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0 اثرگذاری مدیریت ریسک و توسعۀ مکانیزاسیون بر شاخص بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید زیربخش‌های زراعت و باغبانی Effect of risk management and development of mechanization on total factor productivity of agronomy and horticulture sub-sectors https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53154.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53154 0 رشد اقتصادی همواره به عنوان شاخصی مهم مد نظر سیاست‌گذاران اقتصادی بوده است. با توجه به محدودیت نهاده‌های تولیدی، مناسب‌ترین راه برای رشد هر بخش افزایش بهره‌وری است. در بخش کشاورزی، با توجه به ریسک‌های متعددی که کشاورزان به دلیل فعالیت در محیط باز با آن روبه‌رو هستند، افزایش بهره‌وری نیز از آن ریسک‌ها تأثیر می‌پذیرد. از این رو، ضروری است با توجه به اهمیت بخش کشاورزی در اقتصاد و تأمین امنیت غذایی، راهکارهایی برای کاهش ریسک اندیشیده شود که توسعة مکانیزاسیون و زیرساخت‌ها به منظور کاهش ریسک پدیدآمده از کشت دیم و هدررفت منابع، گسترش بیمه و تنوع کشت در این دسته جای می‌گیرند. پژوهش پیش رو، نخست به اندازه‌گیری بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید با استفاده از شاخص ترنکوئیست- تیل در زیربخش‌های زراعت و باغبانی در سال‌های 1353- 1386 پرداخته، سپس با برآورد یک الگوی رگرسیونی، تأثیر عوامل نامبرده بر آن را بررسی کرده است. نتایج نشان داد؛ میانگین رشد بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید زیربخش‌های زراعت و باغبانی 96 درصد بوده است، بیمه و تنوع کشت اثر مثبتی بر بهره‌وری دارد و کاربرد بیش از اندازۀ تراکتور موجب کاهش بهره‌وری می‌شود. 1 Economic growth as an important indicator has always considered by policy makers. In presence of production inputs constraints, the most appropriate way of growing each sector is increase of productivity. In the agricultural sector due to several risks that farmers face as a result of activity in an open environment, productivity is also affected by these risks. Because of the importance of agriculture in the economy and food security, some strategies should be devised to reduce the risk that mechanization and infrastructure development for reducing the risk of cropping, expansion of insurance and crop diversification are taking place in this category. Hence, the present study has measured total factor productivity of agronomy and horticulture subsectors by using the Tornquist-Theil Index for years 1974-2007 and then by estimating a regression model, influence of the above factors on productivity has been evaluation. The average of total factor productivity growth of agronomy and horticulture subsectors was 0.96 for this period. The results showed positive effect of crop diversification and insurance on productivity and also, it will be reduced by excessive use of tractor. 395 402 الهام مهرپرور حسینی Elham Mehrparvar Hoseini دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران mehrparvar@ut.ac.ir سعید یزدانی Saeed Yazdani استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران syazdani@ut.ac.ir بیمة محصولات کشاورزی تنوع کشت زیرساخت‌ها شاخص ترنکوئیست- تیل مکانیزاسیون - Aschauer, D. (1989). Is Public Expenditure Productive?. Journal of Monetary Economics, 23, 177-200.##- Ashok, K.R., & Balasubramanian, R. (2006). Role of Infrastructure in Productivity and Diversification of Agriculture. South Asia Network of Economic Research Institutes (SANEI), Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan.##- Daneshvar Ameri, Z. H. (2004). Productivity improvement potentials in shrimp industry in Iran. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Tehran, Iran(In Farsi). - Diewert,W.E. (1992). Fisher ideal output, input, and productivity indexes revisited. The journal of productivity analysis, 3, 211-248.##- Mafi, H., Saleh, I., & M., Arzandeh, (2009). Measuring the Total Factor Productivity and Causal Testing Its Effective Parameters in Iran’s Agricultural Sub-Sectors. Proceedings of seventh Iranean conference for agricultural economics, November 2009.: University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran(In Farsi). - Mamatzakis, E.C. (2003). Public infrastructure and productivity growth in Greek agriculture. Agricultural Economics, 29, 169-180. - Nadiri, M.I. (1970). Some approaches to the theory and measurement of total factor productivity a survey, Journal of Economic Literature, 95-143. - Peresident Office. (2004). The laws of 4th economical, social and cultural development plan, Iran (In Farsi). - Peresident Office. (2009). The laws of 5th economical, social and cultural development plan, Iran (In Farsi). - Robidoux, B., & Lester, J.(1992). Econometric estimates of escale economies in Canadian manufacturing. Journal of Applied economics, No.24,113-122.##- Salami, H. & Langeroodi, H. (2002). Measuring productivity in banking firm: A case study of the Agricultural Bank. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 39(10), 7-26(In Farsi).##- Salami, H. (1997). Mesearment of agricultural productivity, Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 18, 7-18(In Farsi).##- Salami, H. (2000). Estimating economic size of pastures by using total factor productivity: A case study of  Shiraz province in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 32, 51-67(In Farsi).##- Shaabani, Z . (2008). Estimation of Capital stock and calculation of productivity of it in Iran’s agricultural subsectors. MSc. Dissertation, university of Tehran, Iran(In Farsi).##

0 نیازسنجی آموزشی گلخانه‌داران گل و گیاهان زینتی استان تهران با استفاده از مدل بوریچ (مطالعة موردی: کاربرد انرژی‌های جایگزین) Assessment of educational needs of greenhouse holders of ornamental plants and flowers in Tehran Province, using Borich's Model https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53157.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53157 0 پژوهش حاضر با هدف نیازسنجی آموزشی گلخانه‌داران پرورش‌دهندة گل و گیاهان زینتی در مورد کاربرد انرژی‌های جایگزین انجام گرفت. پژوهش از نوع کاربردی به روش توصیفی- همبستگی است. جامعة آماری آن 499 نفر از گلخانه‌داران گل و گیاهان زینتی استان تهران هستند که براساس فرمول کوکران 117 نفر از آن‌ها به عنوان نمونه به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. ابزار اندازه‌گیری استفاده‌شده در این تحقیق، پرسشنامه‌ای مبتنی بر مدل بوریچ بود. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده از نرم‌افزار SPSSWin18 انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که گلخانه‌داران مزبور برای کاربرد انرژی‌های جایگزین نیاز آموزشی دارند و گویه‌های انتخاب نوع انرژی استفاده‌شده در گلخانه، استفاده از امکانات لازم برای کاربرد انرژی‌های جایگزین در گلخانه، نحوة برقراری ارتباط با کارشناسان سازمان انرژی‌های نو در زمینة استفاده از انرژی‌های جایگزین در گلخانه به ترتیب به عنوان نیازهای رتبة یک تا سه معرفی شدند. نتایج تحلیل همبستگی نیز بیانگر آن بود که متغیرهای میزان تحصیلات و سابقه با نیاز آموزشی گلخانه‌داران رابطة منفی و معنی‌داری در سطح 01/0 دارند، متغیرهای سطح زیر کشت گلخانه و هزینة حامل‌های انرژی با نیاز آموزشی گلخانه‌داران رابطة مثبت و معنی‌داری در سطح 01/0 دارند و متغیر سن با نیاز آموزشی گلخانه‌داران همبستگی معنی‌داری نداشت. 1 The purpose of present research was studying the educational need assessment of greenhouse holders growing ornamental plants and flowers about applying alternative energies. This research is application with descriptive- correlative method. Statistical community was 499 subjects of greenhouse holders of ornamental plants and flowers in Tehran province. By using simple random sampling method and based on Cochran formula, 117 subjects measurement tool were used. This research was a questionnaire based on Borich's model. Gathered data were analyzed by Spss18. Results showed that above-mentioned greenhouse holders have educational need to apply alternative energies. Various aspects including selecting energy type used in greenhouse, using necessary facilities to apply alternative energies in greenhouse and a method of communication to professionals of new energies organization in the context of using alternative energies in greenhouse were introduced as three primary needs. Results of correlation analysis suggested that there is a negative meaningful relationship among variables education level and background and educational need of greenhouse holders in level %99. The variables are covered by greenhouse culture. The costs of energy transporters have a positive meaningful relationship with educational needs of greenhouse holders at 99% level but variable age has no meaningful correlation with educational needs of greenhouse holders. 403 411 ملیکا رجائی Melika Rajaee دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران ایران m.rajaii@yahoo.com ایرج ملک محمدی Iraj Malek Mohmmadi استاد دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران amalek@ut.ac.com سید محمود حسینی Sayed Mahmood Hoseini دانشیار دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران hoseinim@ut.ac.ir انرژی‌های جایگزین گیاهان زینتی مدل بوریچ نیازسنجی آموزشی Borich, G.D. (1980).  A  needs assessment model for conducting follow-up. The Journal of Teacher education.31 (3), 39-42  ##Conklin, l. N., L. L. Hook, J. B. Kelbaugh, & D. R. Nieto. (2003). Identifying needs of extension personnel: A comprehensive model. Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference Agricultural Education and Extension, Raleigh, North Carolina, pp 148-159##Fakharzade, A. & Nabifar, M. (2008). Solar greenhouses, suitable technique for optimization of the fuel consumption in the field of the agriculture. The fourth seminar of the optimization of the fuel consumption in the building. (2008) (In Farsi)##Haidari, M., peshger komleh, H., rafii, sh. & kaihani, AA. (2010). Estimation of the sustaining  indices of the energy consumption in the development of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation. The first national seminal of the sustainable agriculture and production of health produc in Iran (2010) (In Farsi)##Khairi, Sh. (2007). The evaluation of the educational needs of the garden holders of olive growers in the background of the improvement and development of the olive gardens of Roodbar,s Vaiaye village. Ms.c these. University Tarbiat Moddares Thran, Iran. (In Farsi)##Latimer, J., Scoggins, H., Barden, V., & Lambur, M. (2002). Needs assessment survey of the Virginia greenhouse industry. Virginia: Polytechnic Institute and State University, 24061-0402.##Mattson, N. (2008). Needs assessment survey of the New York state greenhouse industry. New York: Department of horticulture plant science building.  Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853##Musavi, M. & Chizari, M. (2007). The evaluation of the educational needs of potato growers of Ajab Shir township in the background of marketing. Journal of Agricultural skills and sciences and natural  resources. 11(1): 478-498. (In Farsi)##Ommani, A. R., & Chizari, M. (2005). A educational needs assessment of low input sustainable agriculture (LISA) practices for wheat farmers in Khouzestan province of Iran. Proceedings of the 21th Annual Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education Conference. San Antonio,Texas,U.S.A14(3),18-31.Retrievedfrom http://www.aiaee.org/2005/Posters/P028.pdf##Panahi, F. (2010). The determination of the educational needs of the garden holders of apple growers, an example study of Oghlid township, Fars province. The agricultural education and extension studis.(1): 57-70. (In Farsi)##Pezeshki Rad, Gh. (2008). The evaluation of the professional educational needs of agriculture trainers of the agricultureal education centers of Mazandaran and Golestan provinces by the use of Borich model. Journal of economy investigations and agricultural development of Iran, 3o(1), 55-62. (In Farsi)##Power Distribution Company. (2011). Using the modern and available energies. (In Farsi)##Rezaian Yazdi, H. (2011). Using of the modern energies leads to the promotion of the agricultural section. Interview. Mehr, 2011. (In Farsi)##Sabori, M.S. & Minaee, A. (2009). The categorization of the educational needs of Garmsar township,s greenhouse holders from the agricultural experts and greenhouse holders view paints. Journal of Agricultural education and extension studies. 2(3): 33-48. (In Farsi)##Shabani, Z. Rafii, SH. & maili. H. (2009). Investigation of the mechanization indices in the cultivation of rose greenhouse and a set.  The  papers of the fifth international congress of the engineering of the gricultural machines and mechanization.(In Farsi)##Simpson. P. A., Greller, M. M., & Strosh, T. K. (2002). Variations in human capital investment activity by age. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 109-138.##Tabaraee, M. (2006). The evaluation of the educational needs of Khorasan,s wheat cultivator in the background of sustainable agricultureal . Journal of agricultural industries and sciences. 20(1): 91-101.(In Farsi)##Zarafshani, K. Agahi, H. & khaledi, Kh. (2011). The educational requirement of the women of Sanghor,s Ghomam villag (based on Borich and Quadrant model). Journal of woman in development and policy. 9(1).165-185.(In Farsi)##Zenoozi, A. Ghobadian, B. (2007). comparison of the producing biodisel under the energy reproduced from four nutritive oils. The sixth national seminar of the energy .(In Farsi)##

