ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی نقش کیفیت نهادی ایران و شرکای تجاری بر صادرات محصولات کشاورزی ایران
امروزه، نهادها و کیفیت نهادی کشورها به یکی از مهمترین مباحث در ادبیات تجارت بینالملل تبدیل شده است که براساس یافتههای تجربی پژوهشهای مختلف، یکی از موانع تجاری اصلی کشورها بهشمار رفته و موجب تغییر در الگوی تجاری کشورها میشود. از اینرو، هدف مقاله پیش رو، ارزیابی اثر کیفیت نهادی ایران و شرکای تجاری عمده آن بر صادرات بخش کشاورزی ایران است. برای دستیابی به این هدف، دادههای صادرات کشاورزی ایران به 45 شریک تجاری عمده در دوره زمانی 2002-2014 با استفاده از الگوی جاذبه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. براساس نتایج، متغیرهای درآمد شرکای تجاری، موافقتنامههای تجاری و مرز مشترک اثری مثبت و معنیدار و متغیرهای فاصله و شباهت اقتصادی اثری منفی و معنیدار بر صادرات کشاورزی ایران داشته است. همچنین، کیفیت نهادی ایران و شرکای تجاری ایران بهترتیب اثر منفی و مثبت بر صادرات کشاورزی ایران داشته است. بهعبارت دیگر، کیفیت نهادی پایین ایران یکی از موانع صادرات بخش کشاورزی ایران به شمار میرود. بنابراین، از آنجا که بهبود کیفیت نهادهای داخلی با کاهش ریسک و هزینه مبادله میتواند نقشی تعیینکننده در افزایش صادرات محصولات کشاورزی داشته باشد، پیشنهاد میشود، بهمنظور بهرهمندی بیشتر از فضای تجارت جهانی، سرمایهگذاری بیشتری در بهبود زیرساختهای نهادهای داخلی انجام پذیرد.
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_75323_f39d8814727ba1a1e87f803003c6288f.pdf
2020-03-20
1
13
10.22059/ijaedr.2019.258788.668610
صادرات کشاورزی
شرکای تجاری
شاخص کیفیت نهادی
مدل جاذبه
ایران
میلاد
امینی زاده
milad.aminizadeh@mail.um.ac.ir
1
دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
حامد
رفیعی
hamedrafiee@ut.ac.ir
2
استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
اندیشه
ریاحی
andisheh.riahi@ut.ac.ir
3
کارشناس ارشد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
الهام
مهرپرور حسینی
mehrparvar@ut.ac.ir
4
دانشجوی دکتری گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
Aminizadeh, M., Rafiee, H., Riahi, H., Shangayi, R., & Mehrparvar Hosseini, E. (2015). Formulate priorities of raisin exports Iran in the world market. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 46(2), 363-373. (In Farsi)
1
Anderson, J., & van Wincoop, E. (2004). Trade costs. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 52, 691-751.
2
Antonucci, D., & Manzocchi, S. (2006). Does Turkey have a special trade relation with the EU?: A gravity model approach. Economic Systems, 30(2), 157-169.
3
Aswathappa, K. (2005). International Business, 2e, Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
4
Bandyopadhyay, S., & Roy, S. (2016). The Effects of Corruption on Trade Flows: A Disaggregated Analysis. In International Trade and International Finance (pp. 97-116). Springer, New Delhi.
5
Berden, K., Bergstrand, J.H., & Etten, E. (2014). Governance and globalisation. The World Economy, 37(3), 353-386.
6
Bojnec, Š., & Fertô, I. (2009). The institutional determinants of bilateral agricultural and food trade, Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, 3.
7
Bojnec, Š., & Fertő, I. (2015). Institutional determinants of agro-food trade. Transformations in Business & Economics, 14(2), 35-52.
8
Bojnec, Š., Fertő, I., & Fogarasi, J. (2014). Quality of institutions and the BRIC countries agro-food exports. China Agricultural Economic Review, 6(3), 379-394.
9
10. Broll, U., & Gilroy, M. (1986). Comparative Advantage and Trade Patterns. Jahrbuch für Sozialwissenschaft, 37(3), 321-324.
10
11. Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales. (2017). CEPII Database.
11
12. Co, C.Y. (2010). Intra-and inter-firm US trade. International Review of Economics and Finance, 19(2), 260-277.
12
13. De Jong, E., & Bogmans, C. (2011). Does corruption discourage international trade?. European Journal of Political Economy, 27(2), 385-398.
13
14. Fracasso, A. (2014). A gravity model of virtual water trade. Ecological economics, 108, 215-228.
14
15. Francois, J., & Manchin, M. (2013). Institutions, infrastructure and trade. World Development, 46, 165-175.
15
16. Gani, A. (2010). Some aspects of trade between Australia and Pacific Island Countries. The World Economy, 33(1), 89-106.
16
17. Gani, A., & Scrimgeour, F. (2016). New Zealand's trade with Asia and the role of good governance. International Review of Economics & Finance, 42, 36-53.
17
18. Islamic Republic of Iran Customers Administration. (2017). IRICA Database. (In Farsi).
18
19. Karbasi, A., & Aminizadeh, M. (2019). Investigating the Effective Factors on Iran’s Pistachio Export with Emphasis on the Role of Trade Sanctions. Journal of Agricultural Economics Research, 43, 1-22. (In Farsi)
19
20. Keuschnigg, M. (2012). Comparative advantage in international trade: theory and evidence. Springer Science & Business Media.
20
21. Koochakzadeh, S., & Karbasi, A. (2015). Study of the Effective Factors on the Commerce of Iranian Saffron. Journal of Saffron Agronomy and Technology, 3(3), 217-227. (In Farsi).
21
22. Levin, A., Lin, C.F., & Chu, C.S.J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of econometrics, 108(1), 1-24.
22
23. Mehrparvar Hosseini, E., Aminizadeh, M., Rafiee, H., Riahi, A., & Bastani, M. (2013). Designing of Iranian Dates Trade Model; Application of Trade Advantages and Theory of Market Structure. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 7(2), 19-46. (In Farsi).
23
24. Moenius, J., & Berkowitz, D. (2011). Law, trade and development. Journal of Development Economics, 96, 451-460.
24
25. Moghaddasi, R., & Rahimi, R. (2012). The effects of free trade agreements on agricultural bilateral trade in ECO countries. Journal of Financial Economics, 5(4), 9-22. (In Farsi).
25
26. Mortazavi, S.A., & Mojtahedi, F. (2016). Exchange rates translation effect on export price of dates Iran: Application Model ARDL. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 46(4), 719-727. (In Farsi).
26
27. Natale, F., Borrello, A., & Motova, A. (2015). Analysis of the determinants of international seafood trade using a gravity model. Marine Policy, 60, 98-106.
27
28. North, D. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
28
29. Olson, M. (1996). Big bills left on the sidewalk: why some nations are rich and others are poor. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10, 3-24.
29
30. Pishbahar, E., Rahimi, J., Dashti, G., & Ghahremanzad, M. (2015). The effects of agricultural trade instability and volatility on growth of agricultural sector in Iran. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 46(2), 299-310. (In Farsi).
30
31. Ranjan, P. & Lee, J.Y. (2007). Contract enforcement and international trade. Economics and Politics, 19(2), 191-218.
31
32. Rodrik, D. (2007). One economics, many recipes: globalization, institutions and economic growth, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
32
33. Salami, H., & Pishbahar, E. (2001). Changes in the pattern of comparative advantage of agricultural products in Iran: An empirical analysis based on the revealed comparative advantage indices. Journal of Agricultural Economic and Development, 34, 67-99. (In Farsi).
33
34. Shamseddini, E., Moghadasi, R., & Sadrolashrafi, M. (2010). An Investigation of the Effective Factors on Trade Flows between Iran and EU (the case study: Agricultural Sector). Agricultural Economics, 4(3), 17-40. (In Farsi).
34
35. Shepherd, B., & Wilson, N.L. (2013). Product standards and developing country agricultural exports: The case of the European Union. Food Policy, 42, 1-10.
35
36. Silva, S.J.M.C., & Tenreyro, S. (2006). The log of gravity. Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(4), 641–658.
36
37. Tinbergen, J. (1962). Shaping the world economy: Suggestions for an international economic policy, New York, NY: Twentieth Century Fund.
37
38. Toossi, M., Moghadasi, R., Yazdani, S., & Ahmadian, M. (2010). Regionalism and Iran's Agricultural Trade Promotion in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO). Agricultural Economics, 4(4), 131-157. (In Farsi).
38
39. Trefler, D. (1995). The case of missing trade and other mysteries. The American Economic Review, 85, 1029–1046.
39
40. Ulengin, F., Cekyay, B., Palut, P.T., Ulengin, B., Kabak, O., Ozaydin, O., & Ekici, S.O. (2015). Effects of quotas on Turkish foreign trade: A gravity model. Transport Policy, 38, 1–7.
40
41. Vijayasri, G.V. (2013). The importance of international trade in world. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services and Management Research, 2(9), 111-119.
41
42. Williamson, O.E. (2002). The theory of firm as governance structure: from choice to contract. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(3), 171-195.
42
43. World Bank. (2018). World Development Indicators.
43
44. World Trade Organization. (2018). WTO database.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
الگوی اقتصاد دانشبنیان در تولید محصولات کشاورزی: راهکاری برای اثرگذاری دانش در تولید
معمولاً، دانش بهعنوان یک نهادهی غیرقابل لمس در تولید شناخته میشود. در صورتیکه در مبانی نظری اقتصاد دانشبنیان، دانش بهعنوان یک منبع دایمی در تمامی بخشهای فعال اقتصاد از جمله بخش کشاورزی، با مشارکت در جریان تولید همواره سبب افزایش تولید، مزیت رقابتی و ایجاد ارزش افزوده شده است. با این وجود، تولید در چارچوب اقتصاد دانشبنیان و چگونگی ورود دانش به جریان تولید محصولات کشاورزی یکی از مباحث بسیار پیچیده در اقتصاد میباشد. از اینرو، با توجه به جایگاه اقتصاد دانشبنیان و توجه ویژه سیاستگذاران به تحقق آن در اسناد بالادستی، مقالهی پیشرو تلاش میکند با بهرهگیری از مطالعات گذشته و مرور آنها به روش تحلیلی و توصیفی، به بحث پیرامون مفهوم اقتصاد دانشبنیان در تولید محصولات کشاورزی و چگونگی اثرگذاری دانش بر تولید بپردازد. یافتههای این پژوهش اطلاعات مفیدی در جهت درک بهتر مفهوم اقتصاد دانشبنیان در تولید محصولات کشاورزی ارایه میدهد. مرور مطالعات گذشته نشان میدهد، در اقتصاد دانشبنیان، دانش بهعنوان یک نهاده و کالای عمومی در نتیجهی انجام تحقیقات موفق، از طریق بهرهوری کل عوامل تولید بر جریان تولید اثرگذار است. بهعبارت دیگر، در اقتصاد دانشبنیان بخشی از بهرهوری کل عوامل تولید بوسیلهی موجودی دانش منتج شده از مخارج تحقیقات و ترویج، توضیح داده میشود که این بخش با اثرگذاری بر جریان تولید میتواند معیاری برای سنجش میزان دانشبنیان شدن فعالیتها نیز باشد.
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_75332_87b65de87cf1902c1160dc1bb6d7d8c4.pdf
2020-03-20
15
31
10.22059/ijaedr.2019.288435.668808
اقتصاد دانشبنیان
کشاورزی
تابع تولید
بهرهوری کل عوامل تولید
مهدی
باستانی
mahdi_bastani@ut.ac.ir
1
دانشجوی دکتری گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
سید صفدر
حسینی
hosseini_safdar@yahoo.com
2
استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
حبیب اله
سلامی
hsalami@ut.ac.ir
3
استاد، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
سعید
یزدانی
syazdani@ut.ac.ir
4
استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
هرمز
اسدی
hormoz.asadi3@gmail.com
5
استادیار تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،کرج، ایران.
AUTHOR
Abonouri A., Hanteh, M., & Ghorbani, A. (2013). Investigating the Role of Knowledge-Based Economy Components on Total Productivity of Production Factors. Macroeconomic Research Journal (Journal of Economic Sciences), 8 (16), 31-52. (In Farsi).
1
Akoum, I. (2016). Research, Development and Innovation in Malaysia: Elements of an Effective Growth Model, Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, 6(7), 390-403.
2
Alston J. M., Matthew, A., Andersen, J., James, S., Philip, & Pardey, G. (2011). The Economic Returns to U.S. Public Agricultural Research, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 93(5), 1257–1277.
3
Alston, J. M., C. Chan-Kang, M. C. Marra, P. G. Pardey, & T. J. Wyatt, (2000). A Meta-Analysis of Rates of Return to Agricultural R&D: Ex Pede Herculem? IFPRI Research Report 113. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C.
4
Alston, J. M., G. W. Norton, & P. G. Pardey, (1995). Science under Scarcity: Principles and Practice for Research Evaluation and Priority Setting, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
5
Alston, J.M., Andersen, M.A., James, J. S. & Pardey, P.G. (2009). Persistence Pays: U.S. Agricultural Productivity Growth and the Benefits from Public R&D Spending, New York: Springer Press.
6
APEC. (2000). Towards Knowledge Based Economies in APEC, Reports, Economic Committee (EC).
7
Atkinson, R, D. & Court, R. H. (1998). The New Economy Index: Understanding America’s Economic Transformation, Washington, D.C.: Progressive Policy Institute.
8
Australia Burea of Statistics (ABS). (2002). Measuring a Knowledge Based Economy and Society an Australian Framework, Discussion Paper (cat. No. 1375.0).
9
10. Bashehab, O. S. (2013). Status of Knowledge Based Economy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Analysis. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, (6), 268-277.
10
11. Bashir, M. (2013). Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) 2012 Rankings for Islamic Countries and Assessment of KEI Indicators for Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2 (6), 28-43.
