An Investigation of Productivity Gaps of Industrial Crops in some Iranian Provinces
mohammad
bakhshoudeh
author
maryam
shokouhi
author
text
article
2010
per
The issue of convergence or divergence of productivity has important policy for regional poverty reduction and increasing standards of living. If productivity converges to a common level without intervention, there will be little need for explicit policies in lagging regions to promote the catch up. On the other hand, if productivity undergoes a divergence trend, then explicit policies would be needed to prevent further lagging of TFP and standard of living. Considering the importance of this subject, this paper tries to find out whether the different provinces in Iran have been well managed in industrial crop production (irrigated cotton, dry-fed cotton as well as sugar beet) to narrow their productivity gaps? The results showed that average TFP growth of irrigated cotton lies between -0.3 percent in Semnan province and 8.2 percent in Fars province. All sugar beet producing provinces, except Ardebil, showed positive productivity changes, with Isfahan province exhibiting the highest TFP growth rates during the last two decades. Also, two provinces – Mazandaran and Golestan- experienced positive and negative growth rates in dry cotton production respectively. The results of convergence test indicated that, out of 14 provinces of under consideration only five, namely: Ardebil, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan and Yazd converge to the mean of irrigated cotton production while four provinces of: Isfahan, Khorasan, Ardebil and Hamedan converged to the mean of sugar beet production. Therefore, these provinces have been managed in a was as to make better use of new available technologies, thus reaching far greater productivity levels than the others. On the opposite, convergence cannot be accepted for the dry-fed cotton producer provinces.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
University of Tehran
2008-4838
2-41
v.
1
no.
2010
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_21563_c849c28fecf9cdfd60dbd236fdcb9ec7.pdf
Impact of Trade Liberalization on Environment Pollution in Iran
hossein
mehrabi bashar abadi
author
seyed abdolmajid
jalaei esfand abadi
author
ali akbar
baghestani
author
habibeh
sherafatmand
author
text
article
2010
per
Liberalization of international markets affects level of pollution in developing countries more than in developed countries. Therefore the impact of trade liberalization on environmental pollution is a challenge for policy makers. In this paper Auto Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) and Error Correction Model (ECM) methods are employed for a study of the relationship between trade liberalization and environmental pollution in Iran, in the long run as well as in the short run. Results indicate that pollution is negatively related to trade intensity and openness, while capital to labor ratio and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are positively related to pollution. Results also show that trade liberalization in the long run can solve environmental problems. At last, the paper analyzes the Environmental Kuznets Curve as regards Iranian economies.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
University of Tehran
2008-4838
2-41
v.
1
no.
2010
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_21564_21acd6280242e139930e2f1b1f84b536.pdf
Evalvation the Benefits of Nitate Contamination Abatement in Consumed Water Using Contigent Valuation Method
seyed safdar
hosseini
author
gholam ali
sharzehei
author
afsaneh
naimi far
author
text
article
2010
per
In the agricultural sector, groundwater is being polluted through influx of a part of nitrogen from Nitrogen fertilizers. Water contamination threatens villagers' health, because they provide their drinking water from wells nearby farms.. In this paper contingent evaluation method has been employed to estimate water quality changes, as reflected by 310 respondents from some fore cities of: Rasht, Bandar anzali, Langrood and Astaneh ashrafieh from Gilan Province .The number of sample was assessed by use of purposely method and classified multistage. Results indicate that 54% of farmers support financial participation to improve water quality. With water contamination decline, the expected value of Willingness To Pay (WTP) is estimated to be 394069 and 437855 rials per family and per hectare. Also the average Willingness To Accept (WTA) are 13202501 and 13276136 rials per family and per hectare. Income classes and education specify the maximum and the minimum values of water quality changes, respectively.According to the results, balance between water quality conservation and durable economical production, will be achieved by implementing subsidiary support policies, changing distribution policies of nitrogen fertilizers to policies that improve livelihood of farmers, and as well, decrease water contamination from other incoming pollutants. JEL Classification: Q25,Q51,Q53.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
University of Tehran
2008-4838
2-41
v.