0 بررسی هوش سازمانی و مؤلفه‌های آن در سازمان جهاد کشاورزی گیلان Extension of organizational intelligence component in Agricultural Organization (Jihad-e- Keshavarzi) of Guilan Province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53159.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53159 0 هدف این تحقیق توصیفی- پیمایشی، تحلیل سطوح مؤلفه‌های هوش سازمانی در سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گیلان از دید کارکنان سازمان است. جامعة آماری شامل تمام کارکنان سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گیلان (1296N=) است که حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول حداقل حجم نمونه بارتلت و همکاران تعیین شد (183n=) و این تعداد با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای متناسب انتخاب شد. ابزار تحقیق شامل پرسشنامة استاندارد هوش سازمانی آلبرشت با 49 گویه با هفت مؤلفه است. روایی صوری و محتوایی پرسشنامه توسط جمعی از استادان و متخصصان تأیید شد و پایایی آن نیز بر اساس آلفای کرونباخ 95/0 محاسبه شد که بیانگر پایایی بالای ابزار اندازه‌گیری است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزارSPSS18  در دو سطح آمار توصیفی و استنباطی صورت گرفت. یافته‌ها نشانگر وجود هوش سازمانی متوسط در سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گیلان است. رتبه‌بندی مؤلفه‌های هوش سازمانی نشان داد که مؤلفة سرنوشت مشترک در بالاترین رتبه و میل به تغییر در پایین‌‌‌ترین رتبه قرار گرفتند. 1 The main purpose of this descriptive–survey research was to analysis organizational intelligence components in Agricultural Organization (Jihad-e-Keshavrzi) of Guilan Province. The statistical population of the study consisted of Agricultural Organization of Guilan Province’s staffs (N=1296). In order to determine sample size (n=183), the table for determining sample from a given population, developed by Bartlett et al. (2001), was used. Cluster sampling technique was used as a sampling method. The instrument for this study was a closed form questionnaire adapted from Albrecht organizational intelligence standard scale (2003). The instruments included seven organizational intelligence components measured against 49 statements. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by face validity and content validity. In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach Alpha coefficients were calculated (α= 0.95). The data were analyzed by SPSS18 software. The findings revealed moderate organizational intelligence level in Agricultural Organization of Guilan Province. Among the intelligence components, ‘shared fate’ received highest ratings and ‘appetite for change’ received the lowest ratings. 413 423 هاجر افتخاری Hajar Eftekhari عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران ایران parisa_eftekhari12@yahoo.com محمدصادق اللهیاری Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari دانشیار گروه مدیریت کشاورزی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران ایران msallahyari@yahoo.com محمد چیذری Mohammad Chizari استاد، دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران ایران mchizari@modares.ac.ir سازمان هوشمند هوش هوش سازمانی Albrecht, K. (2002). Organizational intelligence profile. 2(1), 4-16, available online at: www. Karl Albrecht. com##Albrecht, K. (2003). Organizational intelligence survay preliminary assessment. Australian Institute of Management. 1-10, available online at: www. Karl Albrecht.com.##Bartlett, J. E., Kotrilk, J. W., & Higgins, Ch. C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survay research. Information Technology, Learning and Performance Journal, 19 (1), 43-50.##Beikzad, J., Alaei, M. B., & Eskandari, K. (2010). Study of relationship between the managers’ organizational intelligence and organizational performance in governmental organizations of East Azarbaijan, Management Research, 3(8), 143-163. (In Farsi).##Cakir, R., & Ada, S. (2008). Can the organizational intelligence be developed in schools by in-scrice trainning?. World Applied Sciences Journal, 4(1), 30 – 24.##Elahian, A., & Zavvari, M. A. (2009). Organizational intelligence source business intelligence. Tadbir, 208, 49-52. (In Farsi).##Ercetin, S. S., Cetin, B., & Potas, N. (2007). Multi-dimensional organizational intelligence scale (Muldimorins). World Applied Science Journal, 2(3), 151-157.##Faghihi, A., & Jafari, P. (2009). Studying the organizational intelligence in Organization for Research and Educational Planning and providing appropriate conceptual framework. Journal of Education, 100, 27-48. (in Farsi).##Glyn, M. A. (1996). Innovative Genius: A framework for relating individual and organizational intelligences to innovation. Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 1081-1111.##Jabbari Zahir Abadi, A. (2010). Relation of learning organization to organizational intelligence in the education organization of Rafsanjan, MA thesis, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht. (in Farsi)##11. Kavousi, A., & Rezghi Shirsavar, H. (2010). Determination of organizational intelligence level of the students of urban management in I.A.U, Tehran science and research branch. Urban Management Studies, 2(2), 127-144. (in Farsi).##12. Kohansal, H., Saatchi, M., & Javidi, H. (2010). Adequacy of psychometric measures of organizational intelligence. Journal of Psychological Models and Methods, 1(1), 105-118. (in Farsi).##Lefter, V., Prejmerean, M., & Vasilache, S. (2008). The dimension of organizational intelligence in romanian companies- A human capital prspective. Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest.##Malekzadeh, Gh. (2010). Organizational intelligence: A powerful device in managing a knowledge-based company. Roshd-e-Fanavari, 6(22), 31-37. (in Farsi).##Matheson, D., & Matheson, J. (2001). SMART organizational perform better. Research Technology Management Journal, 12(2), 7.##Mollaeian, S., & Eslamieh, F. (2010). Study of the relation between SAIPA Company’s rate of having the learning organizations features and the company’s organizational intelligence. Journal of Modern Industrial/Organizational Psychology, 1(4), 77-88. (in Farsi).##Potas, N., Ercetin, S. S., & Kocak, S. (2010). Multi dimensional organizational intelligence measurments for determining the institutional and managerial capacity of girls technical education institution (Diyarbakir, Sanliurfa and Koya/ Turkey). 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Participation of rural women in mixed farming, PhD thesis in Agricultural extension, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore.##22. Siadat, S. A., Kazemi, A., & Mokhtaripour, M. (2010). A comparative study of  the relation between organizational intelligence and team leadership among faculty members of Isfahan state universities. Journal of Public Administration Perspective, 1(1), 87-99. (in Farsi).##Zahraei, S. M., & Rajaeipour, S. (2011). Study of the relation between organizational intelligence and health in Isfahan Universities in the academic year 2009 to 2010. Quarterly Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration,, 2(2), 155-174. (In Farsi).##

0 بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعة بیمة گندم در شهرستان همدان Factors affecting the development of wheat farming insurance in Hamedan County https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53161.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53161 0 بیمة محصولات کشاورزی به عنوان کارآمدترین ابزار حمایتی دولت بیشترین قابلیت‌ها را برای مقابله با خطرها دارد و یکی از مناسب‌ترین سازوکارها برای ایجاد امنیت سرمایه‌گذاری در بخش کشاورزی به شمار می‌رود. از این رو، در این پژوهش عوامل مؤثر بر توسعة بیمة گندم در شهرستان همدان بررسی شده است. پژوهش حاضر مبتنی بر روش توصیفی- همبستگی است و در قالب طرح‌های غیر آزمایشی طبقه‌بندی می‌شود. اطلاعات مورد نیاز تحقیق از گندم‌کاران بیمه‌شدة شهرستان همدان به کمک پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری شد. برای تعیین روایی ابزار سنجش تحقیق از نظرهای استادان و متخصصان دانشگاهی استفاده شد. ارزیابی پایایی پرسشنامه نیز در مرحلة پیش‌آزمون با تکمیل 30 پرسشنامه از جامعة آماری مطالعه‌شده صورت گرفت. به این ترتیب پایایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ 82/0 به دست آمد. در این تحقیق، گندم‌کاران بیمه‌شدة شهرستان همدان در سال زراعی 1388-1389 به عنوان جامعة آماری در نظر گرفته شده است. برای تعیین حجم نمونه، از فرمول کوکران استفاده شد و تعداد 225 نفر از گندم‌کاران بیمه‌شدة شهرستان همدان به صورت نمونه‌گیری نظام‌مند انتخاب شدند. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که متغیرهای رضایت بیمه‌گزاران از نحوة ارائة خدمات توسط صندوق بیمة محصولات کشاورزی، آسان‌بودن پیگیری امور اداری بیمه، سطح زیر کشت، سرعت پرداخت غرامت، بدهی کشاورزان به بانک‌ها و دفعات تمدید قرارداد بیمه تأثیر معنی‌داری در توسعة بیمة گندم داشته‌اند. شش متغیر ذکرشده در مجموع 6/88 درصد تغییرات توسعة بیمة گندم را پیش‌بینی کردند؛ بنابراین یافته‌های این تحقیق راهکاری برای برنامه‌ریزان کشاورزی و صندوق بیمة محصولات کشاورزی به شمار می‌رود. 1 Agricultural insurance is the most efficient tool for governmental supports to deal with hazards. Also, it has the highest capability to deal with hazards. Agricultural insurance can be one of the most appropriate mechanisms for investment security in agricultural sector. The main purpose of this study was analyzing factors affecting development of wheat insurance in Hamedan County. This study is based on a correlation-descriptive methodology. The data were collected by questionnaire from wheat farmers' insured. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, opinions of professors and specialists were used. Assessment of the questionnaire's reliability was done during a pre-test step by gathering data from 30 samples related to the population. Thus, reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cranach’s Alpha which was between 0.82. In this study, wheat farmers' insured were as the study population in the Hamadan County during 2010-2011 farming year. To determine the sample size, Cochrane formula was used and the number of 225 wheat farmers' insured of Hamedan County selected by systematic random sampling. Results show that positive relationship between the variables such as satisfied insurance makers from services by the Agricultural Insurance Fund (AIF), administrative affairs in insurance contracts, the entire cultivated surface, reparation rate and payments, to be owed to banks, and the frequency of extending insurance contractwith the variable development of wheat insurance. The six mentioned variables predict totally 88.6% of the wheat insurance development changes.Therefore, the findings of this study can be contributed agricultural planners and agricultural products insurance fund. 425 437 کریم نادری مهدیی Karim Naderi اعضای هیئت علمی گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان ایران knadery@yahoo.com احمد یعقوبی فرانی Ahmad Yaghoubi Farani اعضای هیئت علمی گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان ایران yaghobi@mailinator.com حشمت اله سعدی Heshmatollah Saadi اعضای هیئت علمی گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان ایران saadi@mialiator.com لیلا زلیخایی سیار Leila Zoleikhaei Sayar دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا ایران zoleikhaeei@mialinator.com بیمة گندم توسعة بیمه ریسک کشاورزی عوامل مؤثر Agahi, H; Zarafshani, K. and Behjat, A.M. (2008) .The effect of crop insurance on technical efficiency of wheat in Kermanshah providence :a corrected ordinary least square approach. 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0 برآورد نیازهای آموزشی کشاورزان پیرامون مدیریت کیفیت محصولات کشاورزی (مطالعة موردی: استان چهار محال و بختیاری) Farmers' educational needs assessment related to quality management of agricultural products (Case study: Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari Province) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53162.