را شناسایی کند. این مطالعه به روش پیمایشی و با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای تصادفی در بین 179 خانوار پنبه‌کار )357 نفر: 179مرد و 178 زن) در استان اصفهان و با به‌کارگیری پرسشنامه انجام گرفت. نتایج آزمون همبستگی نشان داد سن و‌ سابقة کار کشاورزی با دانش پایداری زنان پنبه‌کار رابطة منفی و معنی‌داری دارند. همچنین، دو متغیر دسترسی به اطلاعات و عواطف محیطی وارد معادله‌های رگرسیون شدند و نقش مهمی در تبیین دانش مردان و زنان پنبه‌کار دارند. زنان و مردان پنبه‌کاری که کشاورزی را به‌عنوان شغل اصلی خود می‌دانند از دانش بالاتری در زمینة کشاورزی پایدار برخوردار بودند. همچنین، متغیرهای آگاهی از پیامدهای زیست‌محیطی، هنجارهای اخلاقی دربارة انجام‌دادن فعالیت‌های پایداری و مسئولیت‌پذیری رفتارهای پایداری بر تغییرات متغیر دانش پایداری مردان پنبه‌کار تأثیر دارد. 1 The consumption of chemical fertilizers and increasing environmental crisis has emphasized to increase interest in sustainable agriculture. The farmers' knowledge related to sustainable agriculture has an important role in their environmental behaviors. This research investigated factors affecting men and women cotton producers’ knowledge. The survey research was conducted using stratified random sampling in Isfahan Province. The subjects were selected from 178 cotton producers’ families (179 and 178 men and women, respectively). The findings indicated that age and years of agricultural job had negative correlation with women cotton producers’ knowledge of sustainability. Based on the findings of regression access to information and environmental affects had important roles to determine women and men cotton producers’ knowledge of sustainability. Findings indicated that women and men cotton producers that view agriculture as a principle job had a better knowledge of sustainability. The results indicated that awareness of environmental consequences, moral norm toward sustainable activities, yield of cotton and ascription of behavioral responsibility were determinates of men cotton producers’ knowledge of sustainability. 703 714 زهرا افشاری Zahra Afshari کارشناس ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی ایران z63afshari@gmail.com عبدالعظیم آجیلی Abdolazim Ajili دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین ایران azim53aj@yahoo.com کورش رضائی مقدم Korush Rezaei Moghaddam دانشیار بخش ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز ایران dr.rezaeimoghaddam@gmail.com اصفهان پنبه‌کار دانش پایداری کشاورزی پایدار Bamberg, S. (2003). How does environmental concern influence specific environmentally related behaviors? A new answer to an old question. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23 (2): 21-32.##Bos, M. G., Bosch, H. V. D., Diemont, H., Keulen, H. V., Lahr, J., Meijerink, G., & Verhagen,A.( 2007). Quantifying the sustainability of agriculture. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 21(1): 1-15.##Buttel, F., & Taylor, P.( 1999). Environmental sociology and global environmental change: A critical assessment. Routledge, London.##Caiazza ,A., & Barrett, A.( 2003). Engaging women in environmental activism: Recommendations for rachel’s network. Institute for Women’s Policy Research. IWPR Publication, Washington, Dc.##Chikwendu, D. O., &Arokoyo, J, O.( 1997). Women and sustainable agricultural development in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 11 (1): 53-69.##Clark, F., Kotchen, J., & Moore,  R.( 2003). Internal and external influences on pro-environmental behavior:Participation in a green electricity program. Journal of Environmental Psychology 23 (2003): 237–246##Dietz, T., Fitzgerald, A., &Shwom , R. (2005).  Environmental values. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 30 (3): 335-372.##Ferrigno, S., Ratter, S. G., Ton, P., Vodouhe, D. S., Williamson, S., & Wilson, J.(2005). Organic Cotton: A New Development Path For African Smallholders? National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service (NCAT).##Ferrigno, S., Ratter,S. G., Ton,  P., Vodouhe, D. S., Williamson, S., & Wilson, J.( 2006). Organic cotton can help small farmers in Africa. Aspects of Applied Biology, 79 (5), 57-62.##Garling, T., Fujii, S., Garling, A ., &Jakobsson, C.( 2001). Moderating effects of social value orientation on determinants of proenvironmental behavior intention. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23 (1): 1-9.##Hines, J. M., Hungerford, H. R., &Tomera , A. N.( 1987). Analysis and synthesis of research on responsible environmental behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Education, 18 (2): 1-8.##Kalantari, K., Fami, H., Asadi, A., &Movahed-Mohammadi, H.( 2007). Investigating factors affecting environmental behavior of urban residents: A case study in Tehran City- Iran. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3 (2): 67-74.##Kooistra, K., Termorshuizen, A., & Pybun, R.( 2006). The sustainability of cotton. Consequences for man and environment. Department of Government and DGN, Cornell University.##MahvadiDamghani, A., Koocheki , A. R., RezvaniMoghaddam, P., &NassiriMohallati, M.( 2007). Evaluation of agro biodiversity and its effects on the sustainability of a wheat – cotton cropping system in Khorassan. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4 (3): 61-68.##Maleksaeidi, H., Rezaei-Moghaddam, K., &Ajili, A. (2010). Analysis of the Knowledge of Fars Province Agricaltural Experts in Organic Farming. Agricultural Extension and Education, (6)2: 49-62.##Rezaei-Moghaddam, K., &Karami, E. (1998). Poverty and Sustainable Agriculture: Qualitative Analysis. Rural and Development, 3:1-29.##Rezaei-Moghaddam, K., Karami, E., & Gibson, J.