11
12. Batagan, L. (2007). Indicators for Knowledge Economy. Revista Informatica Economică, 44(4), 3-10.
12
13. Becker, G. (1964). Human Capital: with special reference to education, u. of Chicago press.
13
14. Ceptureanu, S., Ceptureanu, E., Tudorache, A., & Zgubea, F. (2012). Knowledge Based Economy Assessment in Romania, Economia. Seria Management, 15(1), 70-87.
14
15. Chen, C., & Dahlman, J. (2006). The Knowledge Economy, The KAM Methodolgy and World Bank Operations, WBI Working Paper, No.1.
15
16. Chen, C., & Dahlman, J. (2006). The Knowledge Economy, The KAM Methodolgy and World Bank Operations. 37256: 42.
16
17. Coe, D. T., and Helpman, E. (1995). International R&D Spillovers, European Economic Review, 39(5), 859-887.
17
18. Cowen, T., & Tabarrok, A. (2009). Modern Principles of Economics, Southend on Sea, United Kingdom: Worth Publishers.
18
19. Czapiewski, K., Zbigniew, F., and Krzysztof, J. (2010). Agricultural knowledge and rural economy - analysis on micro and macro scales. Rural Areas and Development, 7(7), 12-22.
19
20. Dargahi, H., & Ghadiri, A. (2003). Analysis of determinants of Iran's economic growth (review of endogenous growth patterns). Quarterly Journal of Commerce Research, 7(26), 1-33. In Farsi.
20
21. Daugeliene, R. (2006). Towards Knowledge-Based Economy: Modelling Knowledge Expression Assessment. Institute of Europe.
21
22. Eid Mohammadzadeh, H., Rezaei, J., Faghih Nasiri, M., & Tavakoli Baghdadabad, M.R. (2010), Evaluation of Knowledge Economy Using Mathematical Planning Model, Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, 10 (36), 135 - 115. In Farsi.
22
23. Emadzadeh, M., & Shahnazi, R. (2007). Investigating the Foundations and Indicators of Knowledge-Based Economy and Its Position in Selected Countries Compared to Iran. Journal of Economic Research, 7 (4), 33-44. (In Farsi).
23
24. Emadzadeh, M., Shahnazi, R., & Dehghan Shabani, Z. (2006), Investigating the Realization of Knowledge-Based Economy in Iran, Journal of Economic Research, 6 (2), 103-132. (In Farsi).
24
25. Evenson, R. E. & Y. Kislev, (1973). Research and Productivity in Wheat and Maize. Journal of Political Economy, 81(1), 1309-1329.
25
26. Fluginiti, L.E., & Perrin, R.K. (1992). Prices and Productivity in Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Journal Paper, No. J-14462. Ames: Iwoa State University.
26
27. Gorji, E. & Alipourian, M. (2011). The Knowledge Economy & the Knowledge Assessment Methodology (The case study of Iran & Some other Countries). Iranian Economic Review , 16(2), 43-73.
27
28. Gray, R., Malla, S., & Philips, P. (1999). Gains to yield Increasing Research in the Evolving Canadian Canola Research Industry, International Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research Conference. Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
28
29. Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (1991). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, Cambridge, Mass and London: MIT Press.
29
30. Hassanpour, E., Hosseini, S.S., & Sadeghian, S.Y. (2007). Assessing the effects of sugar beet research on the shift of sugar supply in Iran. Journal of Sugar Beet, 23(1), 92-79. (In Farsi).
30
31. Henry, G., & Trigo, E.J. (2010). The Knowledge Based Bio-Economy at Work: from Large Scale Experiences to Instruments for Rural and Local Development, Montpellier, France.
31
32. Hosseini, S.S., & Abyar, N. (2015). Multi-criteria model of prioritization of agricultural research in the agricultural cluster of Iran. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi).
32
33. Hosseini, S.S., & Hassanpour, E. (2005). Economic Analysis and Evaluation Model of Iranian Agricultural Research: a Case Study of Sugar Beet. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi).
33
34. Hosseini, S.S., & Hassanpour, E. (2006). Economic Evaluation of Agricultural Research in Iran: Case Study of Sugar Beet. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 37(2), 75-83. (In Farsi).
34
35. Hosseini, S.S., & Khaledi, M. (2004). Investigating the Economic Impact of Iranian Agricultural Research. Case Study of High Rice Cultivars. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 35(2), 403-413. (In Farsi).
35
36. Hosseini, S.S., & Shahbazi, H. (2012). Evaluation of Iranian Agricultural Research. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi)
36
37. Hosseini, S.S., & Shahbazi, H. (2013). Assessment of R&D Role for Agricultural Supply and Demand Gap Adjustment. Agricultural Economics and Development, 21(84), 177-203. (In Farsi).
37
38. Hosseini, S.S., & Shahbazi, H. (2014). Determination of Iran's Agricultural Optimal R&D Expenditure. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 45(1), 23-40. (In Farsi).
38
39. Hosseini, S.S., & Shahbazi, H. (2014). Determination of Iran's Agricultural Optimal R&D Expenditure. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 45(1), 23-40. (In Farsi).
39
40. Hosseini, S.S., & Shahnavazi, A. (2010). Evaluating economic research and promotion of almond cultivars in Iran. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Tehran, Iran. In Farsi.
40
41. Hosseini, S.S., & Shahnavazi, A., Yazdani, S. (2012). Evaluation of Income Redistribution of Investment in Almond Late Flowering Cultivars Developed in Sahand Horticultural Station. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 42-2(4), 493-500. (In Farsi).
41
42. Hosseini, S.S., Hassanpour, E., & Sadeghian, S.Y. (2006). Rate of Returns to Sugarbeet Breeding Research: Rasoul Cultivar. JWSS, 10 (3), 267-275. (In Farsi).
42
43. Ibne Afzal, M. (2014). Knowledge-Based Economy (KBE): An investigation of theoretical frameworks and measurement techniques in the South East Asian region, Doctoral thesis. University of Southern Queenland.
43
44. Jagani, S., Mehrabani, F., & Ghobadi, S. (2013). Comparing the Impact of Knowledge-Based Economics on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Iran and the Countries of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. The first national e-conference on Iran's economic outlook with a view to supporting national production. (In Farsi).
44
45. Jalaee, S. S., & Samimi, S. (2014). The Role of Knowledge Based Economics in Improving Competitive Advantage with an Entrepreneurial Approach. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 3(12a): 12-24.
45
46. Jones, C. (1995). R&D Based Model of Economic Growth, Journal of Political Economy, 103 (4), 759-784.
46
47. Judy, N., Behboudi, D., & Mirani, N. (2015). Investigating the Effect of Knowledge-Based Economics on Product Growth in Iran Using Gravitational Search Algorithm and Firefly Algorithm. Journal of Economic Progress Policy, 3 (8), 65-93. (In Farsi).
47
48. Kalim, R., Aziz Lodhi, S. (2002). The Knowledge-based Economy: Trends and Implications for Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 41(4), 18-29.
48
49. Koutout, K. (2008). Building a Knowledge Economy Index for Southern Metropolitan Areas. A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University: 489.
49
50. Krisciunas, K., & Daugeliene, R. (2006). The assessment models of knowledge-based economy penetration, Engineering Economics, 50(5), 36-46.
50
51. Lucas, R. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development, Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42.
51
52. Mehrabani, F., Ghobadi, P., & Rezaian, A. (2014). Investigating the Effect and Relationship between Knowledge-Based Economy and Total Productivity of Factors of Production; A Case Study of Developed, Emerging and Developing Countries. Iranian Journal of Economic Research Quarterly, 11 (21), 125-160. (In Farsi).
52
53. Mehrara, M., & Rezaee, A (2014). Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) in Iran and Comparison with other Countries of Region: the Vision 1404 Document. International Journal of Applied Economic Studies, 3(2), 1-7.
53
54. Mills, E. (2015). The Bioeconomy, Tni And Hands On The Land, European Comission.
54
55. Nazeman, N., & Eslamifar, E. (2011). Knowledge Based Economy and Sustainable Development. Financial Monetary Economics, 17(33), 184-213. (In Farsi).
55
56. OECD. (1996). Knowledge Based Economy, OECD, Paris, France.
56
57. Padel, S., Vaarst, M. & Zaralis, K. (2015). Supporting Innovation in Organic Agriculture: A European Perspective Using Experience from the SOLID Project, Sustainable Agriculture Research, 4 (3), 32-41.
57
58. Pardey, P.G. (1986). Public Sector Production of Agricultural Knowledge. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
58
59. Pardey, P.G., & Alston, J.M. (2010). US Agricultural Research on a Global Food Security Setting, A Report of the CSIS Task Force on Food Security. Center for Strategic and International studies.
59
60. Pardey, P.G., Alston, J.M. & Pigott, R. R. (2006). Agricultural R&D in the Developing World: Too Little, Too Late? Washington D.C. Int. Food Policy Resource Institution.
60
61. Pardey, P.G., Alston, J.M., & Chan-Kang, C. (2013). Public Agricultural R&D Over the Past Half Century: An Emerging New World Order, Agricultural Economics, 44(1), 103-113.
61
62. Price, D. D. S. (1961). Science since Babylon, New Haven: Yale University Press.
62
63. Price, D. D. S. (1963). Little Science, Big Science, New York: Columbia University Press.
63
64. Romer, P. M. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth, Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
64
65. Romer, P. M. (1990a). Endogenous technological change, Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 71-102.
65
66. Romer, P. M. (1990b). Human Capital and Growth: Theory and Evidence Carnegie Rochester, Conference Series on Public Policy, 32 (1), 251-286.
66
67. Schmookler, J. (1950). The Interpretation of Patent Statistics, Journal of the Patent Office Society, 32 (2), 123-146.
67
68. Schmookler, J. (1953a). Patent Application Statistics as an Index of Inventive Activity, Journal of the Patent Office Society, 35 (7), 539-550.
68
69. Schmookler, J. (1953b). The Utility of Patent Statistics, Journal of the Patent Office Society, 34 (6), 407-417.
69
70. Schmookler, J. (1954), The Level of Inventive Activity, Review of Economics and Statistics, 36 (2), 183-190.
70
71. Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development: An inquiry in to profits, capital credit, Interest and the business cycle. Cambridge: Harvard Business Press.
71
72. Smith, A. (1776). An Inquiry into the Nature and the Causes of the Wealth ofNations. In Campbell, R. H., & Skinner, A. S. (Eds.). Indianapolis: Liberty.
72
73. Solow, R. M. (1956). Technical change and the aggregate production function.
73
Review of Economics and Statistics, 39(3), 312-320.
74
74. Solow, R. M. (1960). Investment and technical progress. In Kenneth, A., Karlin, S., & Suppes, P. (Eds.), Mathematical Methods in the Social Sciences. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
75
75. Traxler, G. & D. Byerlee. (2001). Linking Technical Change to Research Effort: An Examination and Spillovers Effects, Agricultural Economics, 24(3), 235-246.
76
76. UNDP. (2001). Human Development Report: Making New Technologies Work for Human Development. Oxford University Press.
77
77. UNECE. (2002). Toward a Knowledge Based Economy, Country Readiness Asse Report: Concept, Outline, Benchmarking and Indicators. UNECE. New York_Gen Prieiga per internera: http://www.unece.org/ie/enterp/ducuments/coverpagregion.pdf
78
78. UNESCO. (2001). The State of Sciene and Techonology in the World 1996-1997, Electronic Paper, Canada.
79
79. White, F. C., and Havlicek, J. Jr. (1982). Optimal Expenditure for Agricultural Research and Extension: Implication of Understanding, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 64(1), 47-55.
80
World Bank. (1999). World Development Report 1998/99: Knowledge for Development, Oxford University Press
81
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
عوامل اقتصادی- اجتماعی مؤثر بر پذیرش فناوری خاکورزی حفاظتی
در ایران، عملیات خاکورزی متداول (سنتی) منجر به فرسایش خاک و از دست دادن مواد آلی خاک شده است که با عملیات بعدی جمعآوری بقایای زراعی و سوزاندن آنها، تشدید شده است. کشاورزی حفاظتی میتواند بهعنوان ابزاری برای افزایش بهرهوری خاک، کاهش فقر و تقلیلدهنده پیامدهای تغییر اقلیم در خانوارهای روستایی، محسوب شود. در این مطالعه، با استفاده از نظریه رفتار برنامهریزی شده (TPB) به درک عوامل مؤثر بر پذیرش کشاورزی حفاظتی، با استفاده از اطلاعات جمعآوری شده از طریق پرسشنامه، مشتمل بر 260 کشاورز از منطقه زرقان سال زراعی 95-1394 پرداخته شده است. نتایج حاصل از مدل نشان داد، متغیرهای نگرش کشاورز، کنترل رفتاری درک شده و هنجارهای ذهنی، 78 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته را تبیین میکنند و نگرش کشاورزان، قویترین عامل پیشبینیکننده قصد آنها میباشد. علاوه بر این، سطح تحصیلات و درآمد خارج از مزرعه بیشترین تأثیر مثبت و معنیدار را بر نگرش کشاورزان نسبت به اتخاذ روشهای خاکورزی حفاظتی داشتهاند. یافتههای این مطالعه میتواند به درک بهتر پویایی فرایند پذیرش زارعین در رابطه با کشاورزی حفاظتی وچگونگی برخورد کشاورزان با این فناوری و سایر فناورهای جدید کمک کند.
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_75327_d8624e030c7d3b6390fddbc0ab29dda1.pdf
2020-03-20
33
49
10.22059/ijaedr.2019.281165.668752
کشاورزی حفاظتی
تئوری رفتار برنامه ریزی شده
تحلیل مسیر
هنجارهای ذهنی
سودابه
مطلبانی
azeinoddin@yahoo.com
1
کارشناس ارشد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
AUTHOR
منصور
زیبایی
zibaei@shirazu.ac.ir
2
استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
AUTHOR
آذر
شیخ زین الدین
azeinoddin@shirazu.ac.ir
3
استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdulai, A. N. (2016). Impact of conservation agriculture technology on household welfare in Zambia. Agricultural Economics, 47(6), 729-741.