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53162 0 هدف این مطالعه برآورد نیازهای آموزشی کشاورزان استان چهارمحال‌وبختیاری پیرامون مدیریت کیفیت محصولات کشاورزی است. روش تحقیق در این مطالعه از نوع روش‌های توصیفی- پیمایشی و همبستگی است. 398 کشاورز از شش شهرستان استان از طریق روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای تصادفی با انتساب متناسب انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامة مدل نیازسنجی بوریچ استفاده شد. یافته‌های مطالعه اولویت نیازهای آموزشی کشاورزان را به این صورت نشان می‌دهد: 1. انبارداری محصولات کشاورزی 2. فراوری و تبدیل محصولات کشاورزی 3. بسته‌بندی محصولات کشاورزی 4. آشنایی با رفتار مشتریان 5. مهارت‌های بازاریابی محصولات کشاورزی 6. عملیات کشاورزی مؤثر بر کیفیت محصولات کشاورزی. میزان ضرایب همبستگی نشان می‌دهد که رابطة مستقیم و معنی‌داری بین سن و میزان سابقة اشتغال در حرفة کشاورزی با میزان نیاز آموزشی وجود دارد. رابطة معکوس و معنی‌داری بین میزان تحصیلات و میزان درآمد ماهیانة کشاورزان با میزان نیاز آموزشی آنان مشاهده شد. رابطة معنی‌داری بین میزان مالکیت زمین‌های زراعی و باغی با میزان نیاز آموزشی کشاورزان مشاهده نشد. 1 The purpose of this study was to assess educational needs of Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari's farmers related to quality management of agricultural products. The research method was descriptive-correlational. 398 farmers have been selected through random and multi stage stratified sampling method. The questionnaire of Borich's needs assessment model was used to collecting data. Findings of study show the priority of farmer's educational needs as follow: 1. Storage of agricultural products, 2. Process of agricultural products, 3. Packing agricultural products, 4. Familiarity with the customer's behavior, 5. Marketing skills of agricultural products, 6. Agricultural practices influencing the quality of products. The amount of correlational coefficients indicates that there is significant and direct relationship between age and agricultural experience with the rate of educational needs. A significant but reverse relationship between farmers' education years and monthly income with the rate of their educational needs have been found. No significant relationships between land tenure size with the rate of educational need has been found. 439 449 ابراهیم مردانی Ebrahim Mardani کارشناس ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس و کارشناس آموزش و مدرس مؤسسة آموزش عالی علمی کاربردی جهاد کشاورزی ایران mardani@mailinator.com غلام‌رضا پزشکی راد Gholam Reza Pezishki Rad دانشیار ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ایران pezeshki.gh@gmail.com مدیریت کیفیت نیازسنجی آموزشی Bagheri Zenouz, A. (1996). Storage technology of agricultural products. Tehran: Tehran university publications. (In Farsi)##Bayat, F. (2004). Factors losing  agricultural products in different stages and combating strategies. Proceeding of first Iranian conference for prevention methods of national resource, 26-28 June 2004. (In Farsi)##Borich, D.G. (1980). A needs assessment model for conducting follow-up studies. Journal of Teacher Education 31(3). 39-41.##Davis, J.A. (1971). Elementry survey analysis. Englewood, prentice-hall.##Delavar, A. 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0 تحلیل وضعیت پایداری کشت و کار سیب‌زمینی در دشت بهار استان همدان Sustainability status of potato cultivation, Bahar-plain of Hamedan province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53163.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53163 0 هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر تحلیل وضعیت پایداری کشت و کار سیب‌زمینی در دشت بهار استان همدان بوده است. این پژوهش از نظر هدف تحقیق، اکتشافی؛ از نظر روش گردآوری داده‌ها، پیمایشی و از نظر نتیجه، کاربردی است. جامعة آماری این تحقیق تعداد 2054 نفر سیب‌زمینی‌کار دشت بهار بود. حجم نمونه از طریق فرمول کوکران 162 نفر برآورد شد و در نهایت به منظور افزایش دقت، 172 پرسشنامه تکمیل شد. داده‌ها به کمک نرم‌افزار تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. براساس شاخص پایداری ترکیبی کل، پایداری بیش از 50 درصد از سیب‌زمینی‌کاران در سطح پایین یا بسیار پایین بوده است. همچنین، براساس نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون پنج عامل «مساحت کل زمین کشت‌شده، سطح تناوب یا آیش نسبت به کل سطح زیر کشت سیب‌زمینی، میزان کل کودهای شیمیایی مصرفی، میزان کل سموم، علف‌کش و قارچ‌کش مصرفی و سطح استفاده از روش‌های کشاورزی پایدار توسط سیب‌زمینی‌کار»، در مجموع توانایی تبیین 69 درصد از تغییرات پایداری زراعی- اکولوژیکی را داشتند؛ پنج عامل «سطح زیر کشت، میزان خسارت وارده در هکتار، هزینة بذر مصرفی، سطح زیر کشت بیمه‌شده و ارزش کل فروش محصول» در مجموع 62 درصد از تغییرات پایداری اقتصادی را تبیین کردند و نیز چهار عامل «سطح تنوع درآمدی سیب‌زمینی‌کار، سطح استفاده از کانال‌های ارتباطی، سطح دانش سیب‌زمینی‌کار از کشاورزی پایدار و تجربة کشت و کار سیب‌زمینی توسط زارع» در مجموع توانایی تبیین 55 درصد از تغییرات پایداری اجتماعی را دارا بودند. 1 The main purpose of this paper is analyzing sustainability condition for potato cultivation in Bahar-Hamedan plain. Potato farmers Population in this plain is 2054 individuals. We obtained sample size, which are 162 by using Cochrane’s formula. For increasing accuracy 172 samples fill out the questionnaires. Data analyzed by SPSS software. Results showed that sustainability level was low or very low for more than fifty percent of farmers. Five factors including land under cultivation, the ratio of land under crop rotation to land under cultivation, amount of chemical fertilizers used by farmer, amount of poisons, and sustainable agriculture level can explain 69% of variation in Agricultural-Ecological sustainability. Area under Cultivation, the amount of damage per acres, seed cost, insured area and total revenue explain 62% of variation in terms of Economical sustainability. Furthermore, income diversity, level of communication facilities used by farmer, the knowledge level about the sustainable agriculture and farmer experience in potato cultivation explain 55% of variation in social sustainability. 451 465 عبادالله نعمتی Ebadollah Nemati کارشناس ارشد توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه تهران ایران ebad.nemati@yahoo.com هوشنگ ایروانی Hooshang Iravani استاد دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران iravani@mialinator.com علی اسدی Ali Asadi استاد دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران aasadi@ut.ac.ir پایداری تحلیل رگرسیون دشت بهار سنجش پایداری کشت و کار سیب‌زمینی -       Altieri, M.A; & Nicholls, C.I. (2003). Soil fertility management and insect pests: harmonizing soil and plant health in agro ecosystems. Soil Till Res, 72(1), 203–211.##-       Amani, A., & Chizari, M. (2006), an analysis of farming system sustainability among wheat farmers.(Khozestan Province). Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science(Agricultural Economic and Development), 37(2-2), 257-266. (In Farsi).##-       ANRC(Committee on Twenty-First Century Systems Agriculture; National Research Council). (2010). Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. Retrieved November 18 2011, from http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12832.html/.##-       Arabiun, A. (2008). Identification and Designing a Model for sustainable Development of Wheat Cropping System in Fars Province. Ph.D. dissertation, University of of Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi).##-       Enayatirad, M; Ajili, A. & Rezaeimoghadam, k. (2010).The investigation of sustainability activities among corn farmers  in Khozestan Province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 40(2-4), 99-107. (In Farsi).##-       Kalantari, Kh. (2006). Data processing and analyzing in socio-economic researches, (2th ed.).  Tehran: Sharif publication. (In Farsi).##-       Knwler, D. & Bradshaw, B. ( 2007). Farmers adoption of conservation agriculture: a review and synthesis of recent research. Elsevier. Journal of food policy, (32), 25-48.##-       Lichtfouse, E; Navarrete, M; Debaeke, P; Souchẻre, V; Alberola, C; & Mẻnassieu, J. (2009). Agronomy for sustainable agriculture. A review. Agron Sustain Dev, 29:1–6.##-       Maghsodi, T. (2004). Sustainability survey of potato cultivation, Fereadonshahr of  Esfahan province. M.Sc. dissertation, University of of Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi).##-       Parent, Diane; Belenger, B; Vanasse, A; Allard, G; & Pellerin, D. (2010). method for the evaluation of farm sustainability in Québec.Canada. The social aspect, 9th European IFSA Symposium, 4-7 july 2010- Vienna (Austria).  ##-       Pretty, J. (2005). Sustainability in agriculture: Recent Progress and Emergent Challenges. Issues in Environmental science and Technology, No.21.##-       Rasul, G; Thapa, G.B. (2003). Sustainability analysis of ecological and conventional agricultural systems in Bangladesh. World Dev, 31(10), 1721–1741.##-       Subhash, M; Rupela, O.M; Bisht, S; Nayak, AKJR; & Hedge, NG. (2010). Improving the livelihoods of the resource-poor smallholder farmers and producers in developing countries: an urgent appeal for action by GCARD. Global Conference on Agriculture Research and Development, GCARD 2010, Montpellier, France, 28–31 March 2010.##-       Sydorovych, O; & Wossink, A. (2008). The meaning of agricultural sustainability: Evidence from a conjoint choice survey. Agricultural Systems, 98, 10‐20.##-       USDA-NAL. (U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library). (2007). Sustainable agriculture: definitions and terms. Retrieved September 10 2011, from http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/terms/srb9902.shtml.##-       Van Cauwenbergh, N., Biala, K; Bielders, C; Brouckaert, V; Franchois, L; Cidad,V.G; Hermy, M; Mathijs, E; Muys, B; Reijnders, J; Sauvenier, X; Valckx, J; Vanclooster, M; Van der Veken, B; Wauters, E; & Peeters, A. (2007). SAFE-a hierarchical framework  for assessing the sustainability of agricultural systems. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 120(2–4), 229–242.##

0 چالش‌ها و تنگناهای توسعة پرورش قارچ خوراکی (مطالعة موردی: استان کرمانشاه) Challenges and constraints of developing mushroom Ventures (Case study: Kermanshah Province) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53164.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53164 0 شناخت ابعاد مختلف مسائل، مشکلات، چالش‌ها و تنگناهای فعالیت‌های کشاورزی از جمله پرورش قارچ خوراکی و تلاش برای برنامه‌ریزی و سیاست‌گذاری در راستای حل مسائل، راهبردی مناسب برای توسعة کسب‌وکارهای کشاورزی است. هدف از این پژوهش کیفی، تحلیل چالش‌ها و تنگناهای توسعة پرورش قارچ خوراکی در استان کرمانشاه است. اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق مشاهده و مصاحبة عمیق با پنج واحد فعال پرورش قارچ خوراکی و چهار واحد تقریباً غیرفعال و در معرض ورشکستگی و هفت نفر از کارشناسان اجرایی و آموزشی در زمینة پرورش قارچ خوراکی در سازمان‌های جهاد کشاورزی، فنی‌و‌حرفه‌ای و جهاد دانشگاهی استان جمع‌آوری شد. تکنیک استفاده‌شده در مصاحبه‌ها استفاده از نمونه‌گیری هدفمند بارز و گلولة برفی بوده است. تحلیل محتوای متن مصاحبه‌ها نشان داد چالش‌ها و تنگناهای توسعة پرورش قارچ خوراکی در استان کرمانشاه در قالب دو طبقة انتخابی (مشکلات بخش اجرا و مشکلات بخش فعالان حوزة تولید) و هفت طبقة مفهومی (محوری) قابل گروه‌بندی و تحلیل است. در بخش مشکلات اجرایی، پنج محور استخراجی عبارتند از: ضعف زیرساخت‌های توسعه‌ای، نارسایی‌های حمایتی– سیاستی دولت، مشکلات سازمانی، مشکلات چرخة تولید و مشکلات علمی– پژوهشی. در بخش مشکلات فعالان حوزة تولید نیز دو محور استخراجی شامل مشکلات تولیدکنندگان قارچ و مشکلات تولیدکنندگان کمپوست هستند. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد بیشترین مشکلات، چالش‌ها و تنگناهای توسعة پرورش قارچ خوراکی در استان از نظر مصاحبه‌شوندگان عبارتند از: ضعف تجهیزاتی، حمایت‌نکردن اقتصادی، ناکارآمدی عملکرد بانکی، نارسایی‌های سیستم مدیریتی، نارسایی‌های آموزشی، مشکلات سالن‌های تولید قارچ و مخاطره‌‌‌پذیری بالای تولید. 1 Understanding various aspects of the problems, challenges and constraints of agricultural activities such as mushroom ventures and trying to plan and policy for solving problems are suitable strategies for developing agri– businesses. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explain the challenges and constraints of developing mushroom Venturesin Kermanshah Province. Information were collected by observation and depth interview from five active and almost four inactive production firms by interviewing with seven executive and education experts in the Jihad agricultural organization and vocational- technical organization in Kermanshah Province. Using techniques in interviews was typical cases and snowball sampling. Content analysis of interviews showed challenges and constraints for developing mushroom Ventures in Kermanshah Province instance two major categories (performance problems and mushroom producers problems) and seven conceptual classes. A performance problem including five classes (poor infrastructure development, government failure in policy- protection support, organizational problems, problems in the production cycle and science– research problems). Also, in sector of production there are two classes (mushroom producers problems and producers compost problems). Results showed that according interviews opinion most problems of mushroom Ventures in Kermanshah Province instance: equipment failure, lack of financial support, inefficiencies in the banking, failure of management system, educational deficiencies, problems in mushroom firms rooms and high risk taking in agricultural production. 