( 2005). Conceptualizing sustainable agriculture: Iran as an illustrative case. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 27(3), 25-56.##Rezaei-Moghaddam, K., &Karami, E. (2006). Agricultural Extension, Poverty and Sustainable Agriculture: Path Analysis Application, Agricultural Extension and Education, (2)1: 55-72.##Ribes,A. C .D., & Sumner, D.( 2007). Role of Farm Programs in Environmental Sustainability of Agriculture. Briefing Paper Prepared for the AAAS Meetings, San Francisco.##Scheaffer, R.L., Mendenhall, W., &Ott, L.( 1996) . Elementary survey sampling. sixthEdition.DuxburyPress,USA.##Torbett, J. C., Roberts ,R. K., Larson, J.A., & English, B. C.( 2008). Perceived improvements in nitrogen fertilizer efficiency from cotton precision farming. Journal of computers and electronics in agriculture, 3 (1): 28-34.##Vogel, S.( 1994). Environmental attitude and behaviour in the agriculture sector as empirically determined by use of an attitude model. Institut fur Wirtschaft, politik und Recht, Universitat Bod – Bodenkultur Wien.##

0 بررسی نیازهای آموزشی زنان روستایی در تولید شیر بهداشتی در گاوداری های سنتی شهرستان بم Educational needs of rural women on healthy milk production in traditional dairy farms in Bam city https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53845.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53845 0 گاوداری‌های سنتی عمده‌ترین واحدهای تولید شیر در جوامع روستایی هستند که در تأمین مواد لبنی و درآمد خانوار روستایی نقش دارند. زنان روستایی مدیران این واحدهای سنتی هستند که متأسفانه به دلایل اجتماعی و فرهنگی آموزش ندیده‌اند. تولید شیر در گاودار‌های سنتی بار میکروبی بالایی دارد و سلامت جامعه و اقتصاد تولیدکنندگان را به خطر می‌اندازد. در این پژوهش، نیازهای آموزشی زنان روستایی در زمینة تولید شیر سالم بررسی می‌شود. روش این تحقیق توصیفی- همبستگی است. جامعة آماری این تحقیق شامل تمام گاوداران زن شهرستان بم هستند که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای دومرحله‌ای، 90 نفر برای تکمیل پرسشنامه انتخاب شدند. با توجه به نتایج تحقیق بین متغیرهای سن، سطح تحصیلات، سابقة دامداری، شرکت در کلاس‌های آموزشی، بازدید از گاوداری‌های نمونه و مطالعة نشریه‌های ترویجی با متغیر دانش گاوداران زن در زمینة تولید شیر بهداشتی ارتباط معنی‌داری وجود دارد. درنهایت، نتایج نشان داد گاوداران زن سنتی بیشتر در زمینة تغذیه، بهداشت و بیماری‌های دام به آموزش نیاز دارند. 1 Traditional dairy farms play important role to obtain dairy and rural household income. Rural women are managers these units. Unfortunately, they haven't educated because of social and cultural problems. Milk production contain high microbial count endanger community health and also producers economic in traditional farms. The project has studied educational needs of rural women regarding safe milk production, using correlation descriptive methods. Statistical community includes all rural women in Bam city. By using two stages cluster sampling method 90 numbers to complete questionnaire was selected. The results showed that there are significant relationship between variables age, studies level, cow keeping record times of presence of participants in educational class, visiting selective cow dairy farms and study extensive issues with dairy farmers women knowledge. Finally, it was concluded that traditional dairy farmers women need largely to educate about feeding, disease and health of animal. 715 724 لادن شفیعی Ladan Sahfie عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی کرمان ایران lshafie1351@yahoo.com تولید شیر بهداشتی زنان روستایی شهرستان بم گاوداری سنتی نیاز آموزشی Akhondi, A. Chizari. M., Noroozi.O & Pezeshkirad, D. (2005) Investing effective factors in Knowledge of pistachio producer in Yazd province, Iran science Knowledge of Agricultural.38 (2): 369-377.##Bakhsi. J.A (2004). Effect of education on milk quality in Bam and Shahrbabak City. Journal of Kavosh, 8(3)32-34.. (In Farsi).##Ford, C.L. (1995) Educational priorities of small farmers in west Tennesse. J. Agri. Edu. 36(1): 31-37##Haji  Mirrahimi, D. (2003) An investigation on educational needs of semi industry cattle husbandries workers in Qom province, Pajoohesh& sazandegi, 61:39-50##Jannat, S., Chizari, M. & Abbasi, S. (2007). Study of dairy farmer’s technical knowledge toward improving the quality of milk: A case of Golpayegan Township. Iran Agricultural Extension and Education Journal. 4(1):49-59##Larry, D. & Scott Whitaker, B. (2000). Educational needs and perceptions of lowa beginning farmers towards their education. Journal of Agricultural education. 41(1): 445-455.##Mirsardoo,  F. (2001). Investigating of training needs of potato farmers in Jiroft city. Iranian Journal of Agricultural and research 40-2(2): (123-143). (In Farsi).##Mousavi, M., Chizari, M. (2006). Investigating of educational needs potato growers in Ajabshir city in marketing science. Journal of Agricultural of science and knowledge and natural recourses.11 (1):45-55. (In Farsi).##Madukuti, A.E &Larry. M. (2002) Factors related to Zimbabwe women educational needs in agriculture. Journal of Association of International Agricultural and extension education (َ AIAEE) 93(2):272-290.##Noroozi, O. & Chizari, M. (2006).Effective cultural and social factors regarding attitude of wheat farmers of Nahavand Township toward sprinkler irrigation development. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal. 2(2):59-70.##Pedhazuv, e.J (1982), multiple regressions in behavioral research: Explanation and predication. New York, Hoh Reinhart & Winston.##Tabaraee, M. (2004). A study of educational needs of saffron growers in southern Khorasan. 3rd conferences of saffron.38-41.##Trede, L. D. and B. Scott Whitaker (2000) Educational needs and perception of lowa beginning farmers toward their education. J. Agri. Edu. 41(1): 39-48##