1
Asfaw, D., & Neka, M. (2017). Factors affecting adoption of soil and water conservation practices: The case of Wereillu Woreda (District), South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 5(4), 273-279.
2
Behzadfar, M., Curovic, M., Simunic, I., Tanaskovik, V., & Spalevic, V. (2015). Calculation of soil erosion intensity in the S5-2 Watershed of the Shirindareh River Basin, Iran. In International Conference on Soil, Tirana, Albania, 25(5), 256-278.
3
Chiputwa, B., Langyintuo, A. S., & Wall, P. (2011, February). Adoption of conservation agriculture technologies by smallholder farmers in the Shamva District of Zimbabwe: A Tobit application. In Paper accepted for the 2011 meeting of the Southern Agricultural Economics Association (SAEA), 24(10), 256-298.
4
Dastfal, M., Izadi, M. & Yazdan-Panah, M. (2009). Investigating the role of protective tillage as a solution for water management in drought conditions. The 4th Regional Conference of New Ideas in Agriculture, 30-25. (In Farsi).
5
Gharshasbi, P. & Gorbanpour, D. (2015). Economic Evaluation of Soil Conservation Measures (Case Study: Taleghan Watershed Basin). Journal of Engineering and Watershed Management, 7 (3), 239-229. (In Farsi).
6
Jaleta, M., Kassie, M., Tesfaye, K., Teklewold, T., Jena, P. R., Marenya, P., & Erenstein, O. (2016). Resource saving and productivity enhancing impacts of crop management innovation packages in Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics, 47(5), 513-522.
7
Jara-Rojas, R., Bravo-Ureta, B. E., Engler, A., and Díaz, J. (2013). An analysis of the joint adoption of water conservation and soil conservation in Central Chile. Land Use Policy, 32, 292-301.
8
Jihad Organization of Agriculture Zone of Zarghan. (2016). Agricultural Statistics Volume I, crops. (In Farsi).
9
10. Karami, E. (1995). Models of soil conservation technology adoption in developing countries: the case of Iran. Iran Agricultural Research, 14(1), 39-62. (In Farsi).
10
11. Karani, Z., Shiri, N., & Salehi, L. (2014). Farmers' Attitude of Kermanshah Province toward Soil Conservation. Research on Agricultural Economics and Development, 45 (1), 143-154. (In Farsi).
11
12. Karidjo, B., Wang, Z., Boubacar, Y., & Wei, C. (2018). Factors influencing farmers’ Adoption of Soil and Water Control Technology (SWCT) in Keita valley, a semi-arid Area of Niger. Sustainability, 10(2), 288.
12
13. Lalani, B., Dorward, P., Holloway, G., & Wauters, E. (2016). Smallholder farmers' motivations for using Conservation Agriculture and the roles of yield, labour and soil fertility in decision making. Agricultural Systems, 146(8), 80-90.
13
14. Lugandu, S. (2013). Factors influencing the adoption of conservation agriculture by smallholder farmers in Karatu and Kongwa districts of Tanzania. In REPOA’s18thannual research workshop held at the Kunduchi Beach Hotel, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
14
15. Mosissa, D., Mohammed, A., & Tesfaye, Y. (2019). The Effectiveness of Soil and Water Conservation as Climate Smart Agricultural Practice and Its Contribution to Smallholder Farmers’ Livelihoods. The Case of Bambasi District Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Northwest of Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, Vol.9, No.12, 1-20.
15
16. Nori, S. Jamshidi, A. R., Jamshidi, M., Hedayati Moghaddam, Z. & Fathi, A. (2014). Investigating the Factors Affecting Acceptance of Soil Conservation Measures, A Step to Sustainable Development of Agriculture (Case Study: Shirvan and Chardavol). Research on Agricultural Economics and Development, 45 (1), 205-195. (In Farsi).
16
17. Nuraleh-Nourivand, A., Ajili, A., Chizari, M. & Bizani, M. (2011). Comparison of Acceptance Patterns of Soil Conservation Technologies in Khuzestan Province. Sciences for the Promotion and Education of Agriculture, 7 (3), 34-21. (In Farsi).
17
18. Nyanga, P. H. (2012). Factors influencing adoption and area under conservation agriculture: a mixed methods approach. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 1(2), 27-40.
18
19. Omidi, S. (2016). Factors Affecting Acceptance of Soil and Soil Conservation Activities in Firouzabad Plain. MSc thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran. (In Farsi).
19
20. Sadegh Nezhad, H. & Islami, K. (2006). Comparison of wheat yield by changing soil tillage method. Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12 (1), 111-104. (In Farsi).
20
21. Saei-Ahan, J., Qaisipur, H. & Mohammadi Asadi, N. (2009). Agricultural Master Plan, Department of Plant Production Affairs, Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. (In Farsi).
21
22. Scheaffer, R. L., Mendenhall III, W., Ott, R. L., & Gerow, K. G. (2011). Elementary survey sampling. Cengage Learning.
22
23. Shahroudi, A. A., Chizari, M., & Pezeshki-Rad, Gh. R. (2008). Factors Affecting Farmers' Attitudes toward Participation in Water Users of the Cooperative Water (Case Study: Khorasan Razavi). Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 22 (2), 85-71. (In Farsi).
23
24. Shiri, N., Hashemi, M. K., Mirakzadeh, A. A., & Eshaghi, R. (2013). Factors Affecting Soil Conservation Operations by Farmers in Ilam Province. Research on Agricultural Economics and Development, 44 (2), 297-308. (In Farsi).
24
25. Speratti, A., Turmel, M. S., Calegari, A., Araujo-Junior, C. F., Violic, A., Wall, P., & Govaerts, B. (2015). Conservation Agriculture in Latin America. In Conservation Agriculture (pp. 391-415). Springer International Publishing.
25
26. Tavousi, M., Heidarnia, A. R., Montazeri, A., Taremian, F., Akbari, H., & Haeri, A. A. (2009). Distinction between two controls constructs: an application of the theory of planned behavior for substance abuse avoidance in adolescents. The Horizon of Medical Sciences, 15(3), 36-44.
26
27. Yazdanpanah, M., Hayati, D., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., & Zamani, G. H. (2014). Understanding farmers' intention and behavior regarding water conservation in the Middle-East and North Africa: A case study in Iran. Journal of Environmental Management, 135(7), 63-72.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
واکاوی چالشها و راهکارهای جلب مشارکت مردمی در طرحهای حفاظت از منابعطبیعی در مناطق روستایی
منابعطبیعی، موهبت ارزشمندی است که خداوند به انسانهایی که امروزه با بیتوجهی از آن بهرهمند میشود؛ ارزانی داشته است. مصرف صحیح و دور از اسراف این منابع خدادادی بهعنوان یک وظیفه انسانی مطرح است و هر فردی بهطور مستقیم و غیر مستقیم با آن در ارتباط است. بنابراین، توجه به مشارکت مردمی در حفاظت از منابعطبیعی از اهمیت و اعتبار بالایی برخوردار است. در این راستا، این پژوهش با هدف واکاوی چالشها و راهکارهای جلب مشارکت مردمی در طرحهای حفاظت از منابعطبیعی در مناطق روستایی انجام شد. جامعه آمار تحقیق شامل کارشناسان میانی و ستادی اداره کل منابعطبیعی و آبخیزداری استان زنجان میباشد (132N=) که با استفاده از فرمول نمونهگیری کوکران تعداد 105 نفر از آنها با روش نمونهگیری طبقهای با انتساب متناسب برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی تحقیق پرسشنامهای بود که روایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن توسط ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تایید شد (α>0.7). تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها بهوسیله نرمافزار SPSSwin18 انجام شد. نتایج بهدست آمده از تحلیل عاملی حاکی از آن بود که از دیدگاه پاسخگویان، چالشهای فراروی جلب مشارکت مردم در طرحهای حفاظت از منابع طبیعی در چهار عامل "زودبازده نبودن طرحها"، "عدم آشنایی مجریان با فنون مشارکت"، "نبود ضوابط قانونی برای مجریان و مردم" و "عدم توجه به خواستههای مردم" که بهطور کلی، این چهار عامل در مجموع 78/65 درصد کل واریانس را تبیین نمودهاند، قرار دارد و از دیدگاه پاسخگویان راهکارهای جلب مشارکت مردم در طرحهای حفاظت از منابعطبیعی در سه عامل "مشورت و نظارت با کمک مردم"، "اطلاع رسانی به مردم در مورد طرحها" و "حمایتها و مشوقهای مالی" که در مجموع 10/69 درصد کل واریانس را تبیین میکنند، قرار دارند.
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_75334_0d2716c2ac9908cd3f27d655cba336e4.pdf
2020-03-20
51
64
10.22059/ijaedr.2020.33178.667425
حفاظت
منابعطبیعی
پایداری
مشارکت مردمی
روستا
سید رضا
اسحاقی
rezaeshagi@yahoo.com
1
دانش آموخته دکتری ترویج کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
یوسف
حجازی
yhejazi@ut.ac.ir
2
استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی،دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
سید محمود
حسینی
hoseinim@ut.ac.ir
3
استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
سمیه
ده حقی
rezaeshaghi@ut.ac.ir
4
دانشجوی دکتری گروه ترویج کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
Abdollahi, M. & Fariadi, M. (2010). Legal Challenges of Environment Protection Organization of Iran. Journal of Environmental Science, 7(4), 143-180.( In Farsi)
1
Akabayashi, A. (2003). Report of the project strategies for social consensus building on the policies concerning Advanced Medical Technologies. Tokyo: Fuji research Institute Corporation.
2
Akbari, H & Eskandari, H. (2017). Strategies for Improving Public Participation in Natural Resources Areas in Kerman Province. International Congress of Interdisciplinary Science Research in Urban Planning and Architecture, Tabriz. (In Farsi)
3
Amighmohsen, F. (2006). Environmental ethics in Islam. Publication by Ostad Motahari.Tehran. (In Farsi)
4
Androdi, M. (2001). Principles and methods of environmental management. Publish by Congere. Tehran.(In Farsi)
5
Bahreyni, S.h. & Maknoon, R. (2001). Sustainable Urban Development from Mind to Action. Journal of Environmental Studies, 27, 41-60.
6
Brent Lackey, S. Freshwater, D. & Rupasingha, A. (2002). Factors Influencing Local Government Cooperation in Rural Areas: Evidence from the Tennessee Valley. Economic Development Quarterly, 16 (2), 138-154.
7
Chambers, J. & Blackburn, W. (1996). The scope for effective local participation in the economic development and planning of rural areas and regions. Washington, U.S.A.
8
Ericson, Jenny A. (2004). A participatory approach to conservation in the cala kmul Biosphere Reserve. Campeche, Mexico, Landscape urban planning.
9
10. Es’haghi, S.R., Rezaei, R., Hedjazi, S.Y., Gholami, H. & Ghadimi, A. (2012). Analysis of Effective Communicative and Information Factors on Attracting Public Participation in Conservation of Natural Resources in Zanjan Province, Iran. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 3 (3), 584-593.
10
11. Fisher, M.R. (1994). On the Road from Environmental Racism to Environmental Justice. Villanova Environmental Law Journal, 5, 449.
11
12. Forests, Range & Watershed Management Organization of Iran. (2013). Natural Resources and Watershed Management Plan in 1404. Office of Planning and Budget, Publication by Pone. (In Farsi)
12
13. IUCN/UNEP/WWF (1980). World Conservation Strategy Living Resource Conservation for Sustainable Development. Switzerland: IUCN.
13
14. Khadka, D. & Nepal, S.K. (2010). Local Responses to Participatory Conservation in Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Journal of Environmental Management, 45, 351–362.
14
15. Krywkow, J. & Hare, M. (2008). Participatory process management. International Congress on Environmental Modeling and Software, EMSs, pp. 888-899.
15
16. Langrodi, H. & Sakhaie, F. (2009). Public participation and rural underdevelopment in rural Solgi of Nahavand city. Journal of Human Geography, 70, 111-128. (In Farsi)
16
17. Makhdoum, M.F. (2001). Fundamental of Landuse Planning. 4th Edition. Tehran: Tehran University Publication. (In Farsi)
17
18. Moghadam, H. (1991). Participation in Rural Development, Sociology of Development Conference, publication by Samt, Tehran. (In Farsi)
18
19. Okly, P. & Maresden, D. (1991). Participatory approaches in rural development, translation Mansour Mahmoudnejad, Publication by Research Center of Rural Affairs, Tehran.(In Farsi)
19
20. Pilot Environmental Performance Index (2006). Global Metrics for the Environment (The Environmental Performance Index ranks countries’ performance on high-priority environmental issues). www.epi.yale.edu
20
21. Porkhabaz, A. (2002). The major environmental disturbances century. Publication by Nashr.(In Farsi)
21
22. Richardson, T. (2005). Environmental assessment and planning theory: four short stories about power, multiple rationality, and ethics. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 25, 341-365.
22
23. Sheikhhasani, GH. (2010). The role of social and economic participation of villagers in rural development projects Case Study: Nesa Village. Journal of Land Geography, 7(28), 109-125.(In Farsi)
23
24. Stevens, M.R., Berke, P.R. & Song.Y. (2010). Public Participation in Local Government Review of Development Proposals in Hazardous Locations: Does it Matter, and What Do Local Government Planners Have to Do with It? Journal of Environmental Management, 45, 320–335.
24
25. Talley, J. L., Schneider, J., & Lindquist, E. (2016). A simplified approach to stakeholder engagement in natural resource management: the Five-Feature Framework. Ecology and Society 21(4):38.