1
no.
2010
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_21565_488787f90919f993192b6b4cfda9720b.pdf
Determining the Effective Factors in Marketing Extension of Ornamental Flowers
hossein
yad avar
author
yousef
hejazi
author
seyed mahmood
hosseini
author
Iraj
saleh
author
text
article
2010
per
The main objective of the ongoing study was to investigate the factors that influence the promotion of marketing of ornamental plants and flowers. The statistical population consisted of all the floriculturists (4920) active in Tehran, Markazi, Gilan, Khozestan, and Razavi-Khorasan provinces. A sample of 234 of them was selected by use of “Cluster Proportional Sampling” technique. Descriptive- correlational method constitutes the base of this research. Accorrding to Multiple Regression Analysis 45.6 percent of the changes in "Marketing knowledge level" was dependent upon programming concerning access channels to market, communication services, local markets, form of information, and expertise of the extension experts. An 87.3 percent of the changes in "floriculturist’s expectations of extension sector" was related to infrastructures, harvesting techniques, sorting of ornamental sets, managing costs, determination of the needs, aware being of production cost-benefits, finding out of new markets, promotion, information system form, on-time dissemination of information, aware being of the standards, accounting skills and commercial management, marketing margins, production planning, as well as group marketing.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
University of Tehran
2008-4838
2-41
v.
1
no.
2010
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_21566_8f53c2793fcf51419bd2c130665637e5.pdf
An Investigation of Factors Influencing Attitude of Personnel of the Agricultural Extension and Education Organization in the Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture towards Knowledge Sharing
gholamreza
pezeshki rad
author
neda
alizadeh
author
naser
zamani miandashti
author
text
article
2010
per
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing personnel’s attitude toward Knowledge Sharing in Agricultural Extension and Education Organization in Iranian Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture. A survey method was employed for the study, with 110 personnel being randomly selected as a sample out of 140 personnel who were working in the organization and finally 80 questionnaires were recollected. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient Value of the questionnaire was obtained 0.75-0.93. A majority of the respondents expressed a favorable attitude toward knowledge sharing. According to the study, there were significant relationships between age, organizational structure, social trust and relational social capital with the dependent variable (attitude toward knowledge sharing). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that age and relational social capital could explain about 38 percent of the variations in knowledge sharing.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
University of Tehran
2008-4838
2-41
v.
1
no.
2010
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_21567_9e77d0d087fda9c2ecbb0c71dc700196.pdf
An Evaluation of Greenhouse Owners’ Knowledge toward Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Cultivation of Greenhouse Cucumber in Khorasan Razavi Province
aligholi
heidari
author
somayeh
afsari kohneh shahri
author
text
article
2010
per
The purpose of this study is to evaluate greenhouse owners’ knowledge regarding integrated pest management (IPM) in the production of greenhouse cucumber in Khorasan Razavi province.The survey research was a descriptive – correlational one. The study consisted of all farmers who cultivated greenhouse cucumber in Khorasan Razavi province (N=160), of whom 108 were selected through a random sampling technique (n= 108). Findings indicated that a majority of the farmers' knowledge toward integrated pest management (IPM) was at an ''average '' level. Also, it was revealed that the most important center for gaining information about integrated pest management was the Agriculture Organization and the least informative one was participation in the educational - extensional classes. The results indicated that there wasn’t any positive and meaningful relationship between economic, societal and relevancy channel variants with the farmers' knowledge. There was a positive and meaningful correlation between greenhouse owners' personal education as a variant and their knowledge concerning integrated pest management.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
University of Tehran
2008-4838
2-41
v.
1
no.