0 بررسی عوامل موثر بر امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی (مورد مطالعه: روستای کرناچی، شهرستان کرمانشاه) Factors affecting on rural households food security (Case study: Karnachy Village in Kermanshah County) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53846.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53846 0 دسترسی به غذای کافی و مطلوب و سلامت تغذیه­ای از محورهای اصلی توسعه و سلامت هر جامعه است؛ بنابراین در بین اولویت­های اهداف توسعة هر کشور، دستیابی به امنیت غذایی اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. هدف اصلی مطالعة حاضر، بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر امنیت غذایی خانوار­های روستایی به روش مقطعی و توصیفی-تحلیلی در روستای کرناچی، شهرستان کرمانشاه در سال 1391 بر 100 خانوار بود که به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری داده­های مربوط به وضعیت اجتماعی- اقتصادی از پرسشنامة اطلاعات عمومی و به‌منظور بررسی وضعیت امنیت غذایی از پرسشنامة استاندارد USDA  استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از آزمون کای اسکوئر و رگرسیون لجستیک انجام گرفت. یافته­های پژوهش بیانگر رابطة مثبت و معناداری بین وضعیت اجتماعی و اقتصادی خانوار با امنیت غذایی خانوارهای مورد مطالعه بود، به‌نحوی که رابطة معناداری بین امنیت غذایی خانوار با میزان درآمد ماهیانة خانوار، جایگاه شغلی پدر، وضعیت دارابودن تسهیلات زندگی، سطح سواد مادر و بعد خانوار مشاهده شد. همچنین، براساس نتایج نهایی رگرسیون لجستیک، از میان مجموع متغیرهای مورد مطالعه‌، متغیر جایگاه شغلی پدر خانوار، میزان درآمد و وضعیت دارابودن اقلام زندگی بیشترین تأثیر را در پیشگویی امنیت غذایی خانوار­های مورد مطالعه داشتند. 1 Access to adequate food and health nutrition is the major subject in society health and development. So, food security has a particular importance among priorities of development in each country. The main purpose of this study was to investigate influencing factors affecting food security among 100 rural households in Kerenchy (a village in Kermanshah County) selected by random sampling, methodological descriptive and cross-sectional performed in 2012. General information questionnaire was used for collecting socio - economic situation of population also for surving food security situation of population used standard questionnaire (USDH). Data analysis was performed using Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results showed that there were positive significant relationship among socio - economic households' status with theire food security instance; monthly family income, father's job status, live facilities, level of mother education and family size. Based on the final results of the logistic regression, among all of the variable in this study, father's occupational status, household income and access to facilities had the greatest effect on the prediction of study on food security. 725 737 فرحناز رستمی Farahnaz Rostami عضو هیئت علمی دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه ایران fr304@yahoo.com مهنا شاهمرادی Mahna Shahmoradi دانشجوی دکتری توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه ایران shahmorade4468@gmail.com سارا بقایی Sara Baghaei کارشناس ارشد توسعة روستایی دانشکدة علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران ایران sarahbaghaei@gmail.com امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی عوامل اقتصادی- اجتماعی Alaimo, k., Briefel, R.R.,  Frongillo, E.A., Olson, C.M. (1998). Food insufficiency exists in the United States: Resultsfrom the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANESIII). American Journal of Public Health, 88(3): 419-26.##Bakhshi, M.R., Samadi, M., Baradaran Nasiri, M. (2008). Maintaining  the status of Iran in Southwest Asia on the indicators defining vulnerability and food security. Agricultural Economics and Development, 16(63): 21-50. (in Persian).##Bickel, G., Nord, M., Price, C., Hamilton, W.L., Cook, J.T. (2000). Guide to measuring household food security,revised 2000. Alexandria, VA: USDA Food and Nutrition Service; 2000; Avalilable at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/foodsecurity.##Charlton, K.E., Rose, D.(2002). Prevalence of household food poverty in South Africa: results from a large, nationallyrepresentative survey. Public Health Nutrition, 5: 383-389.##Dastgiri, S., Soltanali, M., Totonchi, H., Ostadrahimi, A.R. (2006). Determinants of Food Insecurity: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tabriz. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 6(3): 233- 39. (in Persian) Derrickson, J.P., Sakai, M., Anderson, J. (2001). Interpretations of the “balanced meal” household food security indicator. Journal of Nutrition Education, 33(3):155-60.##Dini Torkamani A. Food security and it's rate in Iran. Journal of Trade Studies 2000; 14: 121-148. (in Persian).##Ebadi, F., Timurid, M.J. (1383). Introduction to information systems and mapping vulnerability and food insecurity, agricultural economics Planning Institute, Tehran. (in Persian).##Esmaillzadeh, A., Salehi Abargouei, A., Basirat, R. (2012). The association between household food insecurity and childhood obesity among Iranian school-aged children in Farokhshahr, Koomesh, 13(2): 245- 263. (in Persian).##Expediency Discernment Council ,Perspective Document of the Islamic Republic of Iran. (2003). Available from: http://www.majma.ir. (in Persian).##Food and Agriculture Organization. Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2006 report.##Food and Agriculture Organization. Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Crop prospects and food situation, No.1, 2008, Available from URL:www.fao.org/docrep/010/ah881e01.htm, accessed 18 June 2008.##Ghassemi, H. (1997). Food and nutrition security in Iran: a study on planning and administration. Tehran: Planning and Budget Organization, IRAN, Tabriz. (in Persian).##Ghassemi, H., Kimiagar, M., Koupahi, M. (1996). Food and nutrition security in Tehran Province. Tehran: National Nutrition and Food Tecnology Research Institute. (in Persian).##Goudarzi, F. (2008). study the factors affecting the food security of rural communities (Case study Dhpyr District of Khorramabad city), MSc Thesis rural development trend of social development, Tehran University, Faculty of Social Sciences. (in Persian).##Hosseini, E. (2007). Rural development, agriculture and food security. The Economic Journal, 2(15): 54-57. (in Persian).##Jafarisani, M., Bakhshoodeh, M. (2008) Locational distribution of food insecurity in Iranian urban and rural area. Agricultural  Economics and  Development Journal, 61: 103-123. (in Persian).##Karam soltani, Z., Dorosty motlagh, A., Eshraghian, M.R, Siassi, F., jazayeri, A. (2007). Obesity and food security in Yazd primary school students. Tehran University Medical Journal (TUMJ), 65(7): 68-76. (in Persian). 19. Lahteenkorva, S.S., Lahelma, E. (2001). Food insecurity is associated with past and present economic disadvantageand body mass index. Journal of Nutrition, 131(11): 2880-4.##Mehrabi Bshrabady, H., Mousavi Mohammadi, H. (2010). The impact of government support to the agricultural sector, the food security of urban households in Iran, the letter of Agricultural Economics, 4(3): 1-16. (in Persian).##Mohammadi Nasrabadi, F., Omidvar, N., Hoshyar Rad, A., Mehrabi, Y., Abdollahi, M. (2008). The association between food security and weight status among Iranian adults. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, 2: 41-53. (in Persian).##Mohammad-Zadeh, A., dorosty, A.R, Eshraghian, M.R. (2010). investigate the relationship between food security and social factors - economic and weight status in adolescents, Iranian Journal of Food Science and Food Technology, 5(1): 55-62. (in Persian).##Najafi, G.R. (1996). Poverty , food security and rural communities, Agricultural Economics and Rural Development Supplement of the poor and vulnerable: 187-213. (in Persian).##Noori Naeini, S.m.s. (1999). The global dimensions of food security, Articles Collections of food security and agricultural development. Planning and Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, first edition, Tehran. (in Persian).##Nord, M., Andrews, M. (2009). Carlson Steven.Household Food Security in the United States in 2008. Economic Research Service report, No. (ERR-83) 66 pp, November 2009.##Payab, M., Dorosty Motlagh, A.R, Eshraghian, M.R, Siassi, F., karimi, T. (2011). The association between food insecurity, socio-economic factors and dietary intake in mothers having primary school children living in Ray 2010, Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and  Food Technology, 7(1): 75-84. (in Persian).##Rahbar, F., Mobini Dehkordi, A. (2004). New approach to food security strategy (in terms of stable supply of food), Journal of Economic Studies, 14: 1-18. (in Persian).##Ramesh, T., Dorosty Motlagh, A.R., Abdollahi, M. (2010). Prevalence of household food insecurity in the City of Shiraz and its association with socioeconomic and demographic factors, 2008. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, 4 (4) :53-64. (in Persian)##Rose, D. (1999). Economic determinants and dietary consequences of food insecurity in the United States. Journal of Nutrition,129: 517–520.##Rukn Eftekhari, A.R. (2004). 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0 بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و اقتصادی موثر بر نگرش باغداران شهرستان مشهد نسبت به مدیریت تلفیقی آفات Socio-economic factors influencing farmers' attitudes towards integrated pest management in Mashhad https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53847.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53847 0 این پژوهش با هدف کلی بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و اقتصادی مؤثر بر نگرش باغداران دربارة مدیریت تلفیقی آفات در شهرستان مشهد انجام گرفت. جامعة آماری تحقیق 1500 باغدار دهستان کارده بخش مرکزی مشهد بودند. با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 160 نفر نمونه با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه بود که با استفاده از نرم‌افزار spss15 ضریب اعتبار 80 درصد در قسمت‌های مختلف پرسشنامه به‌دست آمد. با توجه به یافته‌های تحقیق، نگرش حدود 60 درصد کشاورزان مورد مطالعه نسبت به مدیریت تلفیقی آفات در حد خوب بود. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد بین متغیر وابستة نگرش و متغیرهای مستقل کانال اطلاعاتی و درآمد رابطه وجود دارد. نتایج رگرسیون چندگانه بیانگر این است که 44 درصد از واریانس متغیر وابستة نگرش دربارة مدیریت تلفیقی آفات توسط متغیرهای میزان استفاده از کانال‌های اطلاعاتی و درآمد تبیین می‌شود. 1 This research was done with aim of analyzing the influencing factors on Farmers’ Attitudes toward IPM in Mashhad. The statistical population was 1500 farmers. 160 farmers were selected with Cochran formula. This research study farmer’s attitude and analyze the socio-economic factors influencing the IPM. There was statistically significant relationship between farmer’s attitude and information canals, distance to city and income. The result of multiple discrimination analysis regression revealed that 44% of variability in farmer’s attitude stems for information canals and income. 