467 482 فرحناز رستمی Farahnaz Rostami عضو هیئت علمی گروه ترویج و توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه ایران fr304@yahoo.com محمد ادریس اله ویسی Mohamad Edris Alah Vaisi دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه ایران allahvaisi@mialinator.com بیان ریحانی فر Bian Reihani Far دانشجوی کارشناسی ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه ایران reihanifar@mialinator.com استان کرمانشاه تحلیل محتوا قارچ خوراکی کسب‌وکارهای کشاورزی -       APO (2003). Development of Agribusiness Enterprises: Report of the APO seminar on development of Agribusinness enterprise. Indonesia, 20- 24 Novamber, 2000, Edited by Robert Oliver. Tokyo: Asian productivity organization.##-       Asadi, A., Hoseini, M., Abdollahzadeh, Gh., & Ghareghani, A. (2009). Analysis of barrier factors in grren house production (case study: Esfehan Province).Journal of Economic and development research. Vol. 40, No.1, pp 95-105, (In Farsi).##-       Berelson, B. (1992). Contant Analysis in Communication Research. New York.##-       Carson, D., Gilmore, A., & Rocks, S. (2004). SME marketing networking: a strategic approach. Strategic Change. Vol. 13, No.7, pp. 369 – 382.##-       Chang, S.T., & Miles, P.G. (1991). Recent trend in world production of cultivated edible mushroom. The mushroom Journal, 503, 15-18.##-       Clark, J. (2009). Entrepreneurship and diversification on English farm: identifying business enterprise characteristics and change processes. Entrepreneurship and regional Development: An International journal. Vol. 21, No.2, pp. 213 – 236.##-       Cuervo, A. (2005). Individual and environmental determinants of entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. Vol. 1, No.3, pp. 293 – 311.##-       Ehret, D. L., Jolliffe, P. A., & Molnar, J. M. (1989). lighting for greenhouse vegetable production an overview. Canadian, Journal of Plant Science. Vol. 69, No.4, pp. 1309 – 1326.##-       Epstein, D., & Tillack, P. (2002). Classification of agricultural enterprises by their financial standing. Applied Economics Letters. Vol. 9, No.6, pp. 397 – 406.##-       FAO, (2006). The State of Food Insecurity in the World. FAO, Rome, Italy.##-        Ferchak, J.D., & Croucher, J. (1993). Prospect and problem in commercialization of small-scale mushroom production in south and Southeast Asia. Appropriate Technology International Journal, Washington, D.C., USA.##-       GAO (1996). Content Analysis: A Methodology for Structuring and Analyzing Written Material, U.S.General Accounting Office. Program Evaluation and Methodology Division.##-       Hinds, M. C. (1993). A Strike Agitates Mushroom Country. New York Times 142 (49,340), 26 (May23).##-       Livingstone, I. (2000). Agriculture small enterprise development and poverty eradication in Vietnam, Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy. Vol. 5, No.3, pp. 173 – 189.##-       McIntyer, R.J. (1998). the small enterprise and Agricultural initiatives in Bulgaria: institutional invention without reform. Europe – Asia Studies. Vol. 40, No.4, pp. 602 – 615.##-       Mirris, C. (2009). Structure, management and performance characteristics of specialized dairy farm business in the United States, Economic Research Service/USDA.##-       Moradnejadi, H., Shabanali fami, H., Iravani, H., Hoseini, M., & Kafi, M. (2007). Analysis of enterepreneurshiph development barriers in greenhouse units in Iran. Journal of Agricultural science, Vol. 38, No.2, pp. 175 – 184, (In Farsi).##-       Nainggolan, K. (2003). Policies and Programs for promoting the development of agribusiness enterprises, In Development of Agribusiness Enterprises, Report of the APO Seminar on Development of Agribusiness Enterprise, Indonesia, 20 -24 November 2000.##-       Noorbakhsh, M.R. (2007). News network food industry in Iran, branch of fruth and vegetable, 12th of October, (In Farsi).##-       Raheb, J. (2006). News network of food industry in Iran, congress and seminars, 24th of Aban, 2006, (In Farsi).##-       Saleh, A., Saeedi, A., & Yazdani, S. (2008). Factors affecting the profitability of the ¬ mushroom production units (case study: Tehran province). Journal of Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, No. 80, pp 53- 61.##-       Sarris, A. H. (2006). Guidelines for monitoring the impact of structural adjustment programmes on the agricultural sector.  CAB Abstracts. http: //www. Cababstractsplus. Org/abstracts/Abstract. aspx?AcNo =19916710512##-       Sharifzadeh, A., Mahboobi, M., & Arabion, A. (2009). determine of development Agricultural business components in Golestan Province. Journal of Enterepreneurship development, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp 85- 112, (In Farsi).##-       Soubbotina, T. P. (2004). Beyond Economic Growth; An Introduction to sustainable Development, Washington, D.C., The World Bank.##-       Statistical report, desighn and program office in Agricultural Jihad organization Kermanshah province, (2012).##-       Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research; Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques (2nd ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.##-       USAID (United States Agency for International Development) Global Development Alliance. (2004). Tools for Alliance Builders. Washington, D.C.: USAID.##-       Walsh, J.A. (1991). a regional analysis of enterprise substitution in Irish agriculture in the context of a changing common agricultural policy. 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0 آموزش‌های ترویجی و امنیت غذایی خانوارهای کشاورز (مورد مطالعه: شهرستان قروه) Extension education and food security of farmer households (Case study: Qorveh county, Kurdistan Province) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53165.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53165 0 انسان به عنوان رکن اصلی اقتصاد جامعه، نیازهایی دارد که مهم­ترین آن­ها امنیت غذایی و تغذیة سالم است. امنیت غذایی زمانی وجود دارد که همة مردم در تمام ایام به غذای کافی، سالم و مغذی دسترسی فیزیکی و اقتصادی داشته باشند و غذای در دسترس، نیازهای یک رژیم تغذیه‌ای سازگار با ترجیحات آنان را برای یک زندگی فعال و سالم فراهم کند. پژوهش حاضر که با هدف بررسی وضعیت امنیت غذایی خانوارهای کشاورز و نقش عوامل مختلف، به‌ویژه نقش آموزش­های ترویجی بر آن در شهرستان قروه، استان کردستان انجام گرفته است، از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر نحوة گردآوری داده‌ها غیر آزمایشی است. روش تحقیق استفاده‌شده در این پژوهش پیمایشی- توصیفی است. جامعة آماری عبارت است از تمام خانوارهای کشاورز روستاهای شهرستان قروه که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، 198 نفر از آن‌ها به عنوان نمونه انتخاب و بررسی شده‌اند. برای سنجش سطح امنیت غذایی از  مقیاس دسترسی به ناامنی غذایی در خانواده (HFIAS) استفاده شد. این شاخص نُه پرسش دارد و روایی و پایایی آن در مطالعات مختلف به اثبات رسیده است و روشی سریع و آسان برای سنجش امنیت غذایی است و پایایی آن در تحقیق حاضر 95/0 است. در این مطالعه، در کنار آمار توصیفی از تحلیل رگرسیون و تحلیل مسیر استفاده شده است. نتایج بررسی وضعیت امنیت غذایی نشان می‌دهد که تنها 15 درصد خانوارها امنیت کامل غذایی دارند. 5/42 درصد دارای ناامنی غذایی در سطح کم، 5/31 درصد دارای ناامنی متوسط و 11 درصد دارای ناامنی شدید غذایی‌اند. نتایج رگرسیون نشان داد پنج متغیر آگاهی تغذیه‌ای، مشارکت زنان، کلاس‌های ترویج، توان اقتصادی و تعداد افراد تحت تکفل تأثیر بیشتری بر تأمین امنیت غذایی خانوار دارند. 1 Food security means that all people at all times have access to sufficient food, healthy and nutritious. Food security is a necessity for rural development. The main purpose of this study is survey of the role of extension education on food security of farmer households in Qorveh county (Kurdistan province). The research is an applied type in which descriptive method has been employed. Population of the research consisted of the farmer households in 2013, 198 of whom were selected as a sample through random sampling. To assess the level of food security HFIAS index was used. This index was 9 questions in validity and reliability has been proven in various studies. In addition to descriptive statistics, regression analysis and path analysis were used. The food security situation in survey results show that only 15% of households are food safe. 42.5 with low levels of food insecurity, 31.5 medium security and 11% are severely food insecure. Regression results showed that five variables, nutritional awareness, women's participation, grade promotion, economic strength and number of dependents have the greatest impact household food security.   483 499 حشمت اله سعدی Heshmatollah Saadi دانشیار دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا ایران hsaadi48@yahoo.com مینو عزیزی Minoo Azizi کارشناس ارشد ترویج کشاورزی و توسعة روستایی ایران minoazizi21@yahoo.com موسی اعظمی Mousa Azami استادیار دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا ایران aazami@ut.ac.ir آموزش آموزش‌های ترویجی امنیت غذایی Alizadeh, K. & Hataminezhad, H. (2011) "The effect of economic conditions on Food Security in Rural Areas (Case Study: Lower Village of the provincial city of Mashhad RAZAVIEH)", Journal of Sepehr twenty-first, Eighty-Second Issue, pp. 88-85.(In Farsi).##Andersen, B. & P.L. Rajul (1995)."Prospects for future world food security". International Rural Development Centre(IRDC).p:4-9##Ansari, B. & Mir Damad, SM. 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0 شناسایی و تحلیل موانع مشارکت اقتصادی زنان در مناطق روستایی استان زنجان (مطالعة موردی: دهستان ابهررود) Identifying and analyzing the barriers in women’s economic participation in the rural regions of the Zanjan Province (Case study: Abhar- Rod Rural District) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53166.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53166 0 تحقیق حاضر با هدف شناسایی و تحلیل موانع مشارکت اقتصادی زنان در مناطق روستایی استان زنجان صورت پذیرفت. به لحاظ روش پژوهش، این تحقیق از نوع تحقیقات تحلیلی- تبیینی است. جامعة آماری تحقیق را تمامی زنان روستایی دهستان ابهررود تشکیل می‌دهند (1300N=) که بر اساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان، تعداد 300 نفر از آنان از طریق روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه استفاده شد. روایی پرسشنامه با نظر پانلی از کارشناسان و متخصصان تأیید شد. برای تعیین پایایی ابزار تحقیق، پیش‌آزمون انجام گرفت که مقدار آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه‌شده برای مقیاس‌های اصلی پرسشنامه در حد مناسب (بالاتر از 75/0) بود. نتایج آمار توصیفی نشان داد که بیشترین مشارکت اقتصادی زنان روستایی در این مطالعه‌ به ترتیب اولویت در سه زمینة «کشاورزی (شامل مشارکت در فعالیت‌های زراعی و باغی)»، «نگهداری و پرورش دام و طیور» و «فراوری و فروش محصولات خانگی (مانند ماست، کشک، ترشی، مربا و غیره)» بود. یافته‌های تحلیل عاملی بیانگر آن بود که 76/67 درصد از واریانس کل موانع مشارکت اقتصادی زنان روستایی در دهستان ابهررود را چهار عامل اجتماعی- فرهنگی، ساختاری- نهادی، فردی- روان‌شناختی و حرفه‌ای تبیین می‌کنند. 1 The main purpose of this survey was to identify and analyze the barriers in women’s economic participation in the rural regions of the Zanjan Province. The study was an analytical- explanatory research regarding its method. The statistical population of the study were consisted of all the rural women in the Abhar-Rod rural district (N= 1300). According to the Krejcie and Morgan table, a sample size of 300 was selected using a stratified random sampling technique (n=300). A questionnaire was used to collect the data. A panel of experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted to establish the reliability of the instrument. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient for the main scales of the questionnaire was higher than 0.75. The descriptive results showed that the highest level of rural women’s economic participation was in the three fields of: agriculture (including participation in farming and horticultural activities), keeping and breeding livestock and poultry, and processing and sales of household products (such as yogurt, curd, pickle, jam and etc.), respectively. The results of the factor analysis revealed that four factors namely, social- cultural, structural- institutional, personal- psychological and professional explained 67.76% of total variances of the barriers to rural women’s economic participation. 501 510 روح اله رضایی Rohollah Rezaei دانشیار، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان ایران r_rezaei@znu.ac.ir الهام ودادی Elham Vedadi دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان ایران vedadi@mailinator.com استان زنجان دهستان ابهررود زنان روستایی مشارکت اقتصادی Al- Agha, F. (2004). Identifying the salaried occupations for rural women and determining the appropriate educational needs and skills for it. Journal of Women Research, 3 (1), 147- 169. (In Farsi) ##Bhuimail, A. & Sampa, P. (2005). Development of rural women through education and empowerment. Delhi, Abhijeet Pub. Brock, Colin; Cammish, Nadine.##Dadvarkhani, F. (2006). Rural development and challenges of employment of women. Journal of Geographical Studies, 38 (55), 171- 188. 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The methods of rural women empowerment in the Sistan and Baluchestan county and its effect on entrepreneurship. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Industrial University of Sharif, Isfahan. (In Farsi)  ##Tymon, W. & Stumpf, S. (2003). Social capital in the success of knowledge workers. Journal of Career Development International, 8 (1), 12- 20.##