2010
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_21568_0afc4fd9f80622bf74595cc647d88ebf.pdf
Analysis of Information Seeking Behavior in Internet, by undergraduate Students of Agricultural Extension and Education in Iran
mojtaba
soukhtanlou
author
hamid
movahed mohammadi
author
ahmad
rezvanfar
author
text
article
2010
per
The main purpose of this research was to analyze the through internet information seeking behavior of agricultural extension and education students in Iran. The research was through survey method and the statistical population of the study consisted of all undergraduate students of agricultural extension and education from 4 universities of Tehran, Shiraz, Ramin-Mollasani and Kermanshah. By use of stratified Proportional Random Sampling, 230 students (through Morgan table) were selected. Data were collected by use of a questionnaire the validity of which (Face Validity) was achieved by a panel of Information Science Experts and agricultural extension and education faculty members. Reliability of the questionnaire variables was assessed through an assessment of Cronbach-Alpha coefficient (above 0.7).. According to regression analysis, "information seeking styles in internet" and "English language skills" are the important hindrances and the effective factors in the inadequate information seeking behavior of students in use of internet. Also, the shortcomings in universities' internet availability was an effective factor in limited information seeking behavior of internet on the part of the students.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
University of Tehran
2008-4838
2-41
v.
1
no.
2010
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_21569_4c00a6ece98704b3fc3efeab55f9ff88.pdf
Attitudes of Agricultural Jihad Organization Specialists towards Sustainable Agriculture Concepts and its Determinants in the East Azerbaijan Province
bab-o-lah
hayati
author
davood
moameni chalaki
author
shapoor
zarifian
author
Mehdi
jalalian
author
text
article
2010
per
The objective of the present research was to investigate the Agricultural Jihad Organization (AJO) specialists' attitudes towards sustainable agriculture concepts in the East Azerbaijan and to find out about its determinants. A descriptive-correlational method was used in the study. The sampling population of the study consisted of all the AJO specialists in East Azerbaijan (N=200). A sample consisting of 77 respondents, selected through random sampling was taken into account. Data were collected by questionnaires the validity of which was confirmed by a scientific board of faculty members. Their reliability was confirmed through a pilot study for which Cronbach alpha coefficient was found out as 0.72. The results indicate that the attitudes of AJO specialists about the concepts of sustainable agriculture were moderate. Based on regression analysis, the factors of their education major, on farm agricultural experience, work experience, reading of the scientific and extension publications, number of information sources at their disposal, and their income have significant effects over their attitudes with these factors explaining 53% of the specialists' attitudes towards sustainable agriculture concepts.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
University of Tehran
2008-4838
2-41
v.
1
no.
2010
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_21570_1956f90931e025b01d78e2c46d6be341.pdf
A Study on Job Satisfaction of the Experts of the University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University
laleh
salehi
author
mohammad
mokhtarnia
author
text
article
2010
per
The level of in job satisfaction of the experts engaged in College of agriculture, and Natural Resources of Tehran University was the purpose followed in this study. Statistical population of the research included all the experts, a number of 123 members in the University College. Questionnaires were sent to all the participants picked up by means of census method. Ninety eight participants had completed the questionnaires and returned them back. The main means of collecting data was the organized and pre- tested beforehand. The obtained information was analyzed through S.P.S.S software. The findings showed that a majority of the experts (88/8%) had a medium level of in job satisfaction, while10.2% and 1% were in a low and in a high level of their job satisfaction, respectively. The results of the comparison of means indicated significant differences between official and non-official employment as regarded in one's job satisfaction. Correlation analysis indicated that there were significant and positive correlations between degree of job satisfaction and age, educational level and salary. Also results of multiple regression analysis indicated that 43% of the dependent variable variance of in jab satisfaction were explained by the independent variables of salary and of educational level.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
University of Tehran
2008-4838
2-41
v.
1
no.