25
26. The Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). (2000), Strategic Environmental Assessment in South Africa: Guideline Document,Department of Environmental Affairs andTourism, Pretoria.
26
27. The Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT). (2004), Strategic Environmental Assessment; Integrated Environmental Management, Information Series 10, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT), Pretoria.
27
28. Vari, A. (2004). International Water resources association Water international. Hungarian Academy Of Sciences Hungary, 29(3).
28
Veisi, H. (2007). Barriers to public participation in environmental protection. Conference on Systems Engineering, Planning and Environmental Management. Tehran. (In Farsi
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی راهکارهای مدیریت ریسک خشکسالی کشاورزی در استان لرستان با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی فازی
یکی از بحرانهای فراروی کشاورزی ایران، خشکسالی میباشد و شناسایی راهکارهای مدیریت ریسک این معضل، یک ضرورت بهشمار میآید. هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی راهکارهای مدیریت ریسک خشکسالی کشاورزی به روش دلفی فازی میباشد که از طریق، ترکیبی از روش کمی و کیفی انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری پژوهش، خبرگان کلیدی مشتمل بر مدیران و متخصصان مرتبط با موضوع فعال در سازمانهای دولتی استان لرستان بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری هدفمند زنجیرهایی 20 نفر از آنان بهعنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. این پژوهش از مدل چرخه ریسک و بحران ویلهایت بهره گرفته است که در آن راهکارهای مدیریت ریسک در سه دسته "کاهش"، "برنامهریزی"و "پایش و پیشبینی"، جای میگیرند. نتایج نشان داد که مهمترین اولویت در گام کاهش، توسعه آبخیزداری و آبخوانها؛ در گام برنامهریزی، تهیه و اجرای طرح آمایش سرزمین و در گام پایش و پیشبینی، ایجاد سیستمهای هشداردهنده است. تدوین طرح آمایش سرزمین، اصلاح الگوی کشت، تعامل با نهادهای مرتبط بین المللی و منطقه ای با هدف تقویت سیستم های هشدار دهنده و پایش خشکسالی، تربیت و آموزش مستمر به کارگزاران مربوطه، پیشنهاد می شود.
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_75326_c73136ade4f33b5804e04368106949fa.pdf
2020-03-20
65
79
10.22059/ijaedr.2019.252337.668568
خشکسالی کشاورزی
مدیریت ریسک
تکنیک دلفی فازی
لرستان
سمیه
رومیانی
s.romiyani94@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
AUTHOR
سعید
غلامرضایی
sgholamrezai@gmail.com
2
استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
مهدی
رحیمیان
rahimian.m@lu.ac.ir
3
استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
AUTHOR
محسن
عارف نژاد
arefmohsen2@gmail.com
4
استادیار، گروه مدیریت ، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اداری، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
AUTHOR
Akrami, M., Fatehi Maraj, A., & Barkhordari, G. (2015). Evaluation of agricultural agricultural drought vulnerability in dry and semi-arid climates using GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP): A Case Study of Yazd Taft Township. 5(20): 107-115 (In Farsi).
1
Amiri Yarahmadi, B., Dizavandi Sabet, L. & Nemati, J. (2004). Drought and water crisis management solutions in Lorestan province. Proceedings of Lorestan Province Meteorological Services. (In Farsi).
2
Amirkhani, S., Chizari, M., & Hossini, S.M. (2010). Investigating the Factors Affecting the Type of Farm Management in Drought (A Case Study of Wheat Farmers in Varamin County). Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 2(43), 2-23. (In Farsi).
3
Asadi Nalivan,O., Rostamikhalaj,M., Mohseni Saravi,M.& Sour,A. (2015) "Prioritization of watershed management in watershed using TOPSIS method (case study: Zeidht-Taleghan). Journal of Watershed Management. (12), 94-107. (In Farsi).
4
Azar, A. & Faraji, H. (2002). Fuzzy management science, Tehran, Ejtema Publication, First ed, Tehran, Iran p 48 (In Farsi).
5
Carrão, H., Naumann,G &Barbosa,P. (2016). Mapping global patterns of drought risk : An empirical framework based on sub-national estimates of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 39, 108–124.
6
Cavatassia, R., Lipperb, L., & Narlochc, N. (2011). Modern variety adoption and risk management in drought prone areas: insights from the sorghum farmers of eastern Ethiopia, Agricultural Economics, 42, 279–292.
7
Chisadza, B., J. Tumbare, M., Nhapi, I. & R. Nyabeze, W. (2013), "Useful traditional knowledge indicators for drought forecasting in the Mzingwane Catchment area of Zimbabwe", Disaster Prevention and Management, Vol. 22 No. 4, pp. 312-325. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-10-2012-0109
8
Fatehi Maraj, A., & Hosseini Husseinabad, F. (2012). Dairy Diversity Management Program for Pilot
9
10. Gholami, M., Ali Beygi, A. M., & Savari, M. (2015). Phenomenology of farmers' perception of drought (Case study: Sarpol-e Zahab city). Iranian Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 46(3), 439-456. (In Farsi).
10
11. Gravity, P., & Ali Beygi, A. M. (2011). Identification of agricultural risk management determinants: A survey of farmers in Kermanshah. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Research, 46(3): 439-456 (In Farsi).
11
12. IPCC, 2014 - Climate Change. (2014) Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (Eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp.
12
13. IPCC. (2014a). Climate change: synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III.
13
14. IPCC. (2014b). Climate change: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: Global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
14
15. Jafari, F., Shaban Ali Fami, H., & Daneshvar Ameri, J. (2015). Investigating and analyzing the amount of drought-response operations by Farmers of Tarom Province, Iran, Economic Research and Development, 46(1), 42-35. (In Farsi).
15
16. Jia, H. & Pan, .D (2016). Drought Risk Assessment in Yunnan Province of China Based on Wavelet Analysis. Advances in Meteorology, Volume 2016, Article ID 1579415, 10 pages .avalible in: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1579415.
16
17. Keshavarz, M., & Karami, E. (2014). Farmers decision making process under drought, Journal of Arid Environments. 108C (2014) 43–56.
17
18. Pittman, J., Wittrock, V., & Wheaton, E. (2011). Vulnerability to climate change in rural Saskatchewan: Case study of the Rural Municipality of Rudy No. 284, Journal of Rural Studies. 27(1), 83- 94.
18
19. Reed, .M.S., Podesta G. P.& Fazey, I. (2013). Combining analytical frameworks to assess livelihood vulnerability to climate change and analyse adaptation options, Ecological Economics 94:66-77,
19
20. Rezaei, R. (2012). Identifying and analysing the drought mitigation strategies in Zanjan rural areas agriculture Jihad experts’ viewpoint. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research. 43(2). 125-134 (In Farsi).
20
21. Santos J. R, Pagsuyoin, S. T., Herrera, L. C., Tan, R. R., &Yu, K. D. (2014). Analysis of drought risk management strategies using dynamic inoperability input–output modeling and event tree analysis. Published online: Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014. Environment Systems and Decision. 34, 492–506.
21
22. Sayers, P.B., Yuanyuan, L., Moncrieff, C., Jianqiang, L., Tickner, D., Gang, L., & Speed, R. (2017). Strategic drought risk management: eight ‘golden rules’ to guide a sound approach. International Journal of River Basin Management, 1(17), 239-255.
22
23. Sheikh Hasani, H. (2015). Drought, Dehydration, Risk Management, Crisis and Strategies. National Conference on Water Ways in Iran and the Middle East. Retrieved from: https://www.civilica.com/Paper-waterconf01-waterconf01_211.html (In Farsi).
23
24. Sobhani nasab, Y. (2009). Ecological, Socio-Economic Impact of Drought. Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Water and Drought, Islamic Azad University of Rasht. 779-79. Retrieved from: https://www.civilica.com/Paper-RCWCD01-RCWCD01_134.html (In Farsi).
24
25. Solh, M., & Ginkel, M.van. (2014). Drought preparedness and drought mitigation in the developing world׳s drylands. Weather and Climate Extremes. 3, 62-66.
25
26. Tavakoli, J., Almasi, E., & Quchi, P. (2015). Investigation and Analysis of Drought Adjustment Strategies in Kermanshah Province, Rural Studies, 7(1), 142-47. (In Farsi).
26
27. Towler, E., & Lazrus, H. (2016). Increasing the usability of drought information for risk management in the Arbuckle Simpson Aquifer, Oklahoma, and National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2016.06.003 28. UNDP. (2012). Drought Risk Management: Practitioner's Perspectives from Africa and Asia. Retrieved from://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/environment-energy/sustainable_land_management/drought-risk-management-from-africa-and-asia.html 29. UNESCO. (2016). Drought risk management, A strategic approach. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, place de Fontenoy, Paris, France.
27
30. Wilhite, D. A. (2016). Drought -management policies and preparedness plans: changing the paradigm from crisis to risk management. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA Land Restoration.
28
31. Wilhite, D. A. & Vanyarkho, O. (2000). Drought Pervasive impacts of a creeping phenomenon. Drought a Global Assessment.In: Donald A. Wilhite, Drought: A Global Assessment, Vol. I, pp. 245–255
29
32. Wilhite D. A., Sivakumar M. V.K. & Pulwartyc R. (2014). Managing drought risk in a changing climate: The role of national drought policy, Weather and Climate Extremes,Volume 3, June 2014, 4-13
30
World Bank. (2016). World development indicators. Retrieved from:: https://data.worldbank.org/products/wdi
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تحلیل چالشهای پیش روی سازمانهای غیردولتی برای مشارکت در سیاستگذاری توسعه کشاورزی
هدف کلی تحقیق حاضر بررسی چالشهای پیش روی سازمانهای غیردولتی بخش کشاورزی در سیاستگذاری توسعه کشاورزی بود. جامعه آماری تحقیق متشکل از کارشناسان حرفهای سازمانهای نظام مهندسی کشاورزی و منابعطبیعی استانی برابر با 349 نفر بود. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، 97 نفر محاسبه گردید که با در نظر گرفتن 15 درصد برای بیپاسخها و یا پاسخهای نامطلوب، مقدار آن به 112 نفر افزایش یافت. نمونهگیری به روش دو مرحلهای ساده تصادفی انجام شد. ابزار جمعآوری دادهها پرسشنامهای بود که اعتبار صوری و محتوایی آن، توسط اساتید و متخصصان ذیربط مورد تایید قرار گرفت. برای سنجش میزان پایایی پرسشنامه از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد که بهترتیب مقادیر بهدست آمده برای بخش مربوط به میزان مشارکت در فرآیند سیاستگذاری 92/0 و برای بخش مربوط به چالشها 78/0، حاکی از مناسب بودن ابزار تحقیق بود. نتایج تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی نشان داد که چالشهای پیش روی سازمانهای غیردولتی در سیاستگذاری توسعه کشاورزی در سه عامل "برون سازمانی"، "شکاف ارتباطی" و "درون سازمانی" شناسایی شدند که اهم این چالشها معطوف به عوامل برون سازمانی بوده و بیشتر منحصر به قوانین و مقررات سازمانهای غیردولتی بود.
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_75325_32dc3b42b00d95c023452983d71b9bd0.pdf
2020-03-20
81
93
10.22059/ijaedr.2019.118674.667914
"سازمانهای غیردولتی"
"سیاستگذاری"
"توسعه کشاورزی"
رسول
لوایی آدریانی
lavaeirasool68@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی دکتری توسعه کشاورزی، گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
خلیل
کلانتری
khkalan@ut.ac.ir
2
استاد گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
علی
اسدی
aasadi@ut.ac.ir
3
استاد گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
Adaryani, L, R. (2014). Investigating the Mechanisms of Improving Agricultural Sector NGOs Role in Agricultural Development Policy-making.MSc thesis in Rural Development. University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources. University of Tehran. (In Farsi).
1
Blair, H. (1997). Donors, Democratization and Civil Society: Relating theory to practice. State and Donors, New York, Martins Press.
2
Effati, M. (1992). NGOs Recognition: A Designing of conceptual effective management model for resources through NGOs Participation. Extension and Public participation bureau, organization of forest and pasture. (In Farsi).
3
FAO. (1999). FAO’s policy and strategy for collaboration with NGO’s and Civil society organizations. Translated by Balan, A and Almasi, Z. A. Tehran. Research and arrangement programs bureau, vice of extension and exploitation system. (In Farsi)
4
Hair, J, F., William, C., Black, B. J., Babin, & Rolph E. Anderson. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
5
United Nations Economic and Social Council, (1996). 1996/31 Resolution, E .section: 8.
6
Mirzaei, Kh. (2011). The Practicalmethod ofEssay. Tehran: Jameh shenasan Publication. (In Farsi)
7
NED. (2012). The role of Non-Governmental Organizations As a promoter of public policy in Moldova. Policy Association for an Open Society.
8
Saeedi, A. (2004). Governments and Iranian woman NGOs, (searching for optimized collaboration). Woman Research Journal. 3(3), 58-27. (In Farsi).
9
10. Saeedi, M. R. (2002). NGOs participation in middle time development program. Cultural research book. No: 6, 129-150. (In Farsi).