0 تأثیر روش‌‌ تدریس سازاگرا بر یادگیری دانشجویان کشاورزی در درس هوا و اقلیم‌شناسی The effect of Constructivist teaching method on learning of metrology and climatology of agricultural students https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53167.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53167 0 امروزه روش‌های تدریس نوین اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارند، زیرا بر بهبود یادگیری و به تبع آن توانایی در حل مسئله، خلاقیت و اشتغال‌پذیری دانشجویان کشاورزی مؤثرند؛ بنابراین مطالعة مذکور تأثیر روش ‌تدریس سازاگرا بر یادگیری دانشجویان کشاورزی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران را بررسی کرده است. مطالعه در درس هوا و اقلیم‌شناسی در یک نیمسال انجام گرفت. تعداد 75 دانشجوی ثبت‌نام‌کرده در درس مذکور به گروه‌های کنترل و آزمایش منتسب شدند. در گروه آزمایش از روش تدریس سازاگرا و در گروه کنترل از روش تدریس متعارف استفاده شد. در مجموع، مطالعه به مدت 20 ساعت در بیش از 12 هفته اجرا شد. ابزار استفاده‌شده برای سنجش یادگیری در سطوح بالاتر و پایین‌تر تفکر، آزمون‌های میان‌نیمسال و پایان‌نیمسال با استفاده از پرسش‌های بازپاسخ (آزادپاسخ) بود. روایی محتوایی آزمون‌های مذکور توسط مدرسان مختلف درس هوا و اقلیم‌شناسی تأیید شد. برای تعیین پایایی از روش پایایی مصححان مبتنی بر شیوة چارچوب نمره‌گذاری استفاده شد که مقدار آن برای آزمون‌های میان‌نیمسال و پایان‌نیمسال به ترتیب 997/0 و 991/0 برآورد شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد که روش‌های تدریس مذکور بر نمره‌های کلی پایان نیمسال تحصیلی دانشجویان مطالعه‌شده اثر داشته است. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که بین دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل در یادگیری آن‌ها به تفکیک آزمون‌های میان‌نیمسال و پایان‌نیمسال و سطوح پایین‌تر و بالاتر تفکر هیچ‌گونه تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشده است. 1 Because of implications for improving agricultural students’ learning and finally problem solving, creativity and employability, nowadays the modern teaching methods are a matter of great concern. Therefore, this study explored the effect of teaching methods on learning of agricultural students in Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran. The study was carried out during a semester for metrology and climatology course. 75 students enrolled in the course were assigned to treatment and control groups. The experimental group was tough using the constructivist teaching method while the control group was taught using the traditional teaching method. Experiment was implemented for total of 20 hours over 12 weeks. The instruments used for measurement of learning in higher levels thinking and lower levels thinking were as follows, mid-term and final- term tests applying open-ended (free response) questions. The content validity of the tests was approved by several of teachers of metrology and climatology. The reliability of tests was measured through the examiners reliability based on scoring rubric method which respectively calculated as 0.997 and 0.991 for mid-term and final exams. The covariance analysis results revealed that the teaching methods had effect on total grades of the students at the semester. A further exploring of findings showed that there was no significant difference in the learning of two groups when it was separated based on levels of thinking and also when it was separated based on the mid-terms and final- term tests. 511 519 یوسف حجازی Yusef Hedjazi استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران ایران yhejazi@ut.ac.ir فاطمه شفیعی Fatemeh Shafiee دانشجوی دکتری آموزش کشاورزی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران ایران f.shafiee@sanru.ac.ir احمد رضوانفر Ahmad Rezvanfar استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران ایران arezvan@ut.ac.ir سید حمید موحد محمدی Seyyed Hamid Movahed Mohammadi دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران ایران movahed@mailinator.com جواد بذرافشان Javad Bazrafshan استادیار گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران ایران bazrafshan@mailinator.com آموزش عالی کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران متعارف Akman, A.H., & Mugan, C.S.(2010).An assessment of the effects of teaching methods on academic performance of student in accounting courses. 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0 بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر تمایل کشاورزان به کشت محصول ارگانیک در میان گوجه‌فرنگی‌‌کاران استان البرز The factors affecting the willingness to produce organic products: (Case study: Tomato producer in Alborz Province) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53168.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53168 0 این مطالعه به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر تمایل گوجه‌فرنگی‌کاران به کشت محصول ارگانیک در سال زراعی 1389- 1390 در استان البرز پرداخته است. برای این منظور، از تحلیل توصیفی و مدل اقتصادسنجی لاجیت استفاده شده است. بر اساس نتایج تحلیل توصیفی، از میان 90 نفر از پاسخگویان، 2/42 درصد به تبدیل‌شدن به کشاورزی ارگانیک تمایل مثبت نشان دادند. نتایج مدل اقتصادسنجی لاجیت نشان می‌دهد که متغیرهای سابقة کشت، میزان سواد، رعایت اصول بهداشتی، نگرش مثبت به محیط زیست رابطة مثبت و معنی‌دار و متغیرهای میزان سن، میزان مصرف کود و سموم شیمیایی رابطة منفی و معنی‌دار با تمایل به کشت ارگانیک داشته است. 1 The paper aimed to assess the factors affecting the willingness of tomato producer to produce organic products in Alborz province in crop year 2010-11. The collected data was analysis by descriptive analysis and Logit econometrics model. The results of descriptive analysis showed among 90 respondents, 42.2% willing for conversion to organic agriculture.  The results of Logit model estimation indicate that experience, education, hygienic elements regard, positive attitudes to environment had positive and significance relationship, and age, chemical fertilizer and pesticides negative and significance effect on willingness for organic cultivation and production. 521 528 محسن شوکت فدایی Mohsen Shokat fadaei دانشیار اقتصاد کشاورزی و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه پیام نور تهران ایران mshf@ymail.com محمد خالدی Mohammad Khaledi استادیار اقتصاد کشاورزی و عضو هیئت علمی مؤسسة پژوهشهای برنامهریزی، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعة روستایی ایران mkhaledi1352@gmail.com الهام صادقی Elham Sadeghi کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد کشاوری دانشگاه پیام نور تهران ایران es.sadeghi124@yahoo.com استان البرز کشاورزی ارگانیک گوجه‌فرنگی -        Acs, S. (2006). Bio-economic modelling of conversion from conventional to organic farming. Ph.D. dissertation, Wageningen University, The Netherlands##-        Anderson. J., Desmond, J. &. Green, R. (2005).Determinants of  farmers  adoption of organic production methods in the fresh-market produce sector in California ,a logistic regression analysis, paper provided by western agriculture economics association. july6-8  2005, Sanfrancisco, California,US.##-        Arabion, A. (2008). Identification and Designing a Model for sustainable Development of Wheat Cropping System in Fars Province. Ph.D. dissertation, University of of Tehran, Iran .(In Farsi)##-        De Cock, L, (2005). Determinants of organic farming conversion. Proceedings of   International Congress of the EAAE.(European Association of Agricultural Economists), 23-27 August 2005.: The Future of Rural Europe in the Global Agri-Food System, Copenhagen, Denmark.##-        Dehghanian, S., Koochaki, A. &  Kolahi ahar, A. (1996) Ecologic Economics and organic Agricultural Economics, Mashhad Jahade Daneshghahi Press,Mashhad.Iran (In Farsi)##-        Gujarati D. (2002) Basic Econometrics , Tehran University Press, Tehran.(In Farsi)##-        Khaledi, M.,Weseen, S., Sawyer, E., Ferguson, S., & Gray, R.  (2010). Factors Influencing Partial and Complete Adoption of Organic Farming Practices in Saskatchewan, Canada. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 58(1),37-56.##-        Lohr,  L., Salomonson, L. (2000). Conversion subsidies for organic production: results from Sweden and lessons for the United States. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 22, 133-146.##-        López,  C.P., Requena, J.C.,  & T.H., Giménez. (2005).  Knowledge and adoption of organic agriculture: Diffusion over time among Andalusian olive farmers. Proceedings of  the XIth Congress of the EAAE. (European Association of Agricultural Economists), 23-27 August 2005.: The Future of Rural Europe in the Global Agri-Food System, Copenhagen, Denmark.##-        Mafi.H., Saleh,I.(2009). Estimates ofwillingness to payfor organic products: A Case Study vegetableproduction andcucumber inTehran and Gilanprovinces. the sixth Conference of agricultural economy of Iran, Karaj, Iranian Agricultural Economics Society, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University,##-        Maghsoodi, T. (2005). An investigation of situation of potato cultivation sustainability in Ferydonshahr County. Msc. dissertation, University of of Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi)##-        Mahmoodi, H., Mahdavi damghani, A. & Liaghati, H. (2008) An Introduction to Organic Agriculture, Mashhad Jahade Daneshghahi Press, Mashhad.(In Farsi)##-        Nasr isfahani, A. mirfendereski, S. (2005). Organic Agriculture Status Survey in  World and Iran, ministry  of Agriculture , Department of Planning and Economics, Planning and Agricultural Economics  Research Institute.(In Farsi)##-        Organic Agriculture Worldwide Key results from the global on survey organic agriculture, Report published by FIBLand IFOAM Retrieved May25 2011, fromhttp://www.organic-world.net/.../fibl-ifoam-survey-data-2009-global-data##-         Salami, H., Khaledi, M. (2001). Influence of Biological Control Technology in Rice Stem Borer Pest in use of pesticides; case study Mazandaran Province. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, (33):247. (In Farsi)##-        Salami, H., Khaledi, M. (2001). Influence of Biological Control Technology in Rice Stem Borer Pest in use of pesticides; case study Mazandaran Province. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, (33):247. (In Farsi)##-        Shokat fadaei, M., khaleli, m. (2005) Research methods in Agricultural Economics, Payamnoor university Press, Tehran.Iran.(In Farsi)##-        Sholubi, Y O., Stonehouse, D.P., & Clark, E. A. (1997).  Profile of organic dairy farming in Ontario. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 13(3),133-139.##-        Soleimani, A.,(2010). effective Factors in  sustainable agriculture Adoption of  Anbarabad County Wheat grower, Proceedings of The First National Conference  on Sustainable Agriculture and Healthy Product,19-20Aban 2010, Isfahan,Iran.(In Farsi)  ##-        Wallace J.(2005) Organic Field Crop Handbook, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press,Mashhad.(In Farsi)  ##-        Willer H. (2011). Organic Agriculture Worldwide Key results from the global on survey organic agriculture, Report published by FIBLand IFOAM,  Retrieved  2011, from http://www.fibl.org/fileadmin/documents/en/news/2011/willer-   2011-biofach-world-of-organic.pdf##