739 746 سحر حبیب زاده شجاعی Sahar Habibzadeh Shojaei باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران ایران sahar.h.shojaei@gmail.com محمد شریف شریف زاده Mohammad Sharif Sharifzade دانشیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان ایران sharifsharifzadeh@gmail.com باغدار کشاورزی پایدار مدیریت تلفیقی آفات نگرش Ali. A, Shareh. H. (2008). “Socio – Economic Factors and Integrated Pest Management(IPM) Adoption as Determinants of Farmer’s Productivity in”. European Journal of Social Sciences , 25-31.##Daku ,L. (2000). “Farmers Knowledge & Attitudes Towards Pesticide Use & Olive Pest Management Practices In Vlora , Albania: A Baseline Survey” Available at:www.joe.org/joe.##Diaz ,k. (1995). “Hispanic response to information on the IPM & food safty concerns “. Journal of studyable   agriculture v.5 n.1/2##Dima, C. (2010). Implementation Of Operational Enviromental Practices In The Ontario (CANADA) Wine Industry: Perseptions, Constructs, Intent. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Business School, Heriot-Watt University.##Erbaugh , M. (2006). “ Assessing extension agent knowledge and training needs to improve IPM dissemination in UGANDA”. Available at: www .aiaee.ir##Krischik, V. (2012, May). History of IPM. Minnesota, USA##M.C.Patel, N. A. (2007). “Consequence of Farmers’ Attributes on their Attitude Towards Integrated Pest Management Strategy”. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci , 797-799.##Montgomery, K. P. (2011). Spatial and Gender Dimensions of IPM Adoption in Uganda. faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,Master of Science .##Nardozzo, C. (2008). “Agricultural IPM “.Available at : www.Pennstate.edu##Nichol, AM & Kennedy, SM. (2008). "Assessment of Pesticide Exposure Control Practices Among Men and Women on Fruit-Growing Farms in British Columbia" . Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene , 217 - 226.##Prathap , D.(2008). “Factors influencing the attitude of farmers of Tamil Nadu, India towardrabbit farming”. Available at:www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd18/5/prat.##Qumar, M. (2002). Global trend in agricultural extension: Chllenges facing and the pacific region. Keynote paper presented at PAO regional expert consultation on agricultural extension, Bangkok, 16-19July.##Rahman, Mostafizu. (2010). “Variables contributing to farmers; attitude towards IPM practices in rice cultivation in Godagari, Rajshahi”. Journal of Life and Earth Science, 11-15.##Rajotte,e & Norton, g . (2005) .”IPM transfer and Adoption; in lobalizing IPM ;chapter 8 :143 – 157 “. Available at :www.joe.org##Siragusa, L., & Kathryn C, D. (2009). Theory of planned behavior: Higher education students' attitudes towards ICT based learning interactions. Available at: http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/auckland09/procs/siragusa.pdf .##Vinegar, R. (2012). Participatory Integrated Pest Management In A Smalholder Farmer Cooperativ. Montral: B. Sc in Environment (2012), McGill University, Montreal, QC##Wise, K., & Keith Waldron, j. (2010). 2010 Soybean Integrated Pest and Crop Management On-Farm Educational Programs in. FINAL REPORT 2010 , 1-8.##

0 بررسی نگرش کارشناسان شرکت‌های خدمات فنی- مشاوره‌ای دربارۀ عملکرد سازمان نظام مهندسی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی Attitude of agricultural advisory and technical engineers towards performance of Agricultural and Natural Resources Engineering Organization (ANREO) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53848.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53848 0 هدف مطالعة حاضر، بررسی نگرش کارشناسان شرکت­های خدمات فنی- مشاوره­ای دربارة عملکرد سازمان نظام مهندسی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی بود. جامعة مورد مطالعه 127 نفر از کارشناسان شهرستان سنقر بودند که 45 نفر از آنان، با توجه به سابقة کار و رشتة تحصیلی به روش نمونه­گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش کیو انجام پذیرفت. روش کیو ترکیبی از دو روش کیفی و کمی است و رویکردی است که در آن ذهنیت­های مختلف افراد دربارة موضوعی شناسایی می­شود. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده­ها 25 کارت بود که گویه‌های مندرج در هریک با استفاده از تکنیک گروه‌های متمرکز استخراج شد. پس از تأیید روایی صوری گویه­ها توسط کارشناسانی که جزء نمونة تحقیق نبودند، کارت‌ها برای مرتب‌سازی در اختیار نمونة مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. براساس نتایج تحلیل عاملی کیو، نگرش کارشناسان دربارة عملکرد سازمان نظام مهندسی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی در قالب چهار الگوی ذهنی شامل نگاه آرمان‌گرایانه، منتقدانه، ساختارگرایانه و محافظه­کارانه دسته‌بندی شد. نتایج این مطالعه می­تواند دستاوردهایی برای سازمان نظام مهندسی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه به‌دنبال داشته باشد. این سازمان می­تواند در جذب و ماندگاری اعضا، نگرش ­آن­ها را مد نظر قرار دهد. 1 The Purpose of this research was to determine the attitude of agricultural advisory and technical engineers towards ANREO. The population of this study included 127 engineers in Songhor Township. Based on their job tenure and field of study, a purposeful sample of 45 engineers participated in this study. This study was conducted using Q methodology. It is a combination of qualititative and quantitative methods to identify people´s mindset. Using focus group interview, 25 statements were derived and recorded on each Q card. In the next step, all 25 validated cards were handed over to participants for sorting. Results of Q factor analysis revealed that engineers hold four mindset (visionary, critically, constructivist and conservative look) towards ANREO. The result of this study has implications for ANREO in Kermanshah province. If ANREO is to attract and retain more members, they need to take members’ attitude into consideration. 