10
Scholte, J. A. (2005). Civil Society and Democratically Accountable Global Governance. ]n :David Held and Mathias Koenig-Archibugi (eds). Global Governance and Public Accountability. Oxford: Blackwell
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی نقش مهارتهای ارتباطات بینفردی بر عملکرد آموزشی اعضای هیأتعلمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابعطبیعی ساری
مهارتهای ارتباطات بینفردی یکی از مهمترین عوامل تأثیرگذار بر عملکرد آموزشی اعضای هیأت علمی قلمداد میشود. بستر ارتباطی مناسب، زمینه را برای انتقال بهتر مفاهیم و اطلاعات فراهم میکند. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل تمام اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه بود (120N=) که با استفاده از نمونهگیری در دسترس، 98 نفر برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی پژوهش، پرسشنامهای محقق ساخته بود که روایی آن توسط جمعی از متخصصان و اعضای هیأتعلمی گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران و پایایی آن با محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSS نسخه 18، انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد، اعضای هیأت علمی مورد مطالعه، در طبقه مهارتهای ارتباطات بینفردی بالا قرار گرفتهاند و میزان ضریب همبستگی بین مهارتهای ارتباطات بینفردی با عملکرد آموزشی پاسخگویان، 313/0 میباشد که بیانگر ارتباط مثبت و معنادار بالا بین مهارتهای ارتباطات بینفردی اعضای هیأت علمی مورد مطالعه با عملکرد آموزشی آنها است. در نهایت، پیشنهادها و راهکارهایی در جهت کمک به برنامهریزان نظام آموزش عالی کشاورزی ارایه گردید.
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_75324_341cd72d087289925ffc1cde5f2b359b.pdf
2020-03-20
95
107
10.22059/ijaedr.2018.111155.667847
مهارتهای ارتباطات بینفردی
عملکرد آموزشی
اعضای هیأت علمی
فاطمه
اسکوهی
f.oskouhi@yahoo.com
1
دانشجوی دکتری آموزش کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
حمید
موحدمحمدی
hmovahed@ut.ac.ir
2
استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
احمد
رضوانفر
arezvan@ut.ac.ir
3
استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
1- Abdi, H., Mirshahjafari, S.A., & Nasr. A. (2010). Investigation of The relationship between quality of assessment of self-assessment of Faculty members and quality of Assessment of Students in Public universities of Isfahan University. Journal of the Association for Higher Education, 3(1), 127-149. (In Farsi)
1
2- Alexandro, F. (1994). Teaching and service standandards, measures and procedures. Available at: http://www.engr. Washington.edu/acadaff/teaching-stds.html.
2
3- Alizadeh, F. (2005). Investigation of the factors of related to Educational-Research performance of Faculty members of Faculty of Medicine- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Master's thesis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences at Tehran University. (In Farsi).
3
4- Anbari Z, Godarzi D, Siros A, & Mahdian F. (2012). Design, Implementation & Evaluation of an Educational Program on Improving the Communication Skills with Patient based on WHO in Interns. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 11(8): 915-916. (In Farsi)
4
5- Andalib, B. & Ahmadi, Gh. (2007). The Level of Applying criteria of effective teaching In terms of students in the academic year 2006-2007, Journal of Science and Research In Educational Sciences, 15, 67-82. (In Farsi).
5
6- Basaran, M. A., Kalayc, N. & Atay, M. T. (2011). A novel hybrid method for better evaluation: Evaluating university instructors teaching performance by combining conventional content analysis with fuzzy rule based systems. Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 12565-12568.
6
7- Bazargan, A. (2004). Educational Evaluation (concepts, models and operational processes). Tehran. SAMT Publications. (In Farsi).
7
8- Ellis, R. (1993). Quality assurance for university teaching: Issuse and approaches, In Ellis, R. (Ed.), Quality assurance for university teaching. Bristol: Open university press.
8
9- Gharoun, M,(1994). The Role of Education in economic growth, The Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 5 , 97-122. (In Farsi)
9
10- Goharian, V, Khafami, Z. Yamani, N. Omidifar, N. & Safaei, M. (2005). Comparative Evaluation of Educational performance of Professor of surgery by Residents with Self Evaluation Professors. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 5(1), 62-90 (In Farsi).
10
11- McDonald, B. & Boud, D. (2003). The Impact of Self-assessment on Achievement: The effects of self-assessment training on performance in external examinations. Assessment in Education, 10(2), 209-220.
11
12- Moghadam, M. (2001). A comparison of self-assessment and evaluation of students from performance of Faculty members in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences In the first semester of 2000. PhD thesis, University of Medical Sciences. (In Farsi)
12
13- Mohammadi, B. Valizadeh, S & Lakdizaji, S. (2011). Impact of education on knowledge, attitude and performance of Nursing and Midwifery Instructors in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in the field of clinical teaching behaviors. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 3(1), 61-69. (In Farsi).
13
14- Mohammadi, D. (2010). Principles of Management Organization, Second edition, Aeezh Publication. (In Farsi)
14
15- Murray, H. (1980). Evaluation university teaching: A review of research. Toronto: Ontario confederation of university faculty associations.
15
16- Niazazari, K., Madah, M. & Amouei, F. (2008). Survey of the Level of Efficiency Azad university professors in classroom management. The Journal of Leadership and Educational Management, 2(2), 147-164. (In Farsi).
16
17- Nobel, J., Arthur, C., & Bertha, L. (1992). Faculty productivity and costs. A multivariate analysis. Evaluation Review, 16(3), 2888-314.
17
18- Oskouhi, F. Movahedmohammadi, H. & Rezvanfar, A. (2013). Investigating the role of Interpersonal Communication Skills on Educational and Research Performance of Faculty members in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran (InFarsi).Paulsen, M. B. (2004). Evaluation teaching performance. New Direction Research, 114.
18
19- Ramli, N., Mohammad, D. & Sulaiman, N. H. (2010). Evaluation of Teaching Performance with Outliers Data using Fuzzy Approach. CYBERLENINKA OPEN SCIENCE HUB, 8, 190-197.
19
20- Ramsden, P. & Moses, I. (1992). Association between research and teaching in Australian higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 23)1(, 273-295.
20
22- Sarmast, B. (2010). Communication skills in the organization. Journal of Business and Society.123 and 124, 36-46. (In Farsi).
21
23- Seyf, A.A. (2003). Measurement, assessment and evaluation of training. Third edition, Tehran, Doran Publication (In Farsi)
22
24- Seyf, A.A. (2005). Measurement, assessment and evaluation of training. (Seventeenth Printing, Third Edition), Tehran: Doran Publication. (In Farsi).
23
25-Sharifian, F. (2005). Investigation and explanation of Effective Teaching Indicators in Higher Education Institutions and its Accomplishment in Isfahan University. Master's thesis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University. (In Farsi)
24
26-Timpson, W. & Andrew, D. (1997). Rethinking student Evaluation and Improvement of Teaching: Instruments for change at the University of Queensland. Studies in Higher Education, 22)1(, 55-65.
25
27-University of Central Florida. (2006). Faculty performance assessment plan. Available at: http://www.ccd.edu/hr/img/pdf/facperfass essment-Nov-2006.pdf. 2(5): 103-108, Available online at: http://www. academicJournals.org/ERR.
26
28-Western Kentucky University. (2006). Faculty member performance appraisal, a process for continuous improvement of faculty, student and organizational learning. Available at: http://www.ccd.edu/hr/img/pdf/facperfAppraizall-Nov-2006.pdf
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی آسیبپذیری ریسک زنجیره تأمین درکسبوکارهای کشاورزی (گلخانهداران استان همدان)
امروزه محققان به بررسی زنجیره تأمین در بخش کشاورزی تأکید ویژه دارند و معتقدند که زنجیره تأمین، عامل کلیدی برای تداوم مزیت رقابتی محصولات تولیدشده کشاورزان در بازار است. بنابراین، هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی آسیبپذیری ریسک زنجیره تأمین در کسبوکارهای کشاورزی (گلخانهداران) استان همدان بود. پژوهش حاضر، با رویکرد کیفی و به روش تئوری زمینهای انجام شد. ابزار پژوهش، مصاحبههای عمیق نیمهساختاریافته بود. با بهرهگیری از روش تئوری زمینهای، دادههای حاصل از مصاحبههای انجامشده با 14 نفر از گلخانهداران استان همدان، طی سه مرحله کدگذاری باز (اولیه)، محوری و گزینشی (انتخابی) مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. کدهای باز، شامل40 مفهوم و کدهای محوری نیز شامل 49 مقوله عمده بود که در نهایت، به چهار گروه مقوله گزینشی: ریسک تولید محصول، تأمین نهاده، توزیع محصول و مشتری در قالب ریسکهای داخلی و خارجی برای هرکدام شناسایی گردید. در این مطالعه، ریسک تولید محصول (ریسکهای داخلی و خارجی) بهعنوان کد محوری در الگوی تئوری زمینهای شناسایی شد. بنابراین، با توجه به یافتههای این پژوهش موارد ذیل پیشنهاد میشود: طراحی رویکرد کاربردی جهت مدیریت ریسک و ارزیابی میزان آسیبپذیری زنجیره تأمین.
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_75328_b5d54625d7af950637c342d179beb818.pdf
2020-03-20
109
131
10.22059/ijaedr.2019.282587.668766
" آسیب های بخش کشاورزی"
"بازار فروش"
"بحران"
مرجان
سپه پناه
m.sepahpanah@agr.basu.ac.ir
1
دانشجوی دکتری گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان
AUTHOR
احمد
یعقوبی فرانی
yaghoubi@basu.ac.ir
2
استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان
LEAD_AUTHOR
یاسر
محمدی
y.mohammadi@basu.ac.ir
3
استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان
AUTHOR
Ahmed, G., Hamrick, D., Guinn,A., Abdulsamad, A., & Gereffi, G. (2013). Wheat Value Chains and Food Security in the Middle East and North Africa Region. Center on Globalization, Governance and Competitiveness, Duke University.
1
Aghajani, H.A. & Maleki, M. (2012). Presenting a framework for supply chain performance evaluation using an integrated BSC-AHP approach. Journal of Operational Research in Its Applications, 9 (3), 1-11 (In Farsi).
2
Adger, N. (2006). Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 16 (3), 268–28.
3
Aimin, H. (2010). Uncertainty, Risk Aversion and Risk Management in Agricultural. Journal of Agriculture andScience Procedia, 1, 152-156.
4
Behzadi, G., O’Sullivan, M. J., Olsen, T. L., & Zhang, A. (2018). Agribusiness supply chain risk management: A review of quantitative decision models. Omega, 79, 21-42.
5
Blackhurst, J., Dunn, K. S., & Craighead, C. W. (2011). An empirically derived framework of global supply resiliency. Journal of Business Logistics, 32(4), 374-391.
6
Bellu, L.G. (2013). Value chain analysis for policy making. Methodological guidelines and county cases for a quantitative approach. FAO, EASYPOL, series 128, Retrieve, page: 172.
7
Business Continuity Institute, (2011). Supply chain resilience. 3rd Annual Survey, Published November 2011. An international survey supported by the chartered institute of purchasing & supply. Sponsored by Zurich.
8
Bohle, H.G. (2001). Vulnerability and Criticality: Perspectives from Social geography", IHDP update 2/2001, Newsletter of the International Human Dimensions Program on Global Environmental Change: 1-10
9
Colin, M., Galindo, R., & Hernández, O. (2015). Information and communication technology as a key strategy for efficient supply chain management in manufacturing SMEs. Procedia Computer Science, 55, 833-842.
10
Chopra, S. & Meindel, P. (2007). Supply chain management strategy, planning and operation. 3ed. 1. Pearson prentice hall: 536.
11
Chandrasekaran, N. & Raghuram, G. (2014). Agribusiness supply chain management. CRC Press.
12
Dini, F & Andika, A. (2016). Supply Chain Risk Management in the Indonesian Flavor Industry: Case Study from a Multinational Flavor Company in Indonesia. (eds). Proceedings of International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
13
Emana, B & Nigussie, M. (2011). Potato value chain analysis and development in Ethiopia case of Tigray and SNNP regions. American people through the United States agency for international development. P. 71.
14
Eshraghisaman, M., Fakhrmojahedi, A & Charagi, M.A. (2015). Efective Factors Contributing to the Non-Repayment of Keshavarzi bank Facilities by Farmers Case: Ilam County. Space Economics and Rural Development Journal, 4 (12), 71-91 (In Farsi).
15
FAO. (2016). Agriculture and food insecurity risk management in Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome, Italy.
16
Farley, K.A., Tague, C. & Grant, G.E. (2011). Vulnerability of water supply from the Oregon Cascades to changing climate: Linking science to users and policy. Global Environmental Change 21(1), 110-122.
17
Girdžiūtė, L. (2012). Risks in agriculture and opportunities of their integrated evaluation. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 62, 783-790.
18
Gava, O., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G., & Galli, F. (2014). Sustainability of local versus global bread supply chains: a literature review. (eds). Proceedings of Conference “Feeding the Planet and Greening Agriculture: Challenges and opportunities for the bio-economy.25-27 June, 2014 Alghero, Italy
19
Ghadge, A., Fang, X., Dani, S. & Antony, J. (2017), Supply chain risk assessment approach for process quality risks, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 34 (6), 3-31.
20
Golmohammadi, F., & Nozari, M.H. (2015). Studying obstacles and working methods for development and extension greenhouse cultivations in Zabol city. International Conference on Sustainable Development With a focus on Agriculture, Environment and Tourism. 16- 17 September 2015, Tabriz, Iran. (In Farsi).
21
Hasheminezhad, A; Ghanian, M; Abdshahi, A & Khosravipoor, B. (2018). Assessment of Wheat Production Related Risks in the Bread Supply Chain of Khuzestan Province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 2-49(3); 439-459 (In Farsi).
22
Hajmirzajan, A., Pirayesh, M & Dehghanian, F. (2015). Developing a Supply Chain Planning Model for Perishable Crops. Production and Operations Management, 6(1): 35-60.
23
Hosseinzadeh, J., & Alfi, K.H. (2015). Simultaneous evaluation of technical efficiency and potato production risk in Ardabil province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 47(3); 589-597. (In Farsi).
24
Irvani, M. (2008). Study of relationship between supply chain vulnerability factor and supply chain risks, Master's Thesis, Faculty of Engineering and Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University. P. 20-2 (In Farsi).
25
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK; New York, NY, USA, 2001; Available online: http://www. grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/pdf/wg1_tar-front.pdf (accessed on 20 June 2016).