0 اثر توسعة بازارهای مالی بر توسعة بخش کشاورزی در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد Impact of financial market extension on agricultural sector’s development of Kohgilouye & BoyerAhmad province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53169.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53169 0 بازارهای مالی به سبب نقش اساسی در گردآوری منابع از طریق پس‌اندازهای کوچک و بزرگ موجود در اقتصاد ملی، بهینه‌سازی گردش منابع مالی و هدایت آن‌ها به سوی مصارف و نیازهای سرمایه‌گذاری در بخش‌های مولد اقتصادی مورد توجه‌اند. با توجه به خصوصیت منحصربه‌فرد بخش کشاورزی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد و گسترش و توسعة بازارهای مالی در این استان، مطالعة حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر توسعة بازارهای مالی بر توسعة بخش کشاورزی در این استان و با بهره‌گیری از الگوی VAR صورت گرفته است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد اثر توسعة بازارهای مالی بر توسعة بخش کشاورزی مثبت است و متغیرهای بازار مالی تأثیر شایان توجهی در تغییرات آن دارند؛ بنابراین گسترش بازارهای مالی این استان از طریق توسعة اعتبارات بانکی و توانمندساختن بورس محصولات کشاورزی گامی مؤثر در توسعة بخش کشاورزی است. 1 Financial markets are considered because of their role in acquiring small and large savings of national economy, optimizing the flow of financial resources and distributing these resources to consumption and investment needs of economic sectors. The aim of this study was investigating the influence of financial market extension on agriculturalsector’s development of Kohgilouye and Boyer Ahmad province using VAR. The results of this study showed the effect of financial markets on agriculturalsector’s development is positive. Therefore, extending the financial markets of this province through the extension of bank credits and establishment of agricultural commodity exchange has undeniable effect on agricultural development. 529 535 یعقوب انصاری Yaghoob Ansari دکتری مدیریت کسب وکار، دانشگاه آگراریان ارمنستان ایران ansari@mailinator.com سید علی حسینی یکانی Seyed Ali Hosseini Yekani استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری ایران hosseiniyekani@gmail.com بخش کشاورزی توسعة بازارهای مالی مدل VAR 1)      Ansari, Y., Hosseini-Yekani. S.A. and Mahdavinia, S. H. (2012). Development of agricultural sector through an increase in investment and relying on credit & finance firms from the viewpoint of credit & finance experts and farmers of Kohgiluye & Boyer Ahmad province, life science journal, 9(3): 1933- 1941.##2)  Enders, Walter.(1995). Applied Econometric Time Series, John Wiley & Sons, Inc; USA.##3)      Felahati, A., Soheili, K. and Nouri, F. (2010). The inflation effect on performance of financial markets in Iran, Journal of economic researches, 12, 133-163. (In Farsi)##4)      Gujarati, D. (1998). Basic Econometrics, Abrishami, H. (trans), Tehran University Press, Tehran. (In Farsi)##5)  Howells, p., Soliman, A. (2003). Endogenous Growth Models and Stock Market Development: Evidence from Four Countries.##6)      Jahangard, E. and Ali Asghari, S. (2011), Financial development effects on monetary policy efficiency in developed and developing countries, Quarterly Journal of Economic Modeling, 4, 147-169. 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(2012), The analysis and rating of exchange based participation securities in secondary markets, Journal of Economic Essays, 9(17), 139-166. (In Farsi)##13)  Noferesti, M. (2006). Econometrics and Unit root. Rasa Press. 211pp. (In Farsi)##14)  Parivash, Gh. and Torkamani, J. (2007). Effect of developing financial markets on agricultural growth, 6th IAES conference, University of Mashhad, Iran, 30-31 October. (In Farsi)##15)  Sadrosky, P. (2010). The Impact of Financial Development on Energy Consumption in Emerging Economics, Energy Policy.##16)  Samadi, S, Nasrollahi, Kh, and Karamalyan Sichanii, M. (2007). The relationship between financial development and economic growth, Journal of Economic Research, 3, 1-16. (In Farsi)##17)  Sims, C.A. (1980). Macroeconomics and Reality. Econometrica, 1-48.##18)  Shahbaz, M., Lean, H. (2012). Does Financial Development Increase Energy Consumption? The Role of Industrialization and Urbanization in Tunisia, Energy Policy, Vol. 40, PP. 473-479.##19)  Shirin Bakhsh, Sh. and Khansari, Z. (2005). Application of Eviews in Econometrics, Institution of Econometrics Research, Tehran. (In Farsi)##20)  Soheili, K. (2002). Comparative effects of energy demand models, Research Magazine of Imam Sadegh University, (15): 111-139. (In Farsi)##

0 تحلیل مؤلفه‌های بازدارنده در توسعة واحدهای گلخانه‌ای در استان سیستان‌وبلوچستان An Analysis of deterrent factors in horticultural greenhouse units development in Sistan & Baluchestan Province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53170.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53170 0    این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل مؤلفه‌های بازدارنده در توسعة واحدهای گلخانه‌ای در استان سیستان‌وبلوچستان و در چارچوب پژوهش‌های پیمایشی انجام گرفته است. جامعة آماری این تحقیق را گلخانه‌داران استان سیستان‌وبلوچستان (718N=) تشکیل دادند و نمونة مطالعه‌شده براساس فرمول کوکران، 188 نفر تعیین شد که در دو مرحله در ابتدا با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری انتسابی متناسب و سپس با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب و مطالعه شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه‌ای بوده که پایایی و روایی محتوایی آن با استفاده از ضریب کرونباخ آلفا (87/0) و نظرخواهی از کارشناسان و متخصصان مرتبط با موضوع تأیید شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخة 15 صورت پذیرفت. نتایج تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که عوامل اعتباری و قوانین و مقررات حقوقی از جمله مهم‌ترین عوامل بازدارنده در توسعة واحدهای گلخانه‌ای بوده‌اند که در مجموع 55/55 درصد واریانس را تبیین کرده‌اند. 1 The purpose of this research was to analyze deterrent factors in horticultural greenhouse units development in Sistan and Baluchestan Province (N=718). A survey method of research has been employed. The statistical population was the greenhouse’s Sistan and Baluchestan province. Based on Cochran's formula, 188 greenhouse units were selected as sample. The instrument of research was a questionnaire, developed as based on background of the subject. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was a calculated equal to 0.87 indicating the reliability appropriateness of the questionnaire. Also, content and face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on expert’s opinion. Analysis of data has been done with the use of SPSS software. Findings of the research indicated that finance and legal factors were the most important deterrent factors in development of horticulture greenhouse units could explain 55.55% of the variation in dependent variable. 537 544 زهرا خوشنودی فر Zahra Khoshnodi far عضو هیئتعلمی (مربی) مجتمع آموزش عالی سراوان، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی ایران khoshnodifz@gmail.com سید ابوالقاسم برآبادی Seyyed Abolghasem Barabadi عضو هیئت علمی (مربی) مجتمع آموزش عالی سراوان، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی ایران barabadi@mailinator.com مستانه غنجی Mastaneh Ghonji دانشجوی دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ایران ghonji@mailinator.com تحلیل مؤلفه‌ها توسعة واحدهای گلخانه‌ای عوامل بازدارنده Asadi, A., Hosseini, S. M., Abdollahzadeh, G., & Gharaghani, O. (2008).An Analysis of Deterrent Factors in Horticultural Greenhouse Units Development. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research. 40(1). (In Farsi)##Barzegar, R., & Allahyari, J. (2005). Assessing greenhouse of Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari province. 1st Congress, in: proceeding of study on Greenhouse Cultivation problems and challenges. Management and planning organization of Esfahan province. Esfahan. (In Farsi) ##Behnia, A., & Arvandi, S. (2005). Assessment of problems and problems of Khuzestan province Greenhouse. Proceeding of the first study on greenhouse cultivation problems and challenges.Management and planning organization of Esfahan province. Esfahan.(In Farsi) ##BromFild, R. (2003). Enhancing Greenhouse profitability through improved Equipment purchasing. University of Rutgers press.##Esna Ashari. M., & Zokayi Khosroshahi, M. (2008). Physiology and technology post harvest. Abuali sina university press. 298. (1th Ed). (In Farsi) ##Ghonji, M. & Khoshnodifar, Z. & Iravani, H. (2010).An Analysis of Deterrent Factors in Horticultural Greenhouse Units Development: A Case Study in the City of Varamin.  Agricultural extension and education research Journal. 3(3). Autumn. 83-93. (In Farsi) ##Hakimi, M. (1994). Report of revenue organization congress in Asia. Planning and economic agricultural center. Jihad agriculture ministry. Tehran. www.annualreviews.org. (In Farsi) ##Hall, C. H. (2003). Issues affecting profitability of the nursery and greenhouse industry. University of Tennessee press.##10.    Harkess, R. (2003). Enhancing greenhouse profitability through improvedmaterials handling and distribution. University of Delaware press. Retrievedfrom http://www.nraes.org/nra_order.taf?_function=detail&pr_id=22/## Heravi, A. (2005). Study on establishment costs of cucumber greenhouse production. First congress, in: proceeding of study on greenhouse Cultivation problems and challenges. Management and planning organization of Esfahan province. Esfahan. (In Farsi)    ## Kalantari, k. (2001). Local development planning (thesis and techniques). Khoshbin press. (2th Ed). (In Farsi)## Lais, N., Chizari, M., & Nareri Mahdii, K. (2010). Entrepreneurship effect on the economy Greenhouse in west Azarbaijan province. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture journal. 1(3). Autumn.  (In Farsi)  ## Moradnejadi, H., Irvani, H., Shabanali Fami, H., Hosseini, S. M., & Kafi, M. (2008). An analysis of environmental factors influencing the success of entrepreneurs in horticultural greenhouse enterprises in Iran. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. Agricultural Economics & Development. (39-2). No. 1, 19-25. (In Farsi) ## Pahra, Literary, artistic and cultural Blog. (2011). Need to develop agricultural greenhouse in Sistan & Baluchestan province. Retrieved July 19, 2011, from http://www.pahra1390.blogsky.com/1390/04/19/post-3248. (In Farsi)## Roosta , K., Abadee Khah, M., Bakhshi, M. (2011).  Economic evaluation of greenhouse cucumber production units in Birgand Township. Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture. 7: 9-17. (In Farsi) ##Safely, C. (2003). Development of greenhouse and enhancing greenhouseprofitability through improved marketing planning. North Carolina, State University.##Samari, D., Soltani, SH., & Hosseininia, G. (2008). Feasibility of promoting greenhouse cultivation among rural women in Varamin. Agricultural extension and economic Journal, 1(1). Spring. (In Farsi)##Barzegar, R.  & Allahyari, J. (2005). Assessing greenhouse of Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari province.1st Congress, in: proceeding of study on Greenhouse Cultivation problems and challenges. Management and planning organization of Isfahan province. Isfahan. (In Farsi)## Hassani, S., Fazel Ashrafee, S. (2007).Suitable seedbed conditions and problems of cereal in greenhouse environments. The first technical workshop on improving water use efficiency and greenhouse crops Kerman: 12-25. (In Farsi) ## Rahmani, H., Nouraki, F., & Baradaran, M. (2012). Assessment of factors affecting the management of vegetables greenhouse in Khouzestan province. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture. 10:89-99. (In Farsi) ##Sabetee gavkani, M. (2007). Difficulties of greenhouses and consistently appropriate. Moravej Journal. 80:3-6. (In Farsi) ##Sajadi Nasab, S. (2004). Factors affecting profitability strawberry crop in Village in the city of Sanandaj. Farm Management MSc Thesis, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University. (In Farsi) ##Sharifee, A. (2008). Optimal utilization of soil and water resources development in greenhouse grown (vegetables and jat), Journal of Animal, culture and industry. 105: 59-60. (In Farsi) ##