2010
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_21571_8f9f7ffa2c4a9d1d28efddfc58e2315f.pdf
An Analysis of Attitude of Karaj Citizens towards Participation in Community-Supported Agriculture
hossein
shabanali fami
author
javad
ghasemi
author
rahil
maleki pour
author
omid
sharifi
author
text
article
2010
per
The main objective of this descriptive- correlation research was to analyze attitude of Karaj citizens towards participation in community-supported agriculture. The statistical population of the study consisted of the heads of households residing in the 10 regions of Karaj (N=386008), out of whom 300 were determined as sample using Cochran Formula and proportionate stratified sampling technique. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by the judgment of a panel of faculty members of the department of Agricultural Extension and Education as experts. To measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach Alpha coefficients were calculated for the main scales of the questionnaire, which ranged from 0.84 to 0.95 indicating the reliability of the tool of the study. The findings revealed that the main purposes of citizens for participation in community-supported agriculture were: access to safer food, economic motivations and interest in nature and environment. The result of "t" test revealed that attitude of citizens for participating in community-supported agriculture were significantly different in terms of the numbers of contracted farms, place of birth, experience of direct purchasing of agricultural produce, as well as the gender of citizens.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
University of Tehran
2008-4838
2-41
v.
1
no.
2010
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_21572_94d62d4c42b8a115da8f53dfbb7f47d5.pdf
Factors Affecting the Implementation of Crop Rotation by Farmers in the Suburbs, District of Gorgan Township
Mohammad reza
mahboobi
author
abolghasem
sharifzadeh
author
text
article
2010
per
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate factors affecting the implementation of crop rotation by farmers in the suburbs of Gorgan Township. The methodological approach was a descriptive-co relational one and the target population consisting of 4000 resident farmers in 14 villages in the suburbs of Gorgan Township, Golestan province. Using systematic classified random sampling method, 350 farmers were chosen. Data were collected through filling up of questionnaires and analyzed through SPSS, V.11. The content and face validity of the instrument were obtained by the faculty members of Agricultural Extension and Education Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources as well by the agronomy Specialists Board of the Agricultural Jihad Organization, Golestan province. The reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach`s alpha value determined as 0.88. Also the results of forward stepwise logistic regression model indicated that some of the discriminative factors are consisted of farm distance from market place of the products, experience in agriculture, number of agricultural products produced, membership in the Islamic Council, extent of irrigated lands, attendance in extension and education classes, number of agricultural products under insurance coverage and home distance from support center could appropriately classify 95.4 percent of the respondents.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
University of Tehran
2008-4838
2-41
v.
1
no.
2010
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_21573_4956af4751f4fb26ef3f0878c4443b95.pdf
Formulating and Validation of Suitable Indices for Analyzing Spatial Agricultural Development Inequalities (Case Study: Fars Province)
gholam hossein
abd-o-lah zadeh
author
khalil
kalantari
author
ali
asadi
author
Zhila
daneshvar ameri
author
text
article
2010
per
The main aim of the current paper is the formulating and validation of suitable indices to analyze spatial agricultural development inequalities in Fars Province. The study was carried out in two phases. In phase one with a review of literature, regarding agricultural development, spatial inequality, along with its indicators, 92 agricultural development indicators were identified. These indices were classified in five components under: 1) socio;-cultural, 2) structural-performance, 3) technical-management, 4) economical, and 5) infrastructural-services. These indices were validated as research samples by 57 experts who were randomly selected from among faculty members of 6 Iranian agriculture faculties. In order to meet the experts consensus and validate the indicators, such statistical methods as: mode, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation as well as Williamson Coefficient, Theil and Herfindal Indexes, the spatial inequalities of each indictor in Fars province were analyzed. The results indicated that, except for four indices, the rest are appropriate for an analysis of spatial agricultural development inequalities. Calculating inequality coefficients also revealed that such economic-financial and structural-service indicators as: agricultural credit institutes, agricultural and rural industries, as well as rural and agricultural cooperatives stand in high inequality situations.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research
University of Tehran
2008-4838
2-41
v.
1
no.
2010
https://ijaedr.ut.ac.ir/article_21574_4335d05e09a09fda76bda351b236fd85.pdf