26
Juttner, U. (2005) Supply chain risk management: Understanding the business requirements from a practitioner perspective. International Journal of Logistics Management, 16(1), 120-141.
27
Hallikas, J., Urho pulkkinen, U., & karvonen, I. (2004). Risk management process in supplier network. International Journal of Production economics, 90, 47-58.
28
Kumar, S. K., & Tiwari, M. K. (2013). Supply chain system design integrated with risk pooling. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 64(2), 580-588.
29
Karthick. M & Manikandan. V. (2014). FAME based Quantification Analysis of Outbound Supplier Risk and its Resilience. Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: G Industrial Engineering, 14(1): 2-10.
30
Kleindorfer, R. & Saad, H. (2005). Managing Disruption Risks in Supply Chains. Production and Operations Management, 14(1), 53–68.
31
Li, S. & Zeng, W. (2016). Risk analysis for the supplier selection problem using failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 27(6), 1309–1321.
32
Leat, P., & Revoredo-Giha, C. (2013). Risk and resilience in agri-food supply chains: the case of the ASDA PorkLink supply chain in Scotland. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 18(2), 219-231.
33
Mojarad, A; Salarpoor, M & Sabohi, M. (2013). Supply chain management of tomato paste in Northern Khorasan province. Agricultural Economics Research, 5(4), 61-78 (In Farsi).
34
Mollahosseini, A & Jabarzadeh, B. (2011). Study of effect of risk, value and price awareness on the tendency to buy gray market goods in Kerman province. New marketing research, 1(1), 1-22. (In Farsi).
35
Miri, M; Sharifzadeh, M.SH; Abdollahzadeh, GH.M & Abedisarvestani, A. (2017). An Analysis of Supply Chain in Agriculture Sector: Case of Strawberry Production in Ramian County, Golestan Province. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Agriculture. 4(3); 1-16 (In Farsi).
36
Mohammadpoor, A. (2013). Qualitative research method of anti-methodology (logic and design in qualitative methodology). 2 Ed, Tehran, Sociology Publishers (In Farsi).
37
Musa, S.N. (2012). Supply Chain Risk Management: Identification, Evaluation and Mitigation Techniques. Linköping Studies in Science and Technology, Dissertations, No. 1459.
38
Naude, W., Santos-Paulino, A. U., & McGillivray, M. (2014). Measuring vulnerability in developing countries: New analytical approaches. London: Routledge.
39
Pournader, M; Kach, A; Najmaei, A & Keblis, M. (2014). Identifying drivers of supply chain vulnerability: An integrative framework. Technology, Innovation and Supply Chain Management Conference December, 2014; 2-25.
40
Ponomarov, S. Y., & Holcomb, M. C. (2009). Understanding the concept of supply chain resilience. International Journal of Logistics Management, 20(1), 124-143.
41
Rasekhjahromi, A & Abedi, F. (2011). The Study of relationship between agricultural exports and economic growth &development during 1355-1388. Economic Growth and Development Research, 1(2); 95-112. (In Farsi).
42
Raskin, P., Banuri, T., Gallopin, G., Gutman, P., Hammond, A., Kates, R. & Swart, R. (2002). Great Transition: The Promise and Lure of the Times Ahead, Boston, MA, USA, Global Scenario Group, Stockholm Environment Institute. http://www.tellus.org/seib/publications/Great Transitions.pdf.
43
Svensson, G. (2002). Vulnerability scenarios in marketing channels. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 7 (5), 322-333.
44
Sawik, T. (2014). On the robust decision-making in a supply chain under disruption risks. International Journal of Production Research, 52(22), 6760-6781.
45
Samadi, M., & Mohammadi, M. (2016). Identification and Prioritization of Risk Factors in Green Supply Chain Management Using Fuzzy Hierarchy Process Analysis Process Case study: Pars Khodro Co. Second International Conference on Logistics and Supply Chain Managers, Tehran, Center for Applied Information Development. www.civilica.com/Paper-SCLO02-SCLO02_029.html (In Farsi).
46
Salsali, M; Fakhrmojahedi, A & Charagi, M.A. (2017). Theorizing in Medical Sciences (Philosophy and Applied Principles). Tehran University of Medical Sciences (In Farsi).
47
Shemshadiyazdi, K. (2015). Analyzing the Supply Chain (Supply and Supply) of Greenhouse Products and Providing Reform Reforms Case Study: Tomatoes and Cucumbers. Research project of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute for Planning Research, Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 106. (In Farsi).
48
Sharma, S.H., & Pratap, R. (2013). A case study of risk prioritization using FMEA method. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(10), 1-4.
49
Shakeribostanabad, R., Rafiei, H & Hajimirza, H. (2019). Investigating the Role of Risk Grouping in Analyzing the Effects of Government Policies on the Cultivation Pattern of Nahavand and Bahar in Hamedan Province. Iran Agricultural Economics and Development Research. (2-49)4: 607-619. (In Farsi).
50
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
51
Tripathy, S., Aich, S., Chakraborty, A., & Lee, G.M. (2016). Information technology is an enabling factor affecting supply chain performance in Indian SMEs: A structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Modelling in Management, 11(1): 269-287.
52
Turner, B. L., Kasperson, R. E., Matsone, P. A., McCarthyf, J. J., Corell, R. W., Christensene, L., & Schillerb, A. (2003). A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(14), 8074-8079.
53
Tsolakis, N. K., Keramydas, G. A., Toka, A. K., Aidonis, D. A, & Iakovou, E. T. (2013). Agrifood supply chain management: A comprehensive hierarchical decision-making framework and a critical taxonomy. Biosystems Engineering Journal,.120(2), 47-64.
54
Van der Vorst, J. (2002), Identifying sources of uncertainty to generate Supply chain redesigns strategies. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 33, 409–430.
55
Wagner, S. M., & Neshat, N. (2010). Assessing the vulnerability of supply chains using graph theory. International Journal of Production Economics, 126(1), 121-129.
56
Waters, D. (2011). Supply Chain Risk Management: Vulnerability and Resilience in Logistics, Kogan Page Publishers, London and Philadelphia.
57
Zecca, F., & Rastorgueva, N. (2014). Supply chain management and sustainability in agri-food system: Italian evidence. Journal of Nutritional Ecology and Food Research, 2(1), 20-28.
58
Zhao, S., & Yang, X. (2013). Food Safety Risk Assessment in whole food supply chain based on catastrophe model. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(12), 1557-1560
59
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تأثیر دیدگاه زمانی کشاورزان بر رفتار مدیریت ریسک خشکسالی آنان در حوضه پایاب سد کرخه
هدف این مطالعه، واکاوی تأثیر دیدگاه زمانی کشاورزان بر رفتار مدیریت ریسک خشکسالی در حوضه پایاب سد کرخه بود. این پژوهش از نوع پژوهشهای توصیفی ـ همبستگی و علّی ـ مقایسهای است که با استفاده از یک پیمایش انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه، کشاورزان عضو تعاونیهای آببران حوضه پایاب سد کرخه در استان خوزستان (3668=N) بودند که 350 نفر از آنها با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان و روش نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهای با انتساب متناسب، بهعنوان نمونه، انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش، پرسشنامهای بود که روایی آن توسط پانلی از متخصصان ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی به تأیید رسید و پایایی دسته گویههای آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرنباخ (92/0≤α≤79/0) محقق شد. یافتهها حاکی از آن بود که رفتار مدیریت ریسک کشاورزان در حد متوسطی است و بیشتر کشاورزان دیدگاه زمانی حالنگر دارند. همچنین، از منظر دیدگاه زمانی، بین کشاورزان با دیدگاه گذشتهنگر و سایرین (کشاورزان حالنگر و آیندهنگر) از منظر رفتار مدیریت ریسک خشکسالی تفاوت معنیداری وجود داشت و گروه گذشتهنگر رفتار ضعیفتری در این زمینه از خود بروز دادند. بر این اساس، بهعنوان یک راهبرد سیاستی در برنامهریزیهای مدیریت منابع آب، باید تغییر دیدگاه کشاورزان از گذشتهنگری بهسوی حالنگری و بهویژه آیندهنگری مد نظر قرار گیرد.
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_75329_9ac5d87e187a9efd5d0840906bdf4b9e.pdf
2020-03-20
133
148
10.22059/ijaedr.2019.284604.668783
مدیریت آب
ریسک
خشکسالی
دیدگاه زمانی
رفتار کشاورزان
مریم
نیسی
maryam.neisi@modares.ac.ir
1
دانشآموخته کارشناسیارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس،تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
مسعود
بیژنی
mbijani@modares.ac.ir
2
دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
عنایت
عباسی
enayatabbasi@modares.ac.ir
3
دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
حسین
محمودی
h-mahmoudi@sbu.ac.ir
4
استادیار، گروه اگرواکولوژی، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
Azadi, Y., Yazdanpanah, M., Forozani, M., & Mahmoudi, M. (2017). Investigating the adaptive behavior of dryland wheat growers facing climate change in Kermanshah County: By protection motivation theory. Journal of Agroecology, 7(2), 94-106. (In Farsi). Availibale at: http://www.jagroecology.ir/en/ManuscriptDetail?mid=16552
1
Bijani, M., & Hayati, D. (2011). Water Conflict in Agricultural System in Iran: A Human Ecological Analysis. Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2(2), 27-41. DOI: 10.9735/0976-9900.2.2.27-40
2
Bijani, M., Hayati, D., & Abdolvand, B. (2012). Agricultural Water Conflict in Doroodzan Dam Irrigation Network, Iran: The Opinion of Regional Water Experts. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 10(1), 59-78.
3
Bijani, M., & Hayati, D. (2013). Application of Environmental Attitudes toward Analyzing Water Conflict: The Case of Doroodzan Dam Irrigation Network. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 9(1), 83- 102. (In Farsi)
4
Bryan, E., Ringler, C., Okoba, B., Roncoli, C., Silvestri, S. & Herrero, M. (2011). Adapting agriculture to climate change in Kenya: household strategies and determinants. Journal of Environmental Management, 15(114), 26-35 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.036
5
Corral-Verdugo, V., Fraijo-Sing, B., & Pinheiro, J. Q. (2006). Sustainable behavior and time perspective: Present, past, and future orientations and their relationship with water conservation behavior. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 40(2), 139-147. Available at: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/rip/v40n2/v40n2a01.pdf
6
Delphian, F., Yazdanpanah, M., & Forozani, M. (2018). Investigating farmers’ behaviour management in drought period as prevention responses: the case of Dehloran district. Journal of Spacial Analysis, Environmental Hazards, 4(4), 72-92. (In Farsi). Available at: https://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2679-en.html
7
Elsawah, S., Mclucas, A., & Mazanov, J. (2013). Using a cognitive mapping approach to frame the perceptions of water users about managing water resources: a case study in the Australian Capital Territory. Water Resourorces Managagement, 27(9), 3441-3456. DOI: 10.1007/s11269-013-0357-5
8
Fallah Haghighi, N., Bijani, M., & Parhizkar, M. (2019). An analysis of major social obstacles affecting human resource development in Iran. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 29(3), 372-388. DOI: 10.1080/10911359.2018.1536577
9
10. García, J. A., & Ruiz, B. (2015). Exploring the role of time perspective in leisure choices: What about the balanced time perspective?. Journal of Leisure Research, 47(5), 515-537.
10
11. Ghazani, E. & Bijani, M. (2016). Application of Environmental Attitudes toward Analyzing Farmers’ Pro-Environmental Behavior in order to Soil Conservation (The Case of Rice Farmers in Central Part of Sari County). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 47(1), 81-91.
11
12. Haghighi, B., Boromand Nasab, S., & Naseri, A. A. (2016). The Effect of Different Irrigation Management Procedures on Irrigation Irrigation and Bandwidth Potato yield and water productivity. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 29(2), 181-193, Available at: http://wra.areo.ir/article_101669_815d2a1df4b417017c460cb40f3c72bf.pdf.
12
13. Harvey, M. G., & Miceli, N. (1999). Antisocial behavior and the continuing “tragedy of the commons”. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(1), 109-138
13
14. Ifinedo, P. (2012). Understanding information systems security policy compliance: an integration of the theory of planned behavior and the protection motivation theory. Computers & Security, 31(2012), 83-95. DOI:10.1016/j.cose.2011.10.007
14
15. Keshavarz, M., & Karami, E. (2016). Farmers' pro-environmental behavior under drought: Application of protection motivation theory. Journal of Arid Environments, 127(2016), 128-136. DOI:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.11.010
15
16. McKay, M. T., Worrell, F. C., Temple, E. C., Perry, J. L., Cole, J. C., & Mello, Z. R. (2015). Less is not always more: The case of the 36 item short form of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 72, 68-71.
16
17. Milfont, T. L., Wilson, J., & Diniz, P. (2012). Time perspective and environmental engagement: A meta‐analysis. International Journal of Psychology, 47(5), 325-334.
17
18. Mishra, A. K., & Singh, V. P. (2010). A review of drought concepts. Journal of Hydrology, 391(1-2), 202-216. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.012
18
19. Moradi, H., Bijani, M., Baradaran, M., Shaabanali Fami, H. & Ajili, A. (2012). Recognizing and Explaining the Professional Development Components of Effective Agricultural Extension Agents, Kermanshah Province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economic and Development Research, 43-2(1), 143-155. (In Farsi)
19
20. Nohegar, A., Ghashghaeizadeh, N., Heydarzadeh, M., Eydoon, M.R. & Panahi, M. (2017). Drought Evaluation and its Effect on Groundwater and Groundwater Resources (Case Study: Minab River Basin). Journal of Earth Science Researches, 7(27), 28-43.