0 کاربرد مدل‌های سیستمی در تحلیل تقاضای کالاهای خوراکی در ایران Analyzing food demand in Iran: Application of demand system models https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53171.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53171 0       در این تحقیق، رفتار مصرفی خانوارهای شهری کل کشور برای هشت گروه اصلی کالاهای خوراکی تحلیل شد که شامل غلات و فراورده‌های آن، انواع گوشت، شیر و فراورده‌های آن و تخم‌مرغ، میوه و سبزی‌ها، روغن‌ها و کره، نوشیدنی‌ها، حبوبات و خشکبار هستند. برای نیل به این هدف با استفاده از داده‌های سری زمانی مربوط به سال 1353- 1386 انواع سیستم‌های انعطاف‌پذیر تقاضا مانند سیستم تقاضای مخارج درجه دوم، سیستم تقاضای روتردام، سیستم تقاضای تقریباً ایده‌آل، سیستم تقاضای تقریباً ایده‌آل درجه دوم، سیستم تقاضای معکوس تقریباً ایده‌آل و یک سیستم هیبرید تقاضاCBS  با استفاده از روش رگرسیون‌های به ظاهر نامرتبط برآورد شدند که با مقایسة آن‌ها از طریق آزمون‌های آماری و معیارهای اقتصادسنجی، سیستم تقاضای تقریباً ایده‌آل معکوس به عنوان مدل برتر انتخاب شد. نتایج نشان داد که در میان اقلام غذایی، لبنیات کمترین و گوشت بیشترین کشش‌های مقداری را دارند و کشش مقیاس گوشت و خشکبار از سایر گروه‌ها پایین‌تر بوده که بیانگر لوکس‌بودن این کالاهاست. همچنین، نتایج بیان‌کنندة این است که گوشت با غلات و شیر با دیگر آشامیدنی‌ها رابطة جانشینی و غلات با خشکبار و روغن رابطة مکملی دارد. 1 In this study the consumption behavior of Iranian urban households is analyzed for the eight main food commodities groups including cereal and its products, meat, milk and its products and eggs, fruits and vegetables, edible oils and butter, beverages, grains and nuts over 1974-2007. In this context, the flexible demand models such as Quadratic Expenditure, Rotterdam, Almost Ideal Demand System, Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System, Inverse Almost Ideal Demand System (IADS) and CBS were estimated by seemingly unrelated regressions. Based on comparing the statistical tests and econometric criteria, the IADS was selected as the best model. Results showed that among the food items, dairly and meat have the least and highest quantity elasticity, respectively. The scale elasticities of meat and nuts were lower than those of other groups, which suggest that these goods are being luxurious. The results imply that there is a substitute relationship between meat and cereal, and also milk and other beverages. Furthermore, cereal has a complementary relationship with nut and oil. 545 554 جواد حسین زاد Javad Hosseinzad دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز ایران j_firoozy@yahoo.com فاطمه سهرابی اطهر Fateme Sohrabi Athar کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه ت بریز ایران sohrabi@mailinator.com قادر دشتی Ghader Dashti دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز ایران dashti@mialiinator.com محمد قهرمانزاده Mohamad Ghahremen Zade دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز ایران ghahremanzade@mialinator.com سیستم‌های تقاضا سیستم تقاضای تقریباً ایده‌آل معکوس کشش‌های مقداری گروه‌های اصلی کالاهای خوراکی Alemo, Z. G. (2006).Choosing Between the AIDS and Rotterdam models: A Meat Demand Analysis Case Study, American Journal of Agricultural Economic, 45:158- 172.##Anderson, R. (1980). Some Theory of Inverse Demand for Applied Demand Analysis, European Economic Review, 14:281-290.##Bank, J., Blundell, R. & Lewbel, A. (1997). Quadratic Engel Curves and Consumer Demand, Review of Economics and Statistic, 79:527-539.##Barten, A.P. (1964). Consumer Demand Functions Under Conditions of Almost Additive Preferences, Econometrica, 32:1-38.##Christensen, L.R., Jorgenson, D.W. & Lau l, j. (1975). Transendental Logaritmic Utility Functions, American Economic Review, 65:367-383.##Christiane, S. and Foster, K. (2004). The Impact of Health Information and Demographic Changes on Aggregate Meat Demand, Journal Agricultural Economics, 43:178-200.##Deaton, A.S. & Muellbar, J. (1980). Economics and Consumer Behavior, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 32:246-260.##Driel, H. and Zeelenberg, K., (1997). The Demand for Food in the United States and the Netherlands: A System Approach with the CBS Model, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 12: 509-532.##Eales, j. & Unnevehr, L. (1994).The Inverse Almost Ideal Demand System, Europan Economic Review, 35:101-115.##Falsafian, A.  Bakhshoodeh, M. and Zebaei M. (2007). Estimating Meat Demand in Iran with Considering Separability Application of Generalized Ordinary Differential Demand System. Agricultural Sciences and Technology Journal, Vol.(20), NO.(4): 61-74. (In Farsi).##Fox, K. (1958). Econometric Analysis of Public Policy: Iowa State University Press.##Geoffry, M. & Clauson, A. (2005). Demand for Non- Alcoholic Beverages: Evidence From the Acnielsen Home Scan Panel, American Agricultural Economics, 44:159-170##Greene, B. & Kennedy, P. (1990). A guide to econometrics, MIT Press, Cambridge.## Hahn, W.F. (1994). Elasticity is AIDS model: Comment, American Journal of Agricultural Economic, 76:972-977.##Hashemi, A. (1987). Estimation and forecasting demand for wheat. research project the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Economy and Rural Research Center. (In Farsi).##Hashemi, A. & Khosravi Nejad, A. (1995). System of urban households demand patterns expenditure in Iran. Iranian Journal of Economics. Economic and Political Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, 4. (In Farsi).##Kalantari, A. & Khadem, N. (1997). Nutrition reform policy. Institute for Business Studies and Research. (In Farsi).##Keller, W. & Driel, V. (1985). Differential Consumer Demand System, European Economic Review, 27: 375-390.##Lee, J., Brawn, M.G. & Seale, J.L. (1990). Model Choice Consumer Analysis in Taiwan: 1970-1989, American Journal of Agricultural Economic, 76:504-512.##Leser, C.E.V. (1941). Family budget data and price-elasticities of demand,Review of Economic Studies, 9, 40-57.##Lewbel, A. (1985), A Unified Approach to Incorporating Demographic or Other Effects into Demand system, Review of Economic Studies, 70:1-18.##Mojaver Hosseini, F. (2007). Estimates of income and price elasticity for food groups using almost ideal demand system. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics & Development.57. (In Farsi).##Moschini, g. & Vissa, A. (1992). A Linear Inverse Demand System, Journal of Agriculture and Research Economics, 17: 294-302.##Pollak, A. & Wales, T. (1978). Estimation of Complete Demand Systems from Household Budget Data: the linear and Quadratic Expenditure Demand Systems, American Economic Review, 38: 248-359.##Steen, M. (2006). Flower Power at The Dutch Flower Auctions? Application of an Inverse Almost Ideal Demand System, International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, August12-18, 2006.##ُStone, J. (1954). Linear Expenditure System and Demand Analysis: an Application to the Pattern of Britsh Demand, The Economic Journal, 45:982-1001.##Theil, H., 1965, The Information Approach to Demand Analysis, Econometrica, 37:265-270.##Yong, T. (1990). An Inverse Demand System for U.S. Composite Foods: A Comment American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 72: 237-238.##

0 بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت‌های مردمی در طرح‌های عمران روستایی Factors influencing people participation in rural reclamations plans https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53172.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53172 0 هدف این تحقیق، بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت‌های مردمی در طرح‌های عمران روستایی است. این تحقیق از نوع توصیفی- همبستگی است و گردآوری اطلاعات با استفاده از پرسشنامه انجام گرفته است. جامعة آماری تحقیق شامل 3400 فرد روستایی شهرستان هویزه بوده است که 246 نفر از آن‌ها با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. ابزار تحقیق برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه‌ای بود که از لحاظ روایی با نظرخواهی از تعدادی از کارشناسان محلی شهرستان هویزه و استادان دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران تأیید شد. برای تعیین پایایی پرسشنامه نیز از روش آزمون مقدماتی استفاده شد که آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه‌شده برای متغیر مشارکت در طرح‌های عمران روستایی برابر 94/0 به دست آمد و مبین پایایی عالی بود. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از برنامة نرم‌افزاری SPSS نسخة 5/11 انجام گرفته است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که تحصیلات، میزان استفاده از رسانه‌ها، مشارکت اجتماعی، انسجام اجتماعی و رضایت از طرح‌های عمرانی دارای رابطة مثبت و معنی‌داری با مشارکت در طرح‌های عمرانی بودند. در حالی‌ که سن دارای رابطة منفی و معنی‌داری با مشارکت در طرح‌های عمرانی بود. نتایج تحلیل مسیر بیانگر آن بود که متغیر مشارکت اجتماعی دارای بیشترین تأثیر بر مشارکت در طرح‌های عمرانی توسط روستاییان است. 1 The purpose of this study was to determine factors influencing people participation in rural reclamations plans.The research method was descriptive-correlation and data collected using questionnaire. Statistical population of the research comprised 3400 villagers at Hoveize County. 246 members was randomly selected using Cochran formula and applying random sampling method. Validity of the instrument determined by opinions of some local experts of Hoveize County and professors at faculty of agricultural economics and development, University of Tehran, and reliability determined by Cronbach’s alpha. Cronbach’s alpha for the variable participation in rural reclamations plans was 0.94, showed excellent reliability. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 11.5. The findings showed that there was a significant and positive correlation between participation in reclamations plansand variables including educational level use of mass media, social participation, social solidarity, and satisfaction of past reclamations plans. In contrast, age and participation in reclamations plans were correlated negatively and positively. The finding of path analysis revealed that social participation has the most effect on Villagers’ participation in reclamations plans. 555 564 مریم مورج Maryam Movarej دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد ترویج کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران movarej@mailinator.com مهتاب پوراتشی Mahtab Pouratashi دانشجوی دکتری آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران ایران mah.pouratashi@gmail.com میرزا رضا آخوند زردینی Mirzareza Akhond Zardini دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران ایران zardini@mialinator.com مجتبی سوختانلو Mojtaba Sokhtanlo دانشجوی دکتری آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران ایران sokhtanlo@mailinator.com انسجام اجتماعی تحصیلات روستاییان عمران روستایی مشارکت اجتماعی Ajili, A., Behtash, M. J. & Danaee, M. (2007). Non-economic Determinants of Satisfaction from Participation in Projects Combating Desertification in Khuzestan Province. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 3(1), 117-129. (In Farsi)##Azimi, N. & Jamshidian, M. (2005). A study on effects of rural reclamations plans, case study: west of Gilan. Bulletin of Beautiful Arts, 22, 25-34. (In Farsi)##Aziz, M. M. & Khalili, A. (2009). Evaluation of modeling rural places in Iran at reclamations plans, according to AHP analysis. Journal of Humanities Geography, 67(1), 27-40. (In Farsi)##Azkia, M. (2005). An introduction on sociology of rural development. Tehran: Etelaat Pub. (In Farsi)##Bagdi, G. L. (2005). People participation in soil and water conservation through watershed approach. Indian: International Book Distributing (IBDs).##Baghaei, M., Chizari, M., PezeshkiRad, Gh. R. & Feli, S. (2009). Personal and social factors influencing rural participation of Hone Jan’s Zar Cheshmeh Catchments in watershed management projects. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 4(1), 73-87. (In Farsi)##Chandran, M. K. & Chackacherry, G. (2004). Factors influencing farmer participation in irrigation management. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 42(1-2), 77-79.##Cohen, J. & Uphoff, N. (1977). Rural Development Participation: Concepts and Measures for Project Design, Implementation and Evaluation. Ithaka, Cornel University.##Delgoshaee, Y. (2003). A study on participatoy management at elementary school in Tehran Province for presentation of optimum model. PhD thesis, Azad University, Science and Technology Branch (In Farsi)##Faham, E., Mokhtarnia, M., Darvish, A. & Rezvanfar, A. (2008). Viewpoints of Tehran natural resources NGOs’ members toward participation in natural resources extension and development. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 3(2), 85-95. (In Farsi)##George, D. & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update (4th Ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.##Ghasemi, M. A. (2005). A study on socio-economical factors influencing rural participation on reclamations plans: case central sector of Kashan Town. Journal of Rural Development Studies, 4(32), 79-112. (In Farsi)##GholamRezaee, M. A. (2003). Evaluation of the rural reclamations plans in Lorestan Province. MSc thesis of rural development. Razi University. (In Farsi)##Golshiri, Z., Khademi, H., Sadighi, R., & Taze, M. (2009). Effect of social dependence on rural cooperation: case study Gandoman Part, Brojen County. Journal of Rural and Development, 12(1), 167-147.##Jalali, M. (2001). Analysis of pasture cooperatives of Kordestan Province: effective constructs on range participation. MSc thesis of agricultural extension and education, Shiraz University. (In Farsi)##Langroodi, S. H. & Yari, A. (2010). Environment conservation and planning for rural development with emphasis on rural reclamations. Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning, 21(3), 45-60.##Leeuwise, C. (2003). Communication for rural innovation: Rethinking agriculture extension. Wageningen: Wageningen Agricultural University.##Mann, S. (2005). Farm size growth and participation in agri-environmental scheme: a configural frequency analysis of the Swiss case. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 56(3), 373-384##Papeli Yazdi, M. H. & Ebrahimi, M. A. (2007). Opinions of rural development. 3rd ed. Teheran: Samt. (In Farsi)##Shaeri, A. & Saadi, H. (2003). Practical guide for participation and extension of natural resource. Tehran: Pooneh Pub. (In Farsi)##Shariati, M. R., Ziadbakhsh, S., & Varamini, N. (2005). Factors influencing villagers' participation on protection forests of North and West. Forest and Range, 67, 47-57. (In Farsi)##Taleb, M. (2005). Rural management in Iran. Tehran: Tehran University Pub. (In Farsi)##Valencia, S. C., Flanders, D. N. & Kozak, R. A. (2010). Participatory landscape planning and sustainable community development: Methodology observation from a case study in rural Mexico. Landscape and Urban Planning, 94, 63-70.##Van, A. & Klomp, N. (2002). A look in the mirror: reflection on participation in integrated assessment from a methodological perspective, Global environmental change##