747 759 کیومرث زرافشانی Kiumars Zarafshani عضو هیئت علمی ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی ایران zarafshani@razi.ac.ir کبری ارکوازی Kobra Arkavazi دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی ایران arkavazi@mailinator.com خدیجه مرادی Khadije Moradi دکتری توسعة کشاورزی دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی ایران moradi@mailinator.com روش شناسی کیو سازمان نظام مهندسی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کارشناسان شرکت‌های خدمات فنی- مشاوره ای نگرش Abzari, M., Safarnia, H., & Abasi, A. (2008). The Impact of Person-Organization Fit on Organizational Attitudes of University Faculties. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 10 (3). (In Farsi).## Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50(2).##Alibaygi, A.M., & Barani, SH. (2012). Analysis of Generic Competencies Required for University Graduates: Perceptions of Agricultural Engineers and Mangers (Kermanshah Province). Iranian journal of agricultural economics and development research, 43(2), No. 1. (In Farsi).##Alipour, M., & Dehghani, K. (2013). Agricultural student´s attitude towards entrepreneurial activity in form of agricultural cooperatives. Iran agricultural extension and education journal. Vol. 8(2). (In Farsi).##Alvani, M., & Memarzade, GH. R. (1995). Organizational Behaviour. Tehran: Morvarid Publication. (In Farsi).##Araghi, M. (1994). The Survey of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behaviour among Ahvaz  Steel Workers. Ms. C Thesis of Esfehan University. (In Farsi).##Ashkar, S. (2003). The survey of Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction among Fisher´s Extension Experts. Ms. C Thesis of Tehran University. (In Farsi).##Burton, S. E. (2013). Status of agricultural extension and rural advisory services worldwide. 21th European Seminar on Extension Education/ Extension Education Worldwide, Antalya.##Donner, J. (2001). Using Q-sort in Participatory Processes: An Introduction to Methodology, Social Development Paper, 36(4).##Goldman, I., & Emke. I. (1991). Communication and Canadian identity: A Q- methodological study. Canadian journal of communication, 16(1).##Hall, C. (2008). Identifying Farmer Attitudes towards Genetically Modified Crops in Scotland. Geoforum, 39. Available at www. Science direct.com.##Hassanpour, M.R., & Sadighi, H. (2011). An Assessment of Job Satisfaction Rate Among the Experts Engaged at the Agricultural Engineering And Technical Consultation Services Companies, In Kermanshah City. Iranian journal of agricultural economics and development research, 42(2), No. 3. (In Farsi).##Kerlinger, N. F. (1973). Foundations of behavioral research. Published in the United states of America.##Khoshkhabar, A. (1994). Tabriz School Administrator´s Attitude towards their Own Job. Ms. C Thesis of Alame Tabatabiee University. (In Farsi).##Khoshgoyanfard, A. R. (2007). Q Methodology. Tehran: Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, Research Center. (In Farsi).##Kolman, L., & Rymesova, p. (2007). Attitudes to Work and Organization as a Part of a Competency Model. AGRIC. ECON. CZECH, 53.##Lajevardi, A. (2010). The Role of Think Tank Centres Authorized by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in Public Policies: A Research Based on Q Methodology. Qurterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education. No. 55. (In Farsi).##Lunenburg, F. C. (2011). Expectancy theory of motivation: Motivating by altering expectations. International Journal of Management Business ans Administration, Vol. 15(1).##Mahdian Broujeni, M., & Ahmadvand. M. (2012). Determinants of agricultural engineering and technical consulting services firms (AETCSFs) activities in Broujen county. Iran agricultural extension and education journal, Vol. 8, No. 1. (In Farsi).##McKeown, B. F., & Thomas, D. (1998). Q Methodology, Sage Publication, Inc.##Militello, M., & Benham, K. P. (2010). Sorting Out Collective Leadership: How Q-Methodology Can be Used to Evaluate Leadership Development. The Leadership Quarterly. 21.  ##Mohsenin, M. (1998).  Employment Problems and Obstacles of Agricultural Graduates. Journal of Agricultural Economics. No. 23. (In Farsi).##Mohseni, M. (1996). Survey of Awareness, Attitude and Social- Cultural Behaviours in Iran. Tehran: Islamic Culture and Guidance Basic Research Center. (In Farsi).##Moradian, F. (2011). Q Methodology. Social Science Monthly Review: Iranian Book Review and Information Journal. No. 37. (In Farsi).##Pourezzat, A. A., & Heydari, E. (2011). Identification and classification of knowledge of challenges and barriers using the Q. Journal of Science and Technology Policy. No. 1, Fall 1390. (In Farsi).##Previte, J., Pini, B., & Haslam- McKenzie, F. (2007). Q methodology and rural research. UK Sociologia ruralis, Vol. 47, No. 2.##Rafipour, F. (1993). Villager´s Attitudes towards Jahad Sazandegi. Tehran: Rural Issues Research Center, Jahad Sazandegi. (In Farsi).##Rahimi, M.K., Zarafshani, K., Noori, M., Abbasizadeh Ganavati, S., & Rostami, F. (2012). Operation Analysis of Engineering Councils of Agriculture in Kermanshah and Zanjan Provinces. Journal of rural research, No. 4. (In Farsi).##  Riggs, k., & Beus, k. (1993). Job satisfaction in extension. Journal of extension, Vol. 31, No. 2, Summer 1993.##Saroghi, A. (1996). The Relationship between Organizational Commitment and Turnover Tendency. Journal of Public Administration. No. 35. (In Farsi).