20
21. Noorollah-noorivandi A., Ajili, A. Chizari, M. and Bijani, M. (2009). The Socio-economic Characteristics of Farmers Regarding Adoption of Sustainable Soil Management. Journal of Human Ecology, 27(3), 201-205. DOI: 10.1080/09709274.2009.11906211
21
22. Quiring, S. M. & Ganesh, S. (2010). Evaluating the utility of the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) for monitoring meteorological drought in Texas. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 150(3), 330-339. DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.11.015
22
23. Sadeghi, S. (2018). A Psychological Analysis of Farmers' Time Perspective towards the Use of Water Resources in the Eastern Area of Lake Urmia. M.Sc. Thesis. Department of Agricultural Extension and Education. Tarbiat Modares University. (Unpublished). (In Farsi)
23
24. Sadeghi, A., Bijani, M., & Farhadian, H. (2019). The Mediating Role of Farmers’ Time Perspective in Water Resources Exploitation Behaviour in the Eastern Area of Lake Urmia, Iran: An Environmental-Psychological Analysis. Water and Environment Journal, In press. DOI: 10.1111/wej.12510
24
25. Salehi, S. (2016). An environmental psychology analysis of influential factors groundwater resources sustainability behavior in Fars province. Ph.D Dissertation. Department of agricultural extension & education. Faculty of agriculture. Tarbiat Modares University. (Unpublished). (In Farsi)
25
26. Salehi, S., Chizari, M., Sadighi, H., & Bijani, M. (2017). Assessment of agricultural groundwater users in Iran: a cultural environmental bias. Hydrogeology Journal, 26(1), 285-295. DOI: 10.1007/s10040-017-1634-9
26
27. Sayers, P., Yuanyuan, L., Moncrieff, C., Jianqiang, L., Tickner, D., Xiangyu , X., Gang, L., Aihua, L., Speed, R., Bing, Q., Yu, W., & Pegram, G. (2016). Drought risk management, A strategic approach. Published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. UNESCO 2016. Paris, France.
27
28. Sircova, A., van de Vijver, F. J., Osin, E., Milfont, T. L., Fieulaine, N., Kislali-Erginbilgic, A., & Leite, U. D. R. (2014). A global look at time: A 24-country study of the equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Sage Open, January-March 2014, 1-12, DOI: 10.1177/2158244013515686
28
29. Valizadeh, N., & Bijani, M. (2017). Analysis of Affective Components on Environmental Aesthetics Attitude from the Viewpoint of Rural People in Miandoab Township. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economic and Development Research, 2-47(3), 719-730 (In Farsi)
29
30. Valizadeh, N., Bijani, M., Abbasi, E. & Ganguly, S. (2018). The Role of Time Perspective in Predicting Iranian Farmers' Participatory-based Water Conservation Attitude and Behavior. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 1-19. DOI:10.1080/10911359.2018.1485602
30
31. Valizadeh, N., Bijani, M., Hayati, D., & Fallah Haghighi, N. (2019). Social-Cognitive Conceptualization of Iranian Farmers' Water Conservation Behavior. Hydrogeology Journal, 27(4), 1131–1142. DOI: 10.1007/s10040-018-01915-8
31
32. Water Management Planning, Office of Water and Power Organization in Khuzestan Province. (2017). Drought Report in Khuzestan. Unpublished. (In Farsi)
32
33. Yazdanpanah, M., Hayati, D., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., & Zamani, G. H. (2014). Understanding farmers' intention and behavior regarding water conservation in the Middle-East and North Africa: a case study in Iran. Journal of Environmental Management, 135, 63-72. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.016
33
34. Zamani, A., Mortazavi, A. & Belali, H. (2015). Investigation of Water Performance in Various Crop Products in Spring Plain. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 28(1), 51-61. Available at: http://journals.areo.ir/article_101065.html
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی تأثیر ابعاد سرمایه انسانی بر بهرهوری واحدهای پرورش مرغ گوشتی (موردمطالعه: شهرستان اردبیل)
انسانها مولد ثروت هستند، مشروط بر اینکه جزء سرمایه انسـانی محسوب شوند. اساس نظریه سرمایه انسانی این است که علت تفاوتهای درآمدی افراد به خـاطر اختلاف در میزان بهرهوری آنها است. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی تأثیر ابعاد سرمایه انسانی بر بهرهوری واحدهای پرورش مرغ گوشتی است. این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- همبستگی و جامعه موردمطالعه تعداد 105 واحد پرورش مرغ گوشتی در شهرستان اردبیل است. بر اساس تمایل به همکاری و امکان انجام مصاحبه تعداد 30 واحد مرغداری پرورش مرغ گوشتی بهعنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای جمعآوری دادها از روش مصاحبه همراه با پرسشنامه استفادهشده است. در این پژوهش از پرسشنامه بهرهوری نیروی انسانی هرسی و گلداسمیت (2003) و از پرسشنامه بهرهوری نادری و ماری موتو (2009) بر اساس مقیاس لیکرت استفادهشده است. نتایج حاصل از برازش مدل رگرسیون نشان داد، ابعاد سرمایه انسانی بر بهرهوری واحدهای پرورش مرغ گوشتی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری دارند. در بین ابعاد سرمایه انسانی، بر اساس ضریب بتا بیشترین تأثیر را پیشینه دانشی بر بهرهوری دارد. مقدار ضریب تعیین بهدستآمده مدل نیز بیانگر توانایی مدل در تشریح رفتار متغیر وابسته توسط متغیر مستقل است.
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_75330_721bbd244acf9bd0c616c8dcbdf25cfa.pdf
2020-03-20
149
159
10.22059/ijaedr.2019.282983.668769
واژههای کلیدی: ابعاد سرمایه انسانی
بهرهوری
نظریه سرمایه انسانی
واحدهای پرورش مرغ گوشتی
ناصر
سیف اللهی
naser_seifollahi@yahoo.com
1
دانشیار گروه مدیریت و اقتصاد دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aminiand, A. & Mosalla, S. (2010). Role of Human Capital of Experience Type in Total Factor Productivity (Case Study of Iran's Large Industrial Workshops). Journal of Economic Research and Policies,19(57),105-132 (In Farsi).
1
Bayyurt, N. & Yılmaz, S. (2012). The impacts of governance and education on agricultural effi ciency: An international analysis. 8th International Strategic Management Conference .Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences.58,1158-1165.
2
Becker, G.S. (1993). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3
Berezka, A. (2012): Poziom wykształcenia Polaków a konkurencyjność gospodarki. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. [The level of education of Poles vs. competitiveness of the economy] Studia i Prace Wydziału Nauk Ekonomicznych i Zarządzania 25, 11-22.
4
Chiswick, B., Lee, Y. & Miller, P. (2002). Schooling, Literacy, Numeracy and Labor Market Success, IZA Discussion Paper, no 450,1-54.
5
Chizari, A. & Niknasab, H. (2001). Economic Analysis of Production Factors in Broile Chicken Units in Savojbolagh. Research and Development,14(2),22-25(In Farsi).
6
Daniyali, D., Alameh, M., Mohsen, S., & Mansouri, H. (2013). Investigating and recognizing Factors affecting of human resources productivity and setting priorities among employees. Quarterly Journal of Productivity Management, 7(27), 51-80 (In Farsi).
7
Duma, N. (2007). Sri Lanka's Sources of growth; International Monetary Fund working paper,1-25.
8
Egger, H., Egge, P., Falkinger, J. & Grossmann, V. (2005). International Capital Market Integration, Educational Choice and Economic Growth; Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute for Economic Research CESifo.Working Paper No.IZA Discussion Paper No.1863.1-50.
9
10. Fleisher, B., Li, H. & Zhao, M. Q.(2011).Human capital, economic growth, and regional inequality in China; Journal of Development Economics, 92 (2), 215- 31.
10
11. Haji Rahimi, M. & Karimi, A. (2010).Analysis of Productivity of Factors Producing in Broiler Chicken Industry in Kurdistan Province. Agricultural Economics and Development, 17(66), 1- 17. (In Farsi).
11
12. Heckman, J. & Yi, J. (2012). Human Capital, Economic Growth, and Inequality in China; Discussion Paper, 6550: 1-10.
12
13. Ganotakis, P. (2012). Founders’ human capital and the performance of UK new technology based firms. Small Business Economics, 39(2), 495-515.
13
14. Górecki, J. (2004): Role of the human factor and social capital in the process of
14
15. development of rural areas and agriculture in Poland following EU accession. Wieś i Rolnictwo, 2 (123),189-197.
15
16. Iranzadeh, S., & Mahmoudi, M. (2010). Recognizing Organizational Culture in Polynar Company based on Denison Model (A Case Study). Quarterly Journal of Productivity Management, 15(4), 53- 76, (In Farsi).
16
17. Latruffe, L. (2010). Competitiveness, Productivity and effi ciency in the agricultural and agri-food sectors. OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 30. Paris: OECD publishing.
17
18. Kalkan, A., Bozkurt, Ö. Ç., & Arman, M. (2014). The Impacts of Intellectual Capital, Innovation and Organizational Strategy on Firm Performance.10th International Strategic Management Conference,Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,150,700-707.
18
19. Kijek, T. & Kasztelan, A. (2013). Eco-innovation as a factor of sustainable development. Problemy Ekorozwoju 8 (2), 103- 112.
19
20. Kleynhans, E.P.J. (2006). The role of human capital in the competitive platform of South African Industries. Journal of Human Resource Management, 4, 55-62.
20
21. Kołoszko-Chomentowska, Z. (2008). Wykształcenie ludności rolniczej jako determinanta rozwoju rolnictwa [Education of agricultural population as a determinant of the agricultural development]. Warszawa: IERiGŻ.
21
22. Krueger, A. & Rouse, C. (1994). New Evidence from Workplace Education, NBER, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, Working Papers 4831,.
22
23. Marimuthu, M., Arokiasamy, L., & Ismall, M. (2009). Human Capital Development and Its Impact on Firm Performance: Evidence From Development Ecomonics. The Journal of International Social Research, 2(8),264-272.
23
24. Mariz-Pérez, R. M., Teijeiro-Alvarez, M. M., & García-Alvarez, M. T. (2013). The relevance of human capital as a driver for innovation. Cuadernos de economia, 35(98), 68-76.
24
25. Medoff, J.L. and Abraham, K.G. (1980). Experience, Performance and Earnings, Quarterly Journal of Economics, December, 95(4), 703–736.
25
26. Mincer, J. (1997). The Production of Human Capital and the Life Cycle of Earnings: Variations on a Theme. Journal of Labor Economics, 15(1), 26-47.
26
27. Mohamady, A., Mashayekhi, S, & Mousavi, S.N. (2012). Examining Productivity of Private and Cooperative Broiler farms in Tehran Province. Quarterly Journal of Cooperatives and Agriculture, 2(8), 107-123. (In Farsi).
27
28. Movahedi, R., Samiyan, M., & Mohammadi Mehr, S. (2017). The Influence of Intellectual Capital on Innovative Behaviors of Agricultural Jihad Employees in Kermanshah Province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 48 (2), 123-136 (In Farsi).
28
29. O’Donnell, C.J. (2010). Measuring and decomposing agricultural productivity and profi tability change. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 54, 527-560.
29
30. Penda, S.T. (2012). Human capital development for agricultural business in Nigeria. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 15 (Special Issue A), 89-91.
30
31. Pew Tong, H., Plowman, D. & Hancock, Ph. (2007). Intellectual Capital and Financial Returns of Companies. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1, 76 -95.
31
32. Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). The big Idea: Creating Sahred Value. Harvard Business Review, January-February, 63-77
32
33. Rastogi, P.N. (2002). Sustaining enterprise competitiveness –is human capital the answer. Human System Management. 19(3), 193-203.
33
34. Schultz, T.W. (1993). The economic importance of human capital in modernization. Education Economics, 1(1), 13-19.
34
35. Sabokro, M., Yeganeh, V., M., & Kashani, S. (2010). Employee productivity of Insurance companies by emotional intelligence and the quality of working Life. Journal of the Insurance Industry, 1, 179-202 (In Farsi).
35
36. Salami, H., & Jahaangardi, H. (2012). Analysis of short-term and long-term behavior of chicken meat in Iran, time series technique approach. Iranian Journal of agricultural Economics and Development Research, 44(4), 545-559 (In Farsi).
36
37. Sanati, Gh., & Eyn Abadi, D. (2007). Measuring the productivity of production units. Tadbir Journal, 181, 40-43 (In Farsi).
37
38. Seifollahi, N. (2019).Investigating the Impact of knowledge Management Dimensions on Value Chain in Beekeeping Industry (Case Study: Ardebil Province). Iranian Journal of agricultural Economics and Development Research, 46 (2), 797-804 (In Farsi).
38
39. Shih, K. H., Liu, Y. T., Jones, C., & Lin, B. (2010). The indicators of human capital for financial institutions. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(2), 1503- 1509.
39
40. Silva, G. R. P., Navaratne, N. N. J., Atapattu, A. W. M. M., & Wijayawardena, K. D. T. K. (2008). The effect of human recource practices on labor productivity, International Research Confrence on Management and Finance, University of Colombia.
40
41. Taleghani, G. R, Tanaomi, M. M., Farhangi, A. A., & Zarrinnegar, M. J. (2011). Studying factors affect on increase of productivity (case study: Saman bank). Journal of Public Adminastaration, 3(7), 115-130, (In Farsi).