0 تحلیل عوامل پیش‏برندة توسعة مدیریت مشارکتی آبیاری (مطالعة موردی: دهستان میان‏دربند) Analysis of the promoting factors of the development in participatory irrigation management (Case study: Miandarband rural district) https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53173.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53173 0 پژوهش حاضر با هدف کلی تحلیل عوامل پیش‏برندة توسعة مدیریت مشارکتی آبیاری در شبکة آبیاری میان‏دربند در شهرستان کرمانشاه انجام گرفت. جامعة آماری پژوهش شامل بهره‏برداران شبکة آبیاری میان‏دربند شهرستان کرمانشاه بودند (N=417). با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، 126 نفر از آن‏ها به روش نمونه‏گیری طبقه‏ای تصادفی با انتساب متناسب انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی پژوهش برای جمع‏آوری داده‏ها پرسشنامه‏ای بوده که روایی آن بر پایة نظر جمعی از کارشناسان سازمان آب منطقه‏ای کرمانشاه و اعضای هیئت علمی گروه ترویج و توسعة روستایی دانشگاه رازی تأیید شد و پایایی آن نیز با محاسبة ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد (α=0/79). تجزیه و تحلیل داده‏ها با استفاده از نرم‏افزار SPSSwin20انجام گرفت. نتایج تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، عوامل پیش‏برندة توسعة مدیریت مشارکتی آبیاری از دیدگاه بهره‏بردران مطالعه‌شده را در هفت عامل اقتصادی، آموزشی- ترویجی، حمایتی، فنی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و مدیریتی طبقه‏بندی کرد. نتایج این مطالعه می‏تواند دستاوردهایی برای نهادهای درگیر در انتقال مدیریت شبکه‏های آبیاری به بهره‏برداران به همراه داشته باشد. 1 The main purpose of this study was analyzingthe promoting factors of the developmentin participatory irrigation managementin the irrigation network of Miandarband villages located in Kermanshah County. The research population consisted of all beneficiaries of this area (N=417). By using the Cochran's formula, 126 people were chosen through a random stratified sampling method with appropriate attribution. The main instrument was questionnaire which validity was obtained by Regional Water organization expert of Kermanshah County and panel of faculty members of extension and rural development in Razi University. To measure reliability of questionnaire Cronbach's Alpha formula calculated (α=0.79). Data was analyzed by SPSS16 software.The results of the exploratory factor analysis classified the promoting factors of development of participatory management irrigation in seven factors of economic, educational-extension, supportive,technical,cultural, social and managerial. The results of this study gains many achievements for the institutions involved in irrigation management transfer to beneficiaries. 565 573 روناک عربی Ronak Arabi دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه رازی ایران ronak.arabi@yahoo.com علی اصغر میرک زاده Ali Asghar Mirakzade استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی ایران mirakzadeh@razi.ac.ir کیومرث زرافشانی Kiumarse Zarafshani دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی ایران zarafshani2000@yahoo.com : شبکه‏های آبیاری شهرستان کرمانشاه عوامل پیش‏برنده مدیریت مشارکت 1- Alavi. SR, (2010). Establish the feasibility of participatory Utilization Systems of soil and water resources in 1 areas of madani martyr dam (Vanyar) Tabriz, Iranian Journal of agricultural education and extension sciences,3(1), pp100-116. (In Farsi).##2- Basirzadah H, Minaei, S, Tondro, M. (2010). Determining the area and boundaries between the civil districtsin the margins of Rivers with the integration of social, economic, Executive, operation and technical considerations.The collection of articles of the first National Conference on new approaches to public participation in studying, operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage network, 27th&28thof January, 2010, Shiraz. (In Farsi).##3- Bishay, M., Jordons, E & Butcher, F. (2001).Thematic study on water users associations in IFAD projects. Report No. 1134, IFAD: office of Evaluation and studies.##4- Chandran, M. K., Varadan, K. M. &Valsan.T. (2001).Evalution of farmers participation under command area development programme in kerala, J. tropical agric., 39: 38- 41.##5- Douglas, L. and Vermillion, D. L. (2004). Irrigation, collective action and property rights. Int. Food. Pol. Res. Inst., 11:6. ##6- Ghanian,M; Baradaran, M; Ali Mirzai, A, Solomon Aaron,Kh; Pasha, S. (2013). Participatory management of water resources, agriculture and affecting components, study of  Khuzestan province. research ofWaterinAgriculture Journal,27(2), pp181-190.(In Farsi).##7- Gulati, A., Dick, R. M. & Raju, K. V. (2005). Institutional Reforms in Indian Irrigation, Sage Publications, New Delhi. P-322.##8- Hamdy. A. (2007). Irrigation management transfer: Monitoring and evaluational concepts and approaches. The 4th Asian Regional Conference and 10 th International seminar on Participatory Irrigation Management- 2- 5 May 2007, Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi).##9-institution of First Consulting Engineers. (2004). Socioeconomic Studies exploitation Tabriz Plain, Annual Reports, Tehran, Consulting Engineers Officer. (In Farsi).##10- IWMI. (2009). Irrigation Reform in Asia: A review of  108 cases of irrigation management transfer: Background Paper No 3, submitted to Asia Development Bank October 2009.##11- Marothia, D. K. (2005). Institutional reforms in canal irrigation system- lessons from chhattisgarsh. Econ.Pol. Wee. 40(28): 3074- 3084.##12- Kykhah, H. (2002). Assessment the possibility of public participation in the operation and maintenance of irrigation networks plain Sistan, Master's thesis, Executive Management courses, Management Education and Research Institute, Karaj. (In Farsi).##13- Marshall, G. R. (2004).Farmers cooperating in the common? A study of collective action in salinity management. Ecological Economics. 51(3-4), 271-286.##14- Mirani, M. and Memon, Y. (2001). Farmer’s Participation in the Sustainable Land and Water Use for Rural Poverty Alleviation in sindh, ROOTs 2001, Conference Disguised Inefficient Land use in Rural Oyo State, South Western Nigeria.##15- Piri, H. (2011). The necessity of expanding the participation of national coalitions in management, operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage networks of Iran. The third National Conference on management of irrigation and drainage networks, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Faculty of water science engineering, March. (In Farsi).##16- Planiswami, K. (2006). Sustainable Management of Tank Irrigation Systems in India, Water Technology Center, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ. India.##17- Porsabaghi, M. (2010).Investigating factor Affecting of Acceptance of Water Management institutions (case of study: Getond).The collection of articles of the first National Conference on new approaches to public participation in studying, operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage network, 27th&28thof January, 2010, Shiraz. (In Farsi).##18- Sakthivadivel, R., Gomathinayagam, P. & Tushaar, S. (2004). Rejuvenating irrigation tanks through local institutions, Econ. Pol. Wee., 39(31): 3521- 3526.##19- Tootoonchi M, Ommani AR. (2011). The role of social studies in plans for developing the irrigation and drainage networks. The third National Conference on management of irrigation and drainage networks, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Faculty of water science engineering, 1st – 3rd of March, 2011. (In Farsi).##20- Vatanara M, Behzad M, Panahi, M weisy, Sh,FalahkohanA. (2011). The existing experiences in the field of irrigation and drainage network management using GIS. The third National Conference on management of irrigation and drainage networks, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Faculty of water science engineering, 1st –3rdof March, 2011. (In Farsi).##21- World Bank (2006). Sustainable Iand management: challenges, opportunities and trade-offs Washington, Dc20433,p:14.www.siteresources.world bank. org/in TRAD Resources/ ustainable-Iand- management-ebool-pdf.##22- Zareidastgerdi Z, Irvany H, Shabanalifemi H,  Mokhtarihesari A. (2007). Analysis of the mechanism of improving the participation of farmers in the water supply network management of Jerqoyah section of Isfahan. 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0 شناسایی مؤثرترین عوامل متمایزکنندة نگرش و رفتار گندم‌کاران در خصوص امنیت غذایی در شمال خوزستان Identify the most distinguishing factors of wheat farmers' attitudes and behaviors regarding food security in Northern Province https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_53174.html 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53174 0    هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی مؤثرترین عوامل متمایزکنندة نگرش و رفتار کشاورزان گندم‌کار در خصوص امنیت غذایی بوده است. روش این تحقیق پیمایشی و از نوع همبستگی و جامعة آماری پژوهش 25435 نفر از گندم‌کاران شهرستان‌های شوش، شوشتر و دزفول است. حجم نمونة آماری براساس جدول تاکمن و مورگان، 379 کشاورز برآورد شد که در نهایت 237 پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری شد. روش نمونه‌گیری در این تحقیق تصادفی ساده و ابزار جمع‌آوری داده پرسشنامة محقق‌ساخت بود که روایی آن براساس پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن از طریق مطالعة پایلوت در خارج از نمونة اصلی مطالعه تأیید شد. میزان آلفا برای متغیرهای دانش در خصوص امنیت غذایی، نگرش در خصوص امنیت غذایی و رفتار در خصوص امنیت غذایی به ترتیب 82/0، 92/0 و 92/0 به دست آمد. پس از تکمیل‌شدن پرسشنامه، کدگذاری اطلاعات پرسشنامه انجام گرفت و توصیف و تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری win16 Spss صورت پذیرفت. نتایج آمار توصیفی نشان داد کشاورزان گندم‌کار منطقه در خصوص امنیت غذایی نگرش مثبت دارند و نوع رفتار آنان در این خصوص مسئولانه بوده است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل تشخیصی نیز نشان داد میزان دانش گندم‌کاران در خصوص امنیت غذایی مؤثرترین متغیر در تفکیک گروه‌های نگرشی و متغیرهای نگرش و دانش در خصوص امنیت غذایی و سابقة فعالیت‌های کشاورزی مؤثرترین متغیرها در تفکیک گروه‌های رفتاری بوده‌اند. 1 The purpose of this study is identify the most distinguishing factors of farmers' attitudes and behaviors regarding food security. The research method was survey and correlational research. The population was 25435 farmers of Shush, Shooshtar and Dezful district. 379 farmers were selected based on the table of Takman and Morgan. Finally, 237 questionnaires were collected. Data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire. Its validity based Expert Panel and reliability by carrying out a pilot study carried out in the study sample were confirmed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for variables of knowledge, attitude and behavior of farmers related to food security was achieved respectively: 0.84, 0.92 and 0.92. After completion of the questionnaire, the coding of questionnaire was performed and description and analysis of data using statistical software SPSS16 was done. The results showed that attitude of wheat farmers about the food security was positive and behavior was responsibly. Results of stepwise discriminate analysis showed that the amount of knowledge of wheat farmers about food security is the most effective variable in separating of attitude groups and variables of attitude and knowledge about food safety.The agricultural job experience is the most effective variables in separating of behavioral groups. 575 583 کبری شبانی Kobra Shabani کارشناس ارشد، دانشگاه رامین خوزستان ایران nanazimelodi73@yahoo.com محمدرضا شاه پسند Mohamadreza Shahpasand استادیار مؤسسة آموزشی عالی علمی کاربردی وزارت جهاد کشاورزی ایران m_ghanian@yahoo.com مسعود برادران Masoud Bradaran دانشیار دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه رامین خوزستان ایران baradaran@mailinator.com بهمن خسروی پور Bahman Khosravi Pour استادیار دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه رامین خوزستان ایران b.khosravipour@gmail.com نوشین زندی سوهانی Noshin Zandi Sohani استادیار دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه رامین خوزستان ایران nzandisohani@yahoo.com امنیت غذایی رفتار شمال خوزستان گندم نگرش Adesop, O.M., Matthews, E.C., Oguzor, N.S & V.C, Ugwuja. 2012. 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