##Shahavali, M., Nooripoor, M. (2007). Factors Affecting Agricultural Students Attitude: Practical Guidance for Agriculture Major Applicants. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal. Vol 3. No 1. 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0 بررسی نقش بازارهای آب کشاورزی در قیمت‌گذاری و تخصیص منابع آب (مطالعۀ موردی: بازار آب مجن) The role of agricultural water markets in the allocation and pricing of water resources (Case study: Mojen Water market) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53849.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53849 0 بازارهای آب یکی از ابزارهای مؤثر و کارآمد تخصیص آب در شرایط کم‌آبی است و از طریق قیمت‌‌گذاری واقعی آب موجب صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب و افزایش کارایی‌های تخصصی و فنی آب می‌شوند. وجود حقابه‌های قابل مبادله و منفک از زمین، شبکه‌های انتقال، تشکل‌های آب‌بران و مقررات مناسب برداشت آب از مهم‌ترین ملزومات تشکیل بازارها محسوب می‌شوند. بازار آب مجن، بازار رقابتی موفق و کارآمدی است که بیش از چهل سال زمینة انواع مبادله‌های آب را فراهم کرده است و سالانه بیش از 30 درصد از آب مصرفی کشاورزان از طریق آن تأمین می‌شود. حجم مبادله‌های آن در سال‌های 1381، 1382 و 1383 به‌ترتیب حدود 38، 54 و 88 هزار متر مکعب و قیمت متوسط هر متر مکعب نیز به‌ترتیب 555، 651 و 664 ریال بود. هدف از این تحقیق برآورد تابع تقاضای آب و بررسی نقش بازار در قیمت‌گذاری و تخصیص منابع آب است. کشش‌های حاصل از تخمین توابع تقاضای نهادة آب برای کل محصولات و تک‌تک محصولات، مؤید رابطة منفی و معنی‌دار بین مقدار تقاضا و قیمت آب است. تفاوت کشش‌ها نیز اصلی‌بودن کشت سیب‌زمینی در مقابل گندم را نشان می‌دهد که یکی از کارکردهای مهم بازار است. زمانی‌که الگوی کشت شامل محصولات سیب‌زمینی و گندم باشد، حساسیت زارعان به تغییرات قیمت آب (256/0) کمتر از حالتی است که تنها تولید سیب‌زمینی (276/0) مد نظر باشد و حساسیت درصورتی‌که فقط گندم تولید می‌شود (477/0)، بیشتر از دو حالت قبل است. مقایسة ارزش تولید متوسط آب در محصولات بالا نیز نتایج برآوردها را تأیید می‌کند که یکی از مهم‌ترین کارکردهای بازار آب در زمینة اولویت تخصیص آب و اصلاح الگوی کشت قلمداد می‌شود. 1 Water markets are instrumental in efficient allocation and pricing of scarce water by enhancing allocative and price efficiency of water use. The prerequisites for water market formation are tradable water rights independent from ownership of the land, extensive water canals, water use associations, and adequate market regulations. Mojen water market has been facilitating exchange of alternative water rights for more than 40 years accommodating among other things 30% of total farmers water demand. The total volume of water exchanged through the marker over the 3 year period of (2002-2004) are 38, 54 and 88 Q3 , with average price of 555, 651, and 664 IR/Q3, respectively. The purpose of this research is to estimate water demand function and identify the roles that market plays in pricing and efficient allocation of water. The estimated demand price elasticities for single and joint production of potato and wheat are significant and negative. The differential among the absolute value of the estimated elasticities reveals that potato and wheat are the major and the minor crop choice in the farmers’ production plan. Producers are less sensitive to variation of water price when they produce potato and wheat jointly compared to their single plantation. The price elasticity of demand for the former joint outputs is -0.256 compared to that of potato and wheat alone which are -0.276 and -0.477, respectively. The difference between the average products of water for the said crops enforces the obtained elasticities results. 761 773 عباس بهلولوند Abbas Bohlolvand کارشناس نهاد ریاست جمهوری ایران khomein57@yahoo.com سید کاظم صدر Seyed Kazem Sadr استاد دانشکدة علوم اقتصادی و سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی ایران kazemsadr@gmail.com سید ابوالقاسم هاشمی Abolghasem Hashemi استاد دانشکدة علوم اقتصادی و سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی ایران ahashemi@yahoo.com بازار آب تشکل‌های آب‌بران تقاضای آب کشاورزی حقابه‌های قابل مبادله شرکت آبیاری مجن قیمت آب A. bohlolvand, K. sadr, (2007). Measuring the state of competition in the mojen water market. 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0 تحلیل پیامدهای تغییر کاربری اراضی زراعی به باغی از دیدگاه باغداران در غرب حوضه آبریز دریاچه ارومیه Analyzing the impacts of changing agronomic land use to orchard from the viewpoint of orchardist in the west of Urmia lake basin https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53850.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53850 0 هدف این تحقیق تحلیل پیامدهای تغییر کاربری اراضی زراعی به باغی در غرب حوضة آبریز دریاچة ارومیه است. جامعة آماری تحقیق شامل تمام کشاورزان غرب حوضة آبریز دریاچة ارومیه است که اراضی زراعی خود را به باغ تبدیل کردند. با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی- طبقه­ای، 150 باغدار سیب و انگور انتخاب شدند. داده‌های مورد نیاز با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه و تکنیک مصاحبة رودررو گردآوری شد. روایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از نظرهای متخصصان ترویج کشاورزی، محیط زیست و خاک‌شناسی و پایایی آن با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (83/0) انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد تغییر کاربری اراضی زراعی آبی به باغی از سال 1352 و تغییر کاربری اراضی زراعی دیم به باغی از سال 1374 آغاز شد. با استفاده از تکنیک تحلیل عاملی- اکتشافی، 65 درصد واریانس پیامدهای تغییر کاربری با عوامل سودآوری و رفاه، بهبود کیفیت هوا و خاک، ارتقای پایگاه و نقش اجتماعی، کاهش حجم کاری، استفادة بیشتر از عناصر تغذیه­ای، بهبود مهارت­های بازاریابی و آلودگی اکوسیستم­های آبی و خاکی تبیین شد.   1 The purpose of this research was to