41
Wang, Y. & Yao, Y. (2001). Sources of China's economic growth 1952-99: Incorporating Human Capital Accumulation, The World Bank, Working paper 2650
42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تحلیل تاثیر روحیه کارآفرینی کشاورزان در ترویج کشاورزی تقاضا محور با استفاده از مدل معادلات ساختاری ( مطالعه موردی: کشاورزان استان اصفهان)
هدف کلی این تحقیق، بررسی تأثیر روحیه کار آفرینی کشاورزان در ترویج کشاورزی تقاضا محور است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش 250 نفر از کشاورزانی بود که در طرح" سایت الگویی هدفمند " در استان اصفهان مشارکت داشتهاند که با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری طبقهای تصادفی با انتساب متناسب و با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان، 148 نفر به عنوان نمونه تحقیق انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمعآوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه بود که روایی صوری آن با کسب نظرهای متخصصان و اساتید گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا و دانشگاه تهران بررسی شد و اصلاحات لازم صورت گرفت. پایایی پرسشنامه نشان داد که بخشهای مختلف دارای آلفاکرونباخ 90/0 و بیشتر بودند که حاکی از پایایی بسیار مناسب بخشهای مختلف پرسشنامه است. دادههای گردآوری شده توسط نرمافزارهای SPSS و AMOS مورد تحلیل واقع شدند. ترویج کشاورزی تقاضامحور بهعنوان متغیر وابسته تحقیق در دو بعد مخاطب محوری و بازار محوری مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان میدهد که روحیه کار آفرینی کشاورزان بر ترویج کشاورزی تقاضا محور تأثیر مثبت و معنیداری میگذارد.
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_75336_b76e64ef08e7c4fa6457f020513942f0.pdf
2020-03-20
161
178
10.22059/ijaedr.2019.259972.668615
روحیه کارآفرینی کشاورزان
توانمند سازی
ترویج کشاورزی تقاضا محور
مخاطب محوری
بازار محوری
فاطمه
عباسی
abbasifatima530@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی دکتری، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، همدان، ایران
AUTHOR
حشمت اله
سعدی
hsaadi48@yahoo.com
2
دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، همدان، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
حسین
شعبانعلی فمی
hfami@ut.ac.ir
3
استاد گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
Ahmadpour Dariani, M., & Moghimi, M. (2006). Principles of Entrepreneurship. Tehran: Center of Entrepreneurship of Tehran University (In Frasi).
1
A'lam beige, A., Jalilian, S., & Latifi, S. (2017). Effects of entrepreneurship features on attitude and rural youth's self-employee intent (case study: Rurals of county in Eslam Abad Gharb). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Development and Economic, 48(4), 595-609 (In Farsi)
2
Arous, S.A., Arrar, H., Driouech, N., Bilali, H.E., Belsanti, V., & Sisto, L. (2013). Agricultural extension and advisory services in Algeria at crossroads: Pressing problems and innovative solutions. IV International Symposium, Agrosym 3-6 October, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
3
Badri, A., Liaghatdar, M., A'bedi, M., & Ja'fari, A. (2006). An investigation of entrepreneurship abilities of students of Isfahan University. Journal of Research And Planning In Higher Education, 40, 73-90. (In Farsi).
4
Bentler, P.M. & Weeks, D.G. (1980). Linear Structural Equations with Latent Variables. Psychometrika, 107 (45), 289-308.
5
Bergvinson, D. (2015). Demand driven innovation in Agriculture: Creating Economic Opportunity for Smallholder Farmers and Nutritional Security for Consumers. International crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics. Presented at NAAS 2015.
6
7. Blum, M., & Chipeta, S. (2016). Innovative Financing Mechanisms for Demand-driven Agricultural Advisory Services. Note 21. GFRAS Good Practice Notes for Extension and Advisory Services. GFRAS: Lausanne, Switzerland.
7
Brockhaus, R., & Horwitz, P. (1994). Small Business- Entrepreneurs and performance: Evidence from Management buy-in. International small business Journal, 12(1), 28-44.
8
Chipeta, S. (2006). Demand Driven Agricultural Advisory Services. Lindau: Swiss Center for Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, for the Neuchatel Initiative Group. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=GB2013202579
9
10. Christoplos, I. (2010). Mobilizing the potential of rural and agricultural extension. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension. The Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services, Rome. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1444e/i1444e00.htm
10
11. Collet, K., & Gala, C. (2009). Training for rural development: Agricultural and Enterprise skills for women smallholders. City and Guilds Centre for Skills Development, 24-30 West Smithfield, London, EC1A 9DDT
11
12. Cowdhury, K. (2007). Entrepreneurship as an Economic Force in Rural Development, the Seventh FAO/ REU International Rural Development Summer School, Herrsching, Germany.
12
13. Davis, K. (2008). Extension in Sub-Saharan Africa Overview and Assessment of Past and Current Models and Future Prospects. International Agricultural and Extension Education, 15(3), 15-28.
13
14. -Davis, K and Sulaiman, R. 2016. Overview of Extension Philosophies and Methods. Note 0. Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services Initiative. GFRAS: Lausanne, Switzerland. Retrieved from https://www.g-fras.org/en/good-practice-notes/0-overview-of-extension-philosophies-and-methods.html
14
15. De Lauwere, C.C. (2005). The role of agricultural entrepreneurship in Dutch agriculture today. Agricultural Economics, 33, 229-238.
15
16. Drucker, P. (1998). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. (revised ed.), Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford.
16
17. FAO. (2014). The state of food and agriculture: Innovation in family farming. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
17
18. Faure, G., Desjeux, Y., & Gasselin, P. (2012). New challenges in agricultural advisory services from a research perspective: a literature review, synthesis and research agenda. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 18, 461–492.
18
19. Ferris, S., E. Kaganzi, R. Best, C. Ostertag, M. Lundy and T. Wandschneider. (2006). A market facilitator’s guide to participatory agro enterprise development. Cali, CO: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), 2006.
19
20. Friis-Hansen, E. (2005). Agricultural development among poor farmers in Soroti district, Uganda: Impact assessment of agricultural technology, farmer empowerment and changes in opportunity structures. Danish Institute for International Studies, Mexico, 19- 21 October, pp1- 10.
20
21. Groot, J.C.J., Rossing, W.A.H., Tichit, M., Turpin, N., Jellema, A., Baudy, J., Verburg, P.H., Doyen. L., & Van de ven, G.W.J. (2009). On the contribution of modelling to multifunctional agriculture: Learning from comparisons. Journal of Environmental Management. 90, 147-160
21
22. Gurel, E., Altinay, L., & Daniele, R. (2010). Tourism students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Annals of Tourism Research, 37 (3), 646–669.
22
23. Hosseini, S.M., & Soleiman pour, M. (2006). An investigation of effects of enforcement of entreprenurship spirits in agricultural development process. Journal of Jahad, (273), 250-265 (in Farsi).
23
24. Howard, S. (2004). Developing Entrepreneurial Potential in Youth: The Effects of Entrepreneurial Education and Venture Creation. University of South Florida Repot, pp.3-17.
24
25. IFAD. (2011). Smallholder conservation agriculture rationale for IFAD involvement and relevance to the East and Southern African region. Rome, IFAD 5 (3), 5-7
25
26. Jalalzadeh, M., Nouri Zaman abadi, H., & Kalantari, KH. (2017). Spatial Analysis of effective factors on farmers attitude in western province toward foundation of agricultural productions marketing cooperatives. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Development and Economic, 48-2(4), 589-596 (In Farsi)
26
27. Kahan, D. (2011). Market – oriented advisory services in Asia – A review and lessons learned. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia And The Pacific. Fao. Bangkok.
27
28. Kahan, D. (2013). Market oriented farming: An overview. Farm management extension guide. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
28
29. Karani, Z., Monavarifard, F., & Salehi, L. (2014). An investigation on effective factors on making entrepreneurship mentality of farmers. Research of Economic and Agricultural Development of Iran Journal, 45 (2), 315-322. (In Farsi).
29
30. Karia, S., Abenakyo, A., Alum, W., Asiimwe, F., Best, R., Barigte, J., Chisike, C., Delve, R., Gracious, D., Kahiu, I., Kankwatsa, P., Kaganzi, E., Muzira, R., Nalukwago, G., Njuki, J., Sanginga, P., & Sangole, N. (2007). Enabling Rural Innovation: Empowering Farmers to take advantage of Market Opportunities and improve livelihoods. CIAT-Africa, P.O. Box 6247, Kampala, Uganda.
30
31. Karimi, A., Malek Mohammadi, I., Ahmadpour Dariani, M., & Rezvanfar, A. (2013). Effects of organizational entrepreneurship in field of agricultural sustainable development with using of structural equation modeling. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Development and Economic, 44(3), 411-427(In Farsi)
31
32. Kilenthong, P. (2011). An empirical investigation of entrepreneurial marketing and the role of entrepreneurial Orientation. Ph.D. Dissertation, College of Business Administration, University of Illinois, USA.
32
33. Klerkx, L., & Proctor, A. (2013). Beyond fragmentation and disconnect: networks for knowledge exchange in the English land management advisory system. Land Use Policy, 30, 13–24.
33
34. Labarthe, P., & Laurent, C. (2013). Privatization of agricultural extension services in the EU: Towards a lack of adequate knowledge for small-scale farms? Food Policy, 38, 240–252.
34
35. Laoubi Kh., Boudi M., & Yamao M. (2010). Citrus farming in Algeria: farmers’ behavior towards research and extension agenda. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(15),1993-2001.
35
36. Laspita, S., Breugst, N., Heblich, S., & Patzelt, H. (2012). Intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurial intentions‖, Journal of Business Venturing, 27, 414–435.
36
37. Lescevica, A. (2002). Networking strategy of boards: Implications for small and mediumsized enterprises. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 13 (3), 269-285.
37
38. Mankelow, G., & Merrilees, B. (2001). Towards a model of entrepreneurial marketing for rural women: A case study approach.Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship; 6(3): 23-35
38
39. McClelland, D.C. (1965). Toward a throry of motive acquisition.american psychologist, 20, 321-333
39
40. McElwee, G. (2008). A taxonomy of entrepreneurial farmers. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 6, 465–478.
40
41. Moghimi, M. (2004). Enrepreneurship in NGOs, Tehran University and Tehran University center Publication. Tehran.1st ed. (P395). (In Farsi).
41
42. Motiei Langeroudi, H., Ghadiri Masoum, M., Dadkhani, F., Yadollahi Farsi, J., & Torkashvand, Z. (2012). Explanations of effectice factors in the rural empowerments in development of entreprenurship, case study: Zand and Samen parts of Malayer County. Researches of humen geogeraphy, 80 (2), 119-138 (In Farsi).
42
43. Nemati, M.A. (2013). An investigation of Entrepreneurial spirit of students of Public universities of Tehran. Journal of Innovation and Value Creation, 1 (3), 47-64. (In Farsi)
43
44. Oladele, O.I., & Sakagami, J.I. (2004). Swot analysis of extension system in Asian and West African countries. Food, Agriculture and Environment, 2 (2), 232-236.
44
45. Pillis, E., & Reardon, K. K. (2007). The influence of personality traits and persuasive messages on entrepreneurial intention: A cross-cultural comparison. Career Development International, 12(4), 382–396 36.
45
46. Poza, E., & Daugherty, M. (2013). Family business. South Western. Ohio: Mason.
46
47. Qamar, M. K. (2011). Introducing Demand-Driven Extension Approach in a Traditional Region: A Case Study from Pakistan. Research and Extension Branch Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
47
48. Raab, R.T., Ellis, W.W., & Abdon, B.R. (2002). Multisectoral partnerships in e-learning a potential force for improved human capital development in the Asia Pacific. Internet and Higher Education, 4, 217-229.
48
49. Rajesh, K., Singh, B.P., & Kaswan, S. (2012). Production Driven to Market Driven Extension Approach. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, Special Issue (Volume II), 125-129
49
50. Rayasawath, C. (2018). Factors Affecting the Household Succession in Agricultural Occupation in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Agriculture, 2018, 8, 109, 1-14
50
51. Robinson, M., & Christy, N. (2004). Social Capital, Knowledge Acquisition, and Knowledge Exploitation in Young Technology-Based Firms. Strategy Management, 12 (6), 587-590.
51
52. Roknedin eftekhari, A., Sajasi gheidari, H., & Razavi, S.H. (2010). Steratgies of agriculture entreprenurship development in rural regions: Cae study: rurals of Khodabandeh County. Journal of Rural amd development, 13 (3), 1-29 (In Farsi).
52
53. Sanginga, P.C., Kaaria, S., Machingadize, S., Best, R., Kahiu, I., Chitsike, C., Kanzikwera, R., Njuki, J., & Hauser, M. (2004). Strengthening Partnerships for Enabling Rural Innovation in Africa: Achievements, Prospects and Challenges. Poster presented at the Innovation Africa Symposium, 21-23rd November 2006 Speke Resort Munyonyo Kampala Uganda
53
54. Schrijver, R., Poppe, K., & Daheim, C. (2016). Pricision agriculture and the future of farming in the Europe. Science and Technology options assessment. Scientific foresight study. European Parliamentary Research Service.
54
55. Schumpeter, G. (1934). The Theory of Economic Devlopment. Cambridge, Harvard Universiy press.
55
56. Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
56
57. Shabanali Fami, H., & Rezahei, M. (2004). Application of ICTs for effective agricultural extension services in Asia, Jihad Monthly Scientific, Social and Economic Magazine, Oct. and Nov.2004 , 265 (7). 1-11. (In Farsi)
57
58. Stoner, J., Freeman, E., & Gilbert, D. (1995). Management, New York: Prentice-Hall Publishers.
58
59. Swanson, B. 2008. Global review of good agricultural extension and advisory service practices. FAO, Rome.
59
60. Swanson, B., & Rajalahti, R. (2010). Strengthening agricultural extension and advisory systems: procedures for assessing, transforming, and evaluating extension systems. Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Paper 45. The world bank. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. Internet www.worldbank.org/rural
60
61. Temme, E.H., Van, H.P.G., Schouten, E.G., & Kesteloot, H. (2002). Effect of a plant sterol-enriched spread on serum lipids and lipoproteins in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subject. Acta card 57: 111-115
61
62. Van den Ban, A.W. & Samanta, R. K. (2006). Changing Roles of Agricultural Extension in Asian Nations. Delhi: B.R. Publishing.
62