analyze the impact of agronomic land use change to orchard in the west of Urmia Lake basin. The target population was about 12000 consisting of all the farmers in the west of Urmia Lake basin that changed their agronomic land use to orchard. Using Cochran’s formula and stratified random sampling method, 150 apple and grape growers were chosen. Required data were gathered using questionnaire instrument and face to face interview technique. Validity and reliability of questionnaire determined using agricultural extension, environment and soil sciences experts’ viewpoints and the Cronbach alpha coefficient (0.83), respectively. Results showed that irrigated and rain-fed agronomy lands were changed to orchards in 1972 and 1994, respectively. Using exploratory factor analysis, 65 % of the variance of land use change impacts could be explained by profitability and welfare, improving the air and soil quality, promoting the social status and roles, reducing workload, increasing the use of nutrients, improving marketing skills and eco-toxicity of aquatic and terrestrial systems. 775 785 شهرام محمدزاده Shahram Mohammadzade دانشجوی دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ایران s.mohammadzadeh@modares.ac.ir حسن صدیقی Hasan Sedighi دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ایران sadigh_h@modares.ac.ir غلامرضا پزشکی راد Gholamreza Pezeshkir Rad دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ایران pezeshki@modares.ac.ir مجید مخدوم Majid Makhdom استاد پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران ایران mmakhdom@ut.ac.ir محمد شریفی کیا Mohammad sharifi Kia استادیار گروه سنجش از دور دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ایران sharifikia@modares.ac.ir تحلیل عاملی- اکتشافی تغییر کاربری اراضی حوضة‌ آبریز دریاچة ارومیه Arabi, A., Alizadeh, A., Rajaee, Y.V., Jam, K., Niknia, N., 2012. 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0 بررسی تأثیر رهیافت مدرسه مزرعه کشاورز (FFS) بر مدیریت دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزان منطقه شریف آباد شهرستان البرز Analysis of effect of farmer field school approach on agricultural knowledge and information management in Sharifabad regional, Alborz County, Iran https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53851.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53851 0 با به‌کارگیری رهیافت مدرسة مزرعه کشاورز (FFS)، عناصر مدیریت دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزی (تحقیق، ترویج، کشاورزان، سازمان­های غیر دولتی و...) در فرایندی مناسب به همدیگر نزدیک می‌شوند و از تجربه‌ها و یافته‌های علمی و عملی همدیگر بهره می‌برند. هدف این تحقیق بررسی تأثیر رهیافت مدرسة مزرعه کشاورز بر مدیریت دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزان است. این تحقیق از نوع کاربردی و به روش توصیفی- همبستگی است. کشاورزان منطقة شریف‌آباد شهرستان البرز به‌عنوان جامعة آماری این تحقیق انتخاب شدند (420=N) و با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری احتمالاتی ساده، 200 کشاورز به‌عنوان نمونة آماری انتخاب شدند. برای تعیین روایی محتوایی، چندین نسخه از پرسشنامه را در اختیار استادان دانشگاه و تعدادی از کارشناسان استان قزوین گذاشتیم و پس از دریافت نظرهای آن‌ها اصلاحات لازم انجام گرفت. پایایی پرسشنامه از طریق تکمیل سی پرسشنامه توسط کشاورزان در یکی از شهرستان‌های خارج از نمونة اصلی محاسبه شد و ضریب پایایی آلفای کرونباخ 81/0 برآورد شد. نتایج پاسخگویان دربارة وضعیت مدیریت دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزی این‌گونه بود: 8/18 درصد ضعیف، 2/16 درصد متوسط و 65 درصد خوب. همچنین، عوامل مدیریتی، عوامل اجتماعی، عوامل آموزشی- ترویجی و عوامل اقتصادی، 9/77 درصد از تغییرات مدیریت دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزی را تبیین کردند.‏‏‏‏‏ 1 Elements of agricultural knowledge and information management(research, extension, farmers, NGO and …) to near together in appropriate process were used in farmer field school approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of farmer field school (FFS) approach on agricultural knowledge and information management. The research population consisted of 420 farmers who participated in FFS approach in Sharifabad regional selected randomly (200). The methodological approach of this study was descriptive-correlative. Validity of the instrument was established by a panel of experts consisting of senior faculty members and research committee advisors. Reliability analysis was conducted by using Cronbach alpha formula and result was 81. The results showed that 18.8, 16.2 and 65 percent of farmers expressed that their agricultural knowledge and information management were weak, moderate and good respectively. Also the results of the multiple regression analysis (stepwise method) revealed that the management, social, education- extension and economic factors explained a variation of 77.9 percent of the agricultural knowledge and information management by farmers. 787 794 غلامرضا دین پناه Gholam Reza Dinpanah استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی،واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران ایران dinpanah57@yahoo.com فرهاد لشگرآرا Farhad Lashgar Ara استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران ایران f.lashgarara@yahoo.com محمد مهاجری Mohammad Mohajeri کارشناس ارشد سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گیلان، ایران ایران m.mohajeri.62@gmail.com البرز رهیافت مدرسة مزرعه کشاورز شریف آباد مدیریت دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزان Anandajayasekeram, P., Davis, K. E. & Workneh, S. (2007). Farmer field schools: An alternative to existing extension systems? Experience from eastern